scholarly journals Ocean climate and El Niño impacts on survival of Cassin's Auklets from upwelling and downwelling domains of British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2841-2853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas F Bertram ◽  
Anne Harfenist ◽  
Barry D Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
California Current ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
The North ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
Cassin's Auklet ◽  
Ptychoramphus Aleuticus

We report on the survival of populations of Cassin's Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus) that breed on two oceanic colonies in British Columbia: Triangle Island, near the northern end of the California Current Ecosystem, and Frederick Island to the north in the Alaska Current Ecosystem. We captured and banded birds at both colonies from 1994 to 2000 and analyzed the recovery data with the computer program MARK. Average local adult annual survival (± standard error) was significantly lower (p = 0.0001) on Triangle Island (0.71 ± 0.02) than that on Frederick Island (0.80 ± 0.02), likely a result of poor production in the California Current Ecosystem during the 1990s. Coincident with a strong El Niño event, survival in 1997-1998 fell in unison to the lowest values observed for both colonies (to 0.54 ± 0.05 and 0.64 ± 0.04, respectively, for adults). A common winter environment in the California Current Ecosystem could explain the unified mortality response of both British Columbia populations to an exceptionally poor food period. The seabird colonies in this study occupy key positions in relation to major oceanographic domains and hence provide unique platforms for investigations of marine ecosystem response to ocean climate variability in the Northeast Pacific Ocean.

scholarly journals ZOOPLANKTON FUNCTIONAL GROUPS FROM THE CALIFORNIA CURRENT AND CLIMATE VARIABILITY DURING 1997-2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
B. E. Lavaniegos ◽  
O. Molina -González ◽  
M. Murcia -Riaño
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Baja California ◽  
El Nino ◽  
California Current ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre ◽  
The North ◽  
Biological Variables

Zooplankton plays an important role in recycling matter and energy trough the pelagic ecosystem. The California Current is one of the large marine ecosystems with high productivity and bio-physical variability at multiple time scales. An interannual scale or longer periods requires data series sufficiently long to ensure reliable averages of zooplankton abundance in order to estimate their low frequency variability. Here, tendencies in physical and biological variables are presented for the period 1997-2013 with data obtained from IMECOCAL cruises in the Mexican sector of the California Current. The area was divided into four regions, two oceanic (off North and Central Baja California) and two neritic (Vizcaino bay and Gulf of Ulloa). Sea surface temperature (SST) and El Niño Oceanic Index (ONI) showed correlation in all areas, while extratropical indices (PDO and NPGO) exhibited different tendencies among the regions. The PDO had significant correlation with SST only in the central and Vizcaino bay regions. The NPGO was not correlated with temperature but presented significantly strong correlation with sea surface salinity in all regions, which has been attributed to changes in large-scale circulation of the north Pacific subtropical gyre. In spite of a significant influence of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in SST, the correlation between ONI and zooplankton abundance was limited to gelatinous herbivorous (tunicates) from the North region. Local influence was remarkable in Vizcaino bay where the tunicates showed a period of negative abundance anomalies (2000-2004) followed by increasing positive anomalies between 2005 and 2013 associated with positive upwelling index anomalies. Geometric mean abundance of salps (per oceanographic cruise) averaged in Vizcaino bay 33.3 ind m-3 during 2005-2013 compared to 1.4 ind m-3 in 2000-2004. Salps partially displaced crustacean herbivores since they compete for feeding particles; copepods decreased from 88.2 ind m-3 during 2000-2004 to 59.7 ind m-3 in 2005-2013; and euphausiids from 16.1 ind m-3 to 10.4 ind m-3. In the oceanic domain a period of saline stratification during 2002-2006 was associated with positive anomalies of all trophic groups (crustaceans, tunicates and carnivores). Alternation of particular taxa of tunicates and carnivores is discussed. The increase of gelatinous organisms associated to higher stratification in the oceanic region and enhanced upwellng in the coastal shelf appears to be in detriment of crustaceans, though the time-series are short to outline a more defined trend. That tendency is particularly disturbing in Vizcaino bay affecting the availability of food for fishes and other predators. Grupos funcionales de zooplancton de la corriente de California y variabilidad climática durante 1997-2013 El zooplancton juega un papel fundamental en el flujo de materia y energía en el ecosistema pelágico. La Corriente de California es uno de los grandes ecosistemas marinos con elevada productividad y amplia variabilidad físico-biológica a múltiples escalas temporales. A escala interanual y de mayor periodo es necesario contar con series de datos lo suficientemente extensas temporalmente que permitan calcular promedios robustos de la abundancia del zooplancton y poder estimar la variabilidad de baja frecuencia. En el presente estudio se muestran las tendencias en variables físicas y biológicas del periodo 1997-2013 de los datos obtenidos por los cruceros IMECOCAL en el sector mexicano de la Corriente de California. El área fue dividida en cuatro regiones, dos oceánicas (frente a Baja California, Norte y Central) y dos neríticas (Bahía Vizcaíno y Golfo de Ulloa). En todas las regiones la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) estuvo correlacionada con El Niño Oceanic Index (ONI). Los índices extratropicales (PDO y NPGO) mostraron diferentes tendencias entre regiones. El PDO tuvo fuerte correlación con la TSM solo en la región central y en Bahía Vizcaíno. El NPGO no se correlacionó con la temperatura pero presentó correlación significativa con la salinidad superficial del mar en todas las regiones, lo cual ha sido atribuido a cambios en la circulación a gran escala del giro subtropical del Pacífico norte. A pesar de una influencia significativa del ENSO en la TSM, la correlación entre el ONI y la abundancia del zooplancton estuvo limitada a los herbívoros gelatinosos (tunicados) de la región Norte. La influencia local fue notable en Bahía Vizcaíno donde los tunicados mostraron un periodo de anomalías negativas (2000-2004) seguido por un periodo con anomalías positivas de creciente amplitud entre 2005 y 2013 asociadas con anomalías positivas del índice de surgencias. La abundancia expresada mediante medias geométricas de salpas (por crucero) mostró en Bahía Vizcaíno 33.3 ind m-3 durante 2005-2013 comparada con 1.4 ind m-3 en 2000-2004. Las salpas desplazaron parcialmente a los crustáceos herbívoros puesto que ambos compiten por las partículas de alimento; los copépodos disminuyeron de 88.2 ind m-3 durante 2000-2004 a 59.7 ind m-3 en 2005-2013; los eufáusidos disminuyeron de 16.1 ind m-3 a 10.4 ind m-3. En el dominio oceánico un periodo de estratificación salina durante 2002-2006 estuvo asociado con anomalías positivas de todos los grupos tróficos (crustáceos, tunicados y carnívoros). Se discute la alternancia de taxa particulares de tunicados y carnívoros. El incremento de organismos gelatinosos asociado a una mayor estratificación en la región oceánica y a la intensificación de las surgencias en la plataforma costera parece ir en detrimento de los crustáceos, aunque las series de tiempo son cortas para establecer una tendencia definida. Dicha tendencia es particularmente perturbadora en Bahía Vizcaíno al afectar la disponibilidad de alimento para peces y otros depredadores.

Distribution of Atlantidae species (Gastropoda: Pterotracheoidea) during an El Niño event in the Southern California Current System (summer-fall 2015)

2020 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
G Aceves-Medina ◽  
M Moreno-Alcántara ◽  
R Durazo ◽  
D Delgado-Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Current System ◽  
California Current ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
California Current System ◽  
The North ◽  
Lack Of Information

Atlantids are holoplanktonic gastropods present in tropical to sub-polar waters, and have gained an increasing interest due to their potential use as biological indicators of climate change and ocean acidification. However, there is a lack of information regarding their distribution for large areas of some oceans, particularly in the California Current System (CCS), which has been used as a model for many acidification studies and where intense warming events occur. The distribution patterns of 18 species of Atlantidae off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, representing 90% of the atlantid species registered for the Pacific Ocean, were analyzed during a period of warm anomalies associated with the El Niño of 2015-2016 and the 2014-2016 marine heat wave (MHW). The species distribution showed 3 groups: 2 in the north (coastal and oceanic) and 1 in the south. The limit of distribution between these 3 groups was found in the vicinity of Punta Eugenia (PE). The southernmost community of atlantids was characterized by tropical and subtropical species that were transported northward due to coastal advection of warm waters associated with the El Niño of 2015-2016. North of PE, the warm-water affinity oceanic species Atlanta rosea and A. fragilis were found, evidencing the entrance of water from the Central Pacific related to MHW which affected the oceanic region off the coast of PE. The response of the distribution patterns proves that atlantids can be used as biological indicators, as they reflect the effect of environmental anomalies in the southern CCS.

ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH EASTERN LITTLE TUNA [Eutynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849)] CATCHES: A CASE FOR THE NORTH INDRAMAYU WATERS, JAVA SEA

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mega Syamsuddin ◽  
Sunarto Sunarto ◽  
Lintang Yuliadi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
Enso Events ◽  
The North ◽  
Favorable Environmental Condition ◽  
Java Sea

Environmental variability during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) derived from satellite imagery of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll a were investigated during 2010 to 2014. This study investigates how ocean climate variability of ENSO affects environmental conditions and further addresses their relations with Eastern Little Tuna catches. Changes in environmental conditions during ENSO events resulted in perceivable variations in catches, with an average catches of 839.6 t during El Niño. The La Niña event, with an average catches of 602.6 t was less favorable for catches. Major fishing location located around 3.22-6.59ºS and 108.20-109.67ºE could have been suggested as the most favorable environmental condition to Eastern Little Tuna catch in the North Indramayu waters, Java Sea.

Rapid shift in zooplankton community composition on the northeast Pacific shelf during the 1998–1999 El Niño – La Niña event

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette E Zamon ◽  
David W Welch
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
California Current ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
La Niña ◽  
The North ◽  
La Nina ◽  
La Nina Event ◽  
Rapid Shift

The 1997–1998 El Niño was one of the strongest ocean warming events in the historical record followed by an equally strong cold La Niña event in 1999. We observed a rapid shift in the marine zooplankton assemblage found in the transitional area between the California Current domain and the Alaska Gyre domain. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed that the shift in species composition was caused primarily by changes in the relative abundance of subtropical neritic copepods normally found in the California Current domain. In 1998, the subtropical neritic copepods Paracalanus, Ctenocalanus, and Corycaeus were found as far north as 56°N and occurred in 100%, 96%, and 51% of 1998 samples versus 16%, 5%, and 3% of 1999 samples. The type and magnitude of change were similar to those observed off central Oregon but differed from those observed in southeast Alaska. Results support the hypothesis that anomalous poleward transport can inject significant California Current water into the coastal circulation of the Alaska Gyre and suggest that alongshore connectivity between the two domains may extend farther to the north than previously thought.

scholarly journals Spurious North Tropical Atlantic precursors to El Niño

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Zhang ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Malte F. Stuecker ◽  
Fei-Fei Jin ◽  
Axel Timmermann
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
The North ◽  
Sst Variability ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
North Tropical Atlantic

AbstractThe El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the primary driver of year-to-year global climate variability, is known to influence the North Tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST), especially during boreal spring season. Focusing on statistical lead-lag relationships, previous studies have proposed that interannual NTA SST variability can also feed back on ENSO in a predictable manner. However, these studies did not properly account for ENSO’s autocorrelation and the fact that the SST in the Atlantic and Pacific, as well as their interaction are seasonally modulated. This can lead to misinterpretations of causality and the spurious identification of Atlantic precursors for ENSO. Revisiting this issue under consideration of seasonality, time-varying ENSO frequency, and greenhouse warming, we demonstrate that the cross-correlation characteristics between NTA SST and ENSO, are consistent with a one-way Pacific to Atlantic forcing, even though the interpretation of lead-lag relationships may suggest otherwise.

Future Changes to El Niño Teleconnections over the North Pacific and North America

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Beverley ◽  
Matthew Collins ◽  
F. Hugo Lambert ◽  
Robin Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
El Niño ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Positive Temperature ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Wave Source ◽  
The North ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
The North Pacific

AbstractThe El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading mode of interannual climate variability and it exerts a strong influence on many remote regions of the world, for example in northern North America. Here, we examine future changes to the positive-phase ENSO teleconnection to the North Pacific/North America sector and investigate the mechanisms involved. We find that the positive temperature anomalies over Alaska and northern North America that are associated with an El Niño event in the present day are much weaker, or of the opposite sign, in the CMIP6 abrupt 4×CO2 experiments for almost all models (22 out of 26, of which 15 are statistically significant differences). This is largely related to changes to the anomalous circulation over the North Pacific, rather than differences in the equator-to-pole temperature gradient. Using a barotropic model, run with different background circulation basic states and Rossby wave source forcing patterns from the individual CMIP6 models, we find that changes to the forcing from the equatorial central Pacific precipitation anomalies are more important than changes in the global basic state background circulation. By further decomposing this forcing change into changes associated with the longitude and magnitude of ENSO precipitation anomalies, we demonstrate that the projected overall eastward shift of ENSO precipitation is the main driver of the temperature teleconnection change, rather than the increase in magnitude of El Niño precipitation anomalies which are, nevertheless, seen in the majority of models.

scholarly journals Intensification and Northward Extension of Northwest Pacific Anomalous Anticyclone in El Niño Decaying Mid-Summer: An Energetic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haosu Tang ◽  
Kaiming Hu ◽  
Gang Huang ◽  
Ya Wang ◽  
Weichen Tao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
The North ◽  
Anomalous Anticyclone ◽  
Circulation Anomalies

Abstract The Northwest Pacific (NWP) anomalous anticyclone (AAC) intensifies and extends northward from El Niño decaying early to mid- summer despite the dissipating sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Indian Ocean, North Atlantic and tropical NWP. The present study investigates these two intraseasonal variations of AAC from the perspective of energetics. The efficiency of dry energy conversion from background mean flow to perturbations in the El Niño decaying mid-summer is high and well explains the intensification of El Niño-induced circulation anomalies over the East Asia (EA)-NWP. The baroclinic energy conversion plays a more dominant role in this process than barotropic energy conversion. Besides, mean state changes over the EA-NWP from early to mid- summer are found in favor of the northward shift of the preferred latitude of the circulation anomalies. Thus, the El Niño induced circulation anomalies over the EA-NWP are more northward-extended in the later period. Empirical orthogonal function analyses further confirm that the northward extension of El Niño-induced circulation anomalies over the EA-NWP stems from local optimal mode change from early to mid- summer.

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