scholarly journals Effects of storms, angling, and nest predation during angling on smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) nest success

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2649-2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey B Steinhart ◽  
Nancy J Leonard ◽  
Roy A Stein ◽  
Elizabeth A Marschall

We studied how storms, angling, and nest predation during angling affected smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) nest survival in the Bass Islands, Lake Erie, Ohio, USA. Increasing angler effort and introduction of an exotic nest predator, round goby (Neogobious melanostomus), have raised concerns about smallmouth bass recruitment in Lake Erie. We surveyed smallmouth bass nests and calculated daily survival rates for nests assigned to different angling treatments: control, angling without predation, or angling with predation treatments. Only 30% of control nests were successful compared with 11% of angling without predation and 14% of angling with predation treatments. We used the Mayfield method and maximum likelihood models in the program MARK to estimate the survival rates for nests of different treatments and exposed to different numbers of storms. Although nest predators consumed about 35% of broods during angling, daily nest survival rates of both angling treatments were similar. Angling reduced nest survival compared with controls by approximately 5%. Storms reduced both nest success and daily survival. The best model predicting daily nest survival included the added effects of angling treatment and number of storms. Thus, whereas storms and angling affected smallmouth bass nest survival, nest predation during angling did not.

The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen Jehle ◽  
Amy A. Yackel Adams ◽  
Julie A. Savidge ◽  
Susan K. Skagen

AbstractReliable estimates of nest survival are essential for assessing strategies for avian conservation. We review the history of modifications and alternatives for estimating nest survival, with a focus on four techniques: apparent nest success, the Mayfield estimator, the Stanley method, and program MARK. The widely used Mayfield method avoids the known positive bias inherent in apparent nest success by estimating daily survival rates using the number of exposure days, eliminating the need to monitor nests from initiation. Concerns that some of Mayfield's assumptions were restrictive stimulated the development of new techniques. Stanley's method allows for calculation of stage-specific daily survival rates when transition and failure dates are unknown, and eliminates Mayfield's assumption that failure occurred midway through the nest-check interval. Program MARK obviates Mayfield's assumption of constant daily survival within nesting stages and evaluates variation in nest survival as a function of biologically relevant factors. These innovative methods facilitate the evaluation of nest survival using an information-theoretic approach. We illustrate use of these methods with Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) nest data from the Pawnee National Grassland, Colorado. Nest survival estimates calculated using Mayfield, Stanley, and MARK methods were similar, but apparent nest success estimates ranged 1– 24% greater than the other estimates. MARK analysis revealed that survival of Lark Bunting nests differed between site–year groups, declined with both nest age and time in season, but did not vary with weather parameters. We encourage researchers to use these approaches to gain reliable and meaningful nest survival estimates.Estimación de la Supervivencia de Nidos: Una Revisión de las Alternativas del Estimador MayfieldResumen. Es esencial contar con estimaciones confiables de la supervivencia de nidos para evaluar las estrategias de conservación de las aves. Revisamos la historia de modificaciones y las alternativas para estimar la supervivencia de nidos, enfocándonos en cuatro técnicas: éxito aparente del nido, el estimador de Mayfield, el método de Stanley y el programa MARK. El método de Mayfield, ampliamente usado, evita el conocido sesgo positivo inherente al éxito aparente del nido mediante la estimación de tasas de supervivencia diaria usando el número de días de exposición, eliminando así la necesidad de monitorear los nidos desde el inicio. Las preocupaciones de que algunos de los supuestos del método de Mayfield son restrictivos estimularon el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas. El método de Stanley permite el cálculo de tasas de supervivencia diarias específicas para cada etapa cuando las fechas de transición y fracaso son desconocidas, y elimina el supuesto del método de Mayfield que sostiene que el fracaso ocurre en el medio del intervalo de monitoreo del nido. El programa MARK elimina el supuesto del método de Mayfield sobre supervivencia diaria constante dentro de las etapas de nidificación y evalúa la variación en la supervivencia de nidos como función de factores biológicamente relevantes. Estos métodos innovadores facilitan la evaluación de la supervivencia de nidos usando un enfoque teórico-informativo. Ilustramos el uso de estos métodos con datos de nidos de Calamospiza melanocorys provenientes de Pawnee National Grassland, Colorado. Las estimaciones de supervivencia de los nidos calculadas usando los métodos de Mayfield, Stanley y MARK fueron similares, pero las estimaciones del éxito aparente de los nidos fueron entre 1–24% mayores que las otras estimaciones. Los análisis con MARK revelaron que la supervivencia de los nidos de C. melanocorys difirió entre grupos de sitio-año, disminuyó con la edad del nido y el tiempo de la estación, pero no varió con parámetros climáticos. Estimulamos a los investigadores a usar estos enfoques para obtener estimaciones de supervivencia de nidos confiables y válidas.


2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
DT. Gressler ◽  
MÂ. Marini

Suitability of degraded areas as breeding habitats can be tested through assessment of nest predation rates. In this study we estimated nest success in relation to several potential predictors of nest survival in the Stripe-tailed Yellow-finch (Sicalis citrina) breeding in abandoned mining pits at Brasília National Park. We monitored 73 nests during the 2007-breeding season. Predation was the main cause of nest failure (n = 48, 66%); while six nests were abandoned (8%) and 19 nests produced young (26%). Mayfield’s daily survival rates and nest success were 0.94 and 23%, respectively. Our results from nest survival models on program MARK indicated that daily survival rates increase linearly towards the end of the breeding season and decrease as nests aged. None of the nest individual covariates we tested - nest height, nest size, nest substrate, and edge effect - were important predictors of nest survival; however, nests placed on the most common plant tended to have higher survival probabilities. Also, there was no observer effect on daily survival rates. Our study suggests that abandoned mining pits may be suitable alternative breeding habitats for Striped-tailed Yellow-finches since nest survival rates were similar to other studies in the central cerrado region.


The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
George L. Farnsworth ◽  
Theodore R. Simons ◽  
J. Brawn

Abstract We developed deterministic models on the basis of nest survival rates and renesting behavior capable of predicting annual fecundity in birds. The models calculate probabilities of fledging from one to four nests within a discrete breeding season. We used those models to address theoretical issues related to clutch size. In general, birds require at least one day to lay an egg, and many species delay incubation until their entire clutch is laid. Because it takes longer to complete a larger clutch, and fewer such clutches can fit into a limited breeding season, there exists a clutch size for which annual fecundity is maximized. We asked, for a given amount of reproductive effort (i.e. a set number of eggs), does the age-old maxim “don't put all your eggs in one basket” apply? If so, in how many “baskets” should a nesting bird place its eggs? The answer depends on both likelihood of nest predation and length of the breeding season. Those results are consistent with the observed increase in clutch size with latitude (shorter breeding season length) and larger clutch sizes characteristic of cavity-nesting species (with higher nest survival rates). The models also predict that the size of replacement clutches should decrease as the breeding season progresses, and that intraseasonal decline in clutch size should be more pronounced when the breeding season is short.


2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenő J Purger ◽  
Jasmina Mužinić

Background and Purpose: Diverse Mediterranean wetlands sustain a high diversity of breeding birds. Breeding success of birds nesting on protected wetlands along river Krka is also influenced by predators. The aim of our study was to explore effects of predator pressures on ground nests of strictly protected birds using artificial nest located along environmental gradient. Materials and Methods: In May 2004 in locality Čulišićke bare, by placing out three batches of 25 artificially constructed ground nests in three different habitats: reed bed, marsh and meadow. The nests contained three chicken (real) eggs for the evaluation of nest predation rates, and plasticine (artificial) eggs for predator identification from tooth and bill imprints. Results and Conclusions: The number of nests depredated during one week was highest in wetland habitats: 52% was depredated in the marsh and 32% in the reed bed. However, a much lower damage rate (16%) was experienced in the meadow. The daily survival rate of nests did not differ significantly between the reed bed (0.95) and the marsh (0.91). However, the daily survival rates of nests in the meadow (0.98) was significantly higher (z = 2.49 P = 0.01) than in the marsh, bat no difference was found with comparing with the reed bed. Predators were difficult to determine because plasticine eggs usually disappeared from the nests in the reed bed. In the marsh and the meadow, primary predators were smaller birds, whereas small mammals were also important in the marsh. Nests in which predators succeeded in breaking at least one egg were later destroyed most by Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix). To apply these results for bird protection, the breeding success of certain threatened bird species should be monitored for a longer period.


2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott. McKinley ◽  
J. Steve Griffiths ◽  
Henry E. Kowalyk ◽  
Gerry R. McKenna ◽  
Steven J. Cooke

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