Imbalance of fatty acids in the base of the Baltic Sea food web — a mesocosm study

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2240-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnel Ahlgren ◽  
Lies Van Nieuwerburgh ◽  
Ingrid Wänstrand ◽  
Marianne Pedersén ◽  
Merike Boberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Web ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Phytoplankton Diversity ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Salmon Eggs ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
The Baltic

A reproductive disturbance in Baltic Sea Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), the M74 syndrome, has been reported since early 1970s and has occasionally caused up to 90% mortality for newborn fry. Previous research has revealed that the M74 syndrome may be due to reduced levels of the vitamin thiamin, the carotenoid astaxanthin, and elevated ratios of ω3/ω6 fatty acids in salmon eggs. Using mesocosm experiments, we compared the quantity (µg·L–1) and quality (mg·g–1 C) of fatty acids in microalgae and copepods in the southern Baltic Sea where the M74 syndrome is common with those in a habitat in the Norwegian Sea where the syndrome has not been observed. Daily additions were made of the nutrients N and P or N, P, and Si, copepods were added after 6–7 days, and nutrient additions were stopped after 9–10 days. Flagellates dominated completely in the Baltic Sea, whereas higher phytoplankton diversity was found in the Norwegian Sea. We found elevated ω3/ω6 ratios in phytoplankton and abnormally high docosahexaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratios (22:6ω3/20:4ω6) in copepods in the Baltic Sea mesocosms compared with those in the Norwegian Sea. Our results suggest that imbalance in fatty acid composition may prevail in the basic food web of the Baltic Sea.

scholarly journals An ecosystem model of food web and fisheries interactions in the Baltic Sea

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J Harvey ◽  
Sean P Cox ◽  
Timothy E Essington ◽  
Sture Hansson ◽  
James F Kitchell
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Trophic Relationships ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract Because fisheries operate within a complex array of species interactions, scientists increasingly recommend multispecies approaches to fisheries management. We created a food web model for the Baltic Sea proper, using the Ecopath with Ecosim software, to evaluate interactions between fisheries and the food web from 1974 to 2000. The model was based largely on values generated by multispecies virtual population analysis (MSVPA). Ecosim outputs closely reproduced MSVPA biomass estimates and catch data for sprat (Sprattus sprattus), herring (Clupea harengus), and cod (Gadus morhua), but only after making adjustments to cod recruitment, to vulnerability to predation of specific species, and to foraging times. Among the necessary adjustments were divergent trophic relationships between cod and clupeids: cod exhibited top-down control on sprat biomass, but had little influence on herring. Fishing, the chief source of mortality for cod and herring, and cod reproduction, as driven by oceanographic conditions as well as unexplained variability, were also key structuring forces. The model generated many hypotheses about relationships between key biota in the Baltic Sea food web and may ultimately provide a basis for estimating community responses to management actions.

Multivariate analysis of the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the marine pelagic food web from the southern part of the Baltic Sea, Poland

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 929-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Falandysz ◽  
Barbara Wyrzykowska ◽  
Lidia Strandberg ◽  
Tomasz Puzyn ◽  
Bo Strandberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Web ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Pelagic Food Web ◽  
The Baltic

Food web responses to eutrophication control in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 435 ◽  
pp. 109249
Author(s):  
Henrik Skov ◽  
Erik Kock Rasmussen ◽  
Jonne Kotta ◽  
Anne Lise Middelboe ◽  
Thomas Uhrenholdt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Eutrophication Control ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 879-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rauthe-Schöch ◽  
A. Weigelt ◽  
M. Hermann ◽  
B. G. Martinsson ◽  
A. K. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Volcanic Clouds ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over the Baltic Sea and Southern Sweden on 20 April. Two more flights followed: one over Ireland and the Irish Sea on 16 May and the other over the Norwegian Sea on 19 May 2010. During these three special mission flights the CARIBIC container proved its merits as a comprehensive flying laboratory. The elemental composition of particles collected over the Baltic Sea during the first flight (20 April) indicated the presence of volcanic ash. Over Northern Ireland and the Irish Sea (16 May), the DOAS system detected SO2 and BrO co-located with volcanic ash particles that increased the aerosol optical depth. Over the Norwegian Sea (19 May), the optical particle counter detected a strong increase of particles larger than 400 nm diameter in a region where ash clouds were predicted by aerosol dispersion models. Aerosol particle samples collected over the Irish Sea and the Norwegian Sea showed large relative enhancements of the elements silicon, iron, titanium and calcium. Non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations in whole air samples collected on 16 and 19 May 2010 showed a pattern of removal of several hydrocarbons that is typical for chlorine chemistry in the volcanic clouds. Comparisons of measured ash concentrations and simulations with the FLEXPART dispersion model demonstrate the difficulty of detailed volcanic ash dispersion modelling due to the large variability of the volcanic cloud sources, extent and patchiness as well as the thin ash layers formed in the volcanic clouds.

scholarly journals CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic plumes in April/May 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 16693-16744 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rauthe-Schöch ◽  
A. Weigelt ◽  
M. Hermann ◽  
B. G. Martinsson ◽  
A. K. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
The Baltic

Abstract. The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over the Baltic Sea and Southern Sweden on 20 April. Two more flights followed: one over Ireland and the Irish Sea on 16 May and the other over the Norwegian Sea on 19 May 2010. During these three special mission flights the CARIBIC container proved its merits as a versatile and comprehensive flying laboratory. The elemental composition of particles collected over the Baltic Sea during the first flight (20 April) indicated the presence of volcanic ash. Over Northern Ireland and the Irish Sea (16 May), the DOAS system detected SO2 and BrO co-located with volcanic ash particles that increased the aerosol optical depth. Over the Norwegian Sea (19 May), the optical particle counter detected a strong increase of particles larger than 400 nm diameter in a region where ash clouds were predicted by aerosol dispersion models. Aerosol particle samples collected over the Irish Sea and the Norwegian Sea showed large relative enhancements of the elements silicon, iron, titanium and calcium. Non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations in whole air samples collected on 16 May and 19 May 2010 showed a pattern of removal of several hydrocarbons that is typical for chlorine chemistry in the plumes. Comparisons of measured ash concentrations and simulations with the FLEXPART dispersion model demonstrate the difficulty of detailed volcanic ash dispersion modelling due to the large variability of the volcanic plume sources, extent and patchiness as well as the thin ash layers formed in the volcanic plumes.

scholarly journals Review of food web indicators for the Baltic Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ojaveer ◽  
S. Neuenfeldt ◽  
M. Eero ◽  
L. Uusitalo
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Web ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic

scholarly journals Ecology and Distribution of the Isopod Genus Idotea in the Baltic Sea: Key Species in a Changing Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Leidenberger ◽  
Karin Harding ◽  
Per R. Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Key Species ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractMarine isopods of the genus Idotea [I. balthica (Pallas, 1772), I. chelipes (Pallas, 1766), and I. granulosa Rathke, 1843] are common meso-grazers that enter deep into the Baltic Sea and here appear to live at their physiological limit, determined by salinity and temperature tolerance. We review available data on distribution and community ecology to assess the functional role of Idoteain the Baltic Sea and how global change may affect essential ecological interactions. Data from the last 150 years suggest an on-going shift southward for I. chelipes and I. granulosa that may be caused by a changing climate. Several studies report local extinctions and mass abundances, which may be caused by a changing food web from over-fishing and eutrophication. The three species of Idotea have clear habitat segregation in the Baltic Sea, where salinity, temperature and vegetation are the main dimensions. Idotea spp. have a central role as grazers and in communities dominated by the perennial macrophytes Fucus spp. and Zostera marina and attain impressive feeding rates on a range of epiphytes/filamentous algae (top-down effect). Idotea can have both a direct negative grazing effect on macrophytes but also an indirect positive effect by removing epiphytes. The relative role of nutritional value and chemical defence for food preference is yet unclear for Idotea. Baltic idoteids are also important prey for several fish (bottom-up effect) and fish predation may have increased following overfishing of piscivorous fish. It is concluded that Idotea is a key taxon in the Baltic Sea food web, where guilds often contain few dominant species. Changes in population dynamics of Idotea, as a function of human generated global change, may have large-scale consequences for ecosystem functions in a future Baltic Sea, e.g. the extent of vegetation cover in the coastal zone.

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