Genetic and demographic implications of aquaculture in white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) conservation

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1733-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette I Jager
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
White Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Transmontanus ◽  
Simulation Experiments ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Genetic Swamping

This study uses a genetic individual-based model of white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) populations in a river to examine the genetic and demographic trade-offs associated with operating a conservation hatchery. Simulation experiments evaluated three management practices: (i) setting quotas to equalize family contributions in an effort to prevent genetic swamping, (ii) an adaptive management scheme that interrupts stocking when introgression exceeds a specified threshold, and (iii) alternative broodstock selection strategies that influence domestication. The first set of simulations, designed to evaluate equalizing the genetic contribution of families, did not show the genetic benefits expected. The second set of simulations showed that simulated adaptive management was not successful in controlling introgression over the long term, especially with uncertain feedback. The third set of simulations compared the effects of three alternative broodstock selection strategies on domestication for hypothetical traits controlling early density-dependent survival. Simulated aquaculture selected for a density-tolerant phenotype when broodstock were taken from a genetically connected population. Using broodstock from an isolated population (i.e., above an upstream barrier or in a different watershed) was more effective at preventing domestication than using wild broodstock from a connected population.

Ontario, Canada’s LTSP Experience: Forging Lasting Research Partnerships and the Adaptive Management Cycle in Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-351
Author(s):  
Dave M Morris ◽  
Rob L Fleming ◽  
Paul W Hazlett
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Policy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
The North

Abstract In this paper, we summarize Ontario’s Long-term Soil Productivity (LTSP) experience focusing on our efforts to forge lasting research partnerships, highlight the approaches we feel were effective in getting emerging science into forest policy within an adaptive management (AM) framework, and describe the future direction of Ontario’s LTSP program as new policy issues are emerging as part of the continuous AM cycle. Fourteen installations were established on nutrient-poor, conifer-dominated sites, considered to be the most sensitive to increased biomass removals. From 1993 to 1995, all sites were clearcut-harvested, with replicated (three reps per site) biomass removal treatments that included: stem only, full-tree, and full-tree + forest floor removal. Routine (every 5 years) measurements have been carried out to track changes in soil carbon and nutrient levels, as well as stand- and individual-tree growth and development metrics and foliar nutrition. The published results from Ontario’s LTSP program, in combination with the North American-wide LTSP synthesis outputs, have suggested that these nutrient-poor, conifer-dominated sites are less sensitive to biomass (nutrient) removals than previously thought. The evidence provided through peer-reviewed publications, conference and workshop presentations, and field tours was substantive and led to a review and revision of the full-tree logging direction within Ontario’s guidelines. We conclude with a set of recommendations (lessons learned) for the successful delivery of any new long-term, interdisciplinary research projects examining the sustainability of forest-management practices.

scholarly journals Ensuring the Long-Term Provision of Heathland Ecosystem Services—The Importance of a Functional Perspective in Management Decision Frameworks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Walmsley ◽  
Benjamin M. Delory ◽  
Isabel Alonso ◽  
Vicky M. Temperton ◽  
Werner Härdtle
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Heathland Management ◽  
Sod Cutting ◽  
Decision Frameworks

The ecosystem services framework can be used as a way of balancing economic, ecological and societal drivers in land management decision-making processes. As heathland management is typically linked directly to services, the aim of this study was to quantify trade-offs related to the effects of five common heathland management measures (grazing, mowing, burning, choppering, and sod-cutting) using quantitative data from empirical studies within a northwestern heathland in Germany. Besides important services (groundwater recharge and quality, carbon stocks and appreciation by the general public) we included ecosystem functions (balances of nitrogen, phosphorus and major cations) and the net cost of management implementation as trade-off components. We found that all management practices have advantages and disadvantages leading to unavoidable trade-offs. The effect of a management practice on the trade-off components was often closely related to the amount of biomass and/or soil removed during a management cycle (Rannual). Choppering and sod-cutting (large Rannual by involving soil removal) were very good at maintaining a low N system whilst concurrently increasing groundwater recharge, albeit at the cost of all other components considered. If the aim is to preserve heathlands and their associated ecosystem services in the long-term this trade-off is inevitable, as currently only these high-intensity measures are capable of removing enough nitrogen from the system to prevent the transition to non-heather dominated habitat types. Our study, therefore, shows that in order to maintain structural integrity and thereby the service potential a habitat provides, management decision frameworks may need to prioritize ecosystem functioning over ecosystem services. Burning and mowing (low Rannual) were best at retaining phosphorus, cations and carbon and had the lowest costs. Grazing (intermediate Rannual) provided the highest relative benefit in terms of groundwater quality and appreciation. Together these results can help identify management combinations in both space and time, which will be more beneficial for functions and services than management practices considered in isolation. Furthermore, our study assists in recognizing key areas of action for the development of novel management practices and can help raise awareness of the diversity of rare species and potential benefits to people that protected cultural landscapes provide.

scholarly journals Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Practices to Achieve Long Term and Sustainable Organization’s Goals: Case of Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Candra ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Enterprise Risk Management ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Enterprise Risk ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
Iso 31000

Every choice made in the pursuit of objectives has its risks. From day-to-day operational decisions to the fundamental trade-offs in the boardroom, dealing with uncertainty in these choices is a part of the organizational lives. A strategy is nothing more than a commitment to a set of coherent, mutually reinforcing policies or behaviours aimed at achieving a specific competitive goal. In order to ensure the implementation of efforts and the allocation of resources to achieve strategic goals, top management should conduct integrated risk management practices to all activities/initiatives of the organization’s management, both individually and collectively. Risk management is an intrinsic part of business planning and decision making. No direction is taken without looking at the potential risks and comparing them against the organization’s risk appetite. This paper aims to research in general the practice of enterprise risk management within Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) as a well-known and public-state-owned university in Indonesia. This research concludes that the enterprise risk management implementation is not fully implemented yet within ITB as an enterprise. Almost all respondents agree that the implementation of enterprise risk management has a positive and significant influence on the organization’s objectives achievement. Improving university performance overall will require an effective enterprise risk management practice. Author highly recommends ITB to adopt risk management practice based on ISO-31000 standard, and it can be combined with other risk management standards available nowadays if necessary. ITB needs to start the implementation at the soonest as possible, in order to maintain its strategic position as a top university in Indonesia, increase its competitive advantages to compete in the global scale, and at the same time achieving its vision and mission in a long-term and sustainable manner.

scholarly journals Long-term Central Waikato summer-autumn rainfall and pasture growth trends. Are conditions for pasture growth changing over time?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Glassey ◽  
Grant Wills ◽  
Kieran McCahon ◽  
Mike Dodd ◽  
David Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Moisture Deficit Stress

Farmers in the upper North Island are concerned about the poor productivity of their perennial ryegrass pastures beyond 3 years and suggest this is linked to a trend towards drier conditions for pasture growth during summer and autumn. To explore how conditions for pasture growth and survival have changed, trends in rainfall (measured and interpolated; c. 1954 to 2020), frequency of soil moisture deficit stress on pasture growth (1972-2020), and pasture growth rates (simulated 1977-2020, and measured c. 1979-2020) were compiled for summer-autumn months (November to April) for two Waikato locations: DairyNZ Ruakura/Scott Farm near Hamilton; and a commercial farm at Paratu Road between Morrinsville and Matamata. Significant negative linear trends were observed for interpolated rainfall (Paratu Road only), total stress days (both sites) and simulated pasture growth (both sites). No significant trend in measured pasture growth was observed for either site, suggesting adaptive management has cushioned the physical effects of harsher climatic conditions. The suite of adaptive management practices adopted on the Paratu Road farm is described. Analysis of decadal patterns indicated greater variability in rainfall in the decade 2011-2020 (coefficient of variation ranging from 32% to 36% depending on site and data source, versus ~ 22% in earlier decades) and a significantly higher number of stress days in the decade 2011-2020 compared with the 1970s and 1980s at Paratu Road. Further adaptation strategies will be needed to mitigate these most-recent trends, should they continue as predicted by climate change forecasts.

scholarly journals Selecting Heat-Tolerant Corals for Proactive Reef Restoration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Caruso ◽  
Kira Hughes ◽  
Crawford Drury
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Project Design ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Coral Holobiont ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Coral reef restoration is an attractive tool for the management of degraded reefs; however, conventional restoration approaches will not be effective under climate change. More proactive restoration approaches must integrate future environmental conditions into project design to ensure long-term viability of restored corals during worsening bleaching events. Corals exist along a continuum of stress-tolerant phenotypes that can be leveraged to enhance the thermal resilience of reefs through selective propagation of heat-tolerant colonies. Several strategies for selecting thermally tolerant stock are currently available and range broadly in scalability, cost, reproducibility, and specificity. Different components of the coral holobiont have different utility to practitioners as diagnostics and drivers of long-term phenotypes, so selection strategies can be tailored to the resources and goals of individual projects. There are numerous unknowns and potential trade-offs to consider, but we argue that a focus on thermal tolerance is critical because corals that do not survive bleaching cannot contribute to future reef communities at all. Selective propagation uses extant corals and can be practically incorporated into existing restoration frameworks, putting researchers in a position to perform empirical tests and field trials now while there is still a window to act.

Co-infection of Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 (AciHV-2) and Streptococcus iniae in cultured white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus

2017 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Soto ◽  
C Richey ◽  
B Stevens ◽  
S Yun ◽  
K Kenelty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Transmontanus ◽  
Streptococcus Iniae
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document