Molecular and morphological variation within swim bladder nematodes, Cystidicola spp.

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1143-1152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson E Miscampbell ◽  
Murray W Lankester ◽  
Martin L Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
Cystidicola Farionis ◽  
Distinct Morphology ◽  
Rdna Analysis

We sequenced four rDNA regions (ITS-1, ITS-2, 5.8S, and D3 region of 28S) from the parasitic nematode Cystidicola spp. from seven species of fish host and 11 locations in Canada and Finland to elucidate suspected unresolved genetic variation within the genus. A holarctic species, Cystidicola farionis from the swim bladder of Salmonidae and Osmeridae, and a nearctic species, Cystidicola stigmatura from trout and char (Salvelinus spp.), differ in life history, host and geographic range, reproductive strategy, and adult and egg morphology. These nematodes were identical at three rDNA regions (ITS-1, 5.8S, and D3); however, two ITS-2 variants were found that differed at four nucleotide positions: variant I (366 bp) was found in British Columbia populations of C. farionis and in C. stigmatura and variant II (369 bp) was found in Ontario and Finnish populations of C. farionis. These results demonstrate that two species with distinct morphology and biology can have identical rDNA sequences, while two morphologically identical isolates have different ITS-2 sequences. Thus, rDNA spacer regions may not be useful for distinguishing biologically valid species or subspecies in some nematode groups. Although phenotypic variation suggested a third undescribed species of Cystidicola from lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), rDNA analysis did not provide meaningful evidence of its uniqueness.

Host specificity and distribution of the swim-bladder nematodes, Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798 and C. cristivomeri White, 1941 (Habronematoidea), in salmonid fishes of Ontario

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1298-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W. Lankester ◽  
John D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Host Record ◽  
Oncorhynchus Gorbuscha ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Record ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Cystidicola Farionis

Cystidicola farionis is reported in Coregonus clupeaformis, C. artedii, C. hoyi, C. nigripinnus (new host record), Prosopium cylindraceum, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (new North American record), O. kisutch, O. tshawytscha (new host record), Salmo gairdneri, S. trutta, Salvelinus fontinalis, S. namaycush, S. namaycush × S. fontinalis, and Osmerus mordax. The last five fishes listed, however, are considered unsuitable hosts for C. farionis as few, if any, worms reached sexual maturity in these hosts. Coregonus clupeaformis is also unsuitable as a host for C. farionis in lakes Superior and Nipigon. The swim-bladder nematode that matures in lake whitefish in Lake Huron and some inland lakes in northwestern Ontario may be a new species.Factors that may affect the abundance of C. farionis in various fishes are examined and the relative importance of different amphipods as sources of infection is discussed.Cystidicola cristivomeri matures only in hosts of the genus Salvelinus, including S. namaycush and S. alpinus, and is reported here for the first time in S. fontinalis.Ulcerations in the wall of the swim-bladder were seen only in S. gairdneri infected with C. farionis and in S. namaycush infected with C. cristivomeri. The lesions apparently resulted when unusually large numbers of swim-bladder nematodes were present.

A Revision of the Genus Cystidicola Fischer, 1798 (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) of the Swim Bladder of Fishes

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Ko ◽  
Roy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
As Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Cystidicola Farionis ◽  
Species Inquirendae

The systematics of the species of the genus Cystidicola Fischer, 1798, parasites of the swim bladder of physostomous fishes, is revised. Cystidicola farionis Fischer, 1798, C. cristivomeri White, 1941, and C. stigmatura (Leidy, 1886) Ward and Magath, 1917, are considered to be the only valid species in the world. These three species are redescribed. Cystidicola farionis is morphologically indistinguishable from C. stigmatura but the two species are tentatively regarded as distinct until more data on their biology are available. Cystidicola brevicauda Fujita, 1939, and C. mesopi Fujita, 1940, are not members of Cystidicola but they cannot be assigned to any other genus. Cystidicola lepisostei Hunter and Bangham, 1933, is a member of Cystidicola but should be regarded as a species inquirendae. Cystidicola minuta Rhodhain and Vuylsteke, 1934, and C. serratus (Wright, 1879) Railliet, 1916, are regarded as species inquirendae of the genus Rhabdochona. The literature on numerous other species assigned at various times to Cystidicola is reviewed. The host and geographical distribution of the valid members of Cystidicola are reviewed.

Fertilization state ofAscaris suumdetermined by electrorotation

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dalton ◽  
A.D. Goater ◽  
H.V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Egg Morphology ◽  
Parasite Biology ◽  
Response Modelling ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractElectrorotation is a non-invasive technique that is capable of detecting changes in the morphology and physicochemical properties of microorganisms. The first detailed electrorotation study of the egg (ovum) of a parasitic nematode, namelyAscaris suumis described to show that electrorotation can rapidly differentiate between fertilized and non-fertilized eggs. Support for this conclusion is by optical microscopy of egg morphology, and also from modelling of the electrorotational response. Modelling was used to determine differences in the dielectric properties of the unfertilized and fertilized eggs, and also to investigate specific differences in the spectra of fertilized eggs only, potentially reflecting embryogenesis. The potential of electrorotation as an investigative tool is shown, as undamaged eggs can be subjected to further non-destructive and destructive techniques, which could provide further insight into parasite biology and epidemiology.

Whirling Disease: Reviews and Current Topics

2002 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Myxobolus Cerebralis ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
The One

<em>ABSTRACT. Myxobolus cerebralis </em>possesses unique phenotypic and genotypic characteristics when compared with other histozoic parasites from the phylum Myxozoa. The parasite infects the cartilage and thereby induces a serious and potentially lethal disease in salmonid fish. Comparisons of the small subunit ribosomal DNA (ssu rDNA) sequences of <em>M. cerebralis </em>to other myxozoans demonstrate that the parasite has evolved separately from other <em>Myxobolus </em>spp. that may appear in cartilage or nervous tissues of the fish host. <em>Myxobolus cerebralis </em>has a complex life cycle involving two hosts and numerous developmental stages that may divide by mitosis, endogeny, or plasmotomy, and, at one stage, by meiosis. In the salmonid host, the parasite undergoes extensive migration from initial sites of attachment to the epidermis, through the nervous system, to reach cartilage, the site where sporogenesis occurs. During this migration, parasite numbers may increase by replication. Sporogenesis is initiated by autogamy, a process typical of pansporoblastic myxosporean development that involves the union of the one cell (pericyte) with another (sporogonic). Following this union, the sporogonic cell will give rise to all subsequent cells that differentiate into the lenticular shaped spore with a diameter of approximately 10 µm. This spore or myxospore is an environmentally resistant stage characterized by two hardened valves surrounding two polar capsules with coiled filaments and a binucleate sporoplasm cell. In the fish, these spores are found only in cartilage where they reside until released from fish that die or are consumed by other fish or fish-eating animals (e.g., birds). Spores reaching the aquatic sediments can be ingested and hatch in susceptible oligochaete hosts. The released sporoplasm invades and then resides between cells of the intestinal mucosa. In contrast to the parasite in the fish host, the parasite in the oligochaete undergoes the entire developmental cycle in this location. This developmental cycle involves merogony, gametogamy or the formation of haploid gametes, and sporogony. The actinosporean spores, formed at the culmination of this development, are released into the lumen of the intestine, prior to discharging into the aquatic environment. The mechanisms underlying the complex development of <em>M. cerebralis</em>, and its interactions with both hosts, are poorly understood. Recent advances, however, are providing insights into the factors that mediate certain phases of the infection. In this review, we consider known and recently obtained information on the taxonomy, development, and life cycle of the parasite.

Migration and development of swim-bladder nematodes, Cystidicola spp. (Habronematoidea), in their definitive hosts

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1997-2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff A. Black ◽  
Murray W. Lankester
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Migration And Development

Third-stage larvae of Cystidicola cristivomeri White, 1941, and C. farionis Fischer, 1798, migrated directly via the pneumatic duct to the swim bladder of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, and rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, respectively. Larvae reached the swim bladder as early as 16 h after fish were infected using a stomach tube. At 4–10 °C, mature male and female C. cristivomeri and C. farionis were first recovered 67 and 210 days, and 112 and 235 days, respectively, after infection. Cystidicola cristivomeri is probably long-lived; there was no evidence that any died in lake trout infected for up to 600 days.Large numbers of third-stage cystidicolid larvae accumulated without maturing in the swim bladder of naturally infected lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, from Lake Nipigon, northwestern Ontario. When given to rainbow trout, these larvae matured and the adult nematodes were identical to C. farionis. These results suggest that the swim-bladder nematode that matures in lake whitefish is a distinct species.

Widespread infection of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis with the swimbladder nematode Cystidicola farionis in northern lakes Michigan and Huron

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 18-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Faisal ◽  
Walied Fayed ◽  
Travis O. Brenden ◽  
Abdelaziz Noor ◽  
Mark P. Ebener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Cystidicola Farionis

scholarly journals Taxonomic problems in the subgenus Meloehelea Wirth of the genus Atrichopogon Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) inferred from both morphological and molecular characters

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Tóthová ◽  
Jan Knoz ◽  
Radim Sonnek ◽  
Josef Bryja ◽  
Jaromír Vaňhara
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
European Species ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
16S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Molecular Characters

The classification of Meloehelea (Ceratopogonidae) species is based on morphological characters. The taxonomic revision of generally well-known species recovered interesting facts on possible geographic intraspecific variability or on the presence of an additional valid species. In this study, 5 European species and 2 species from the U.S.A. and Canada have been compared based on their morphological characters. Subsequently, the 16S rDNA sequences analyses of well known European species have been performed to confirm the characters mentioned in the determination key ofthis subgenus. Although, this study was limited by the number of examined non-European specimens, it provides some interesting facts on the possible morphological variability of well-known species and also an initial phylogenetic backbone for the progressive reconstruction of infrageneric relationships within the genus Atrichopogon.

Effects of a muscle-infecting parasitic nematode on the locomotor performance of their fish host

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1250-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Umberger ◽  
I. de Buron ◽  
W. A. Roumillat ◽  
E. J. McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Locomotor Performance

scholarly journals Philometra rubra (Nematoda: Philometridae) — first description of the male from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and implications for re-introduction of an extirpated population

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
L.N. Measures ◽  
F. Moravec ◽  
S. Douglas ◽  
S. Lair
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Body Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Philometra rubra (Leidy, 1856) is a pathogenic parasitic nematode infecting striped bass (Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792)) in eastern North America. Identification of philometrids is difficult, male P. rubra have never been found, and transmission is poorly understood. To re-establish the “Extirpated” striped bass population in the St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE), Quebec, young-of-the-year (YOY) striped bass from the Miramichi River, New Brunswick, were collected and released into the SLE. The present study was undertaken to find Philometra in striped bass from the Miramichi River, for identification, description, and examine transmission and lesions. Philometra rubra was identified in 100% of 32 YOY (intensity = 26–125) and 100% of nine 1-year-old (intensity = 4–25 in five striped bass) striped bass collected in summer 2011. The swim bladder and body cavity were sites of infection in YOY with no tissue response observed histopathologically. Gravid P. rubra females occurred in the body cavity and swim bladder, with males predominately in the latter site. Males were short-lived, being absent in 1-year-old bass. Adult male and adult female P. rubra are described. Males of P. rubra can be distinguished from other described species based on spicule, gubernaculum, and body-length measurements. This parasite may have implications for the re-introduction program and conservation of striped bass in the SLE and in other populations.

THE FIRST FILLING OF THE SWIM BLADDER IN SALMONOIDS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Swim Bladder ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Relative Ease

Salmo trutta, S. gairdneri, Cristivomer namaycush, and Coregonus clupeaformis failed to fill their swim bladders while being reared without access to an air surface for 84, 50, 22, and 56 weeks after hatching, respectively. When given access to an air surface they filled them. It is concluded that, like other physostomes, they must swallow air for the initial filling, but even if filling is delayed their pneumatic ducts remain open. In control trout, filling occurred at the beginning of feeding, and in whitefish controls, 2 to 3 months after hatching (at 20–22 mm length). Lake trout fry with unfilled swim bladders swam up vertical distances ranging up to 900 ft without marked fatigue, indicating that fish hatched in deep water can swim to the surface with relative ease to fill their swim bladders.

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