Differential reproductive success of sympatric, naturally spawning hatchery and wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through the adult stage

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E McLean ◽  
Paul Bentzen ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Domestication Selection ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Differential Reproductive Success

We used multilocus microsatellite analysis to compare the reproductive success of naturally spawning wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a newly established sympatric hatchery population in Forks Creek, Washington, U.S.A. Hatchery steelhead spawning in the wild had markedly lower reproductive success than native wild steelhead. Wild females that spawned in 1996 produced 9 times as many adult offspring per capita as did hatchery females that spawned in the wild. Wild females that spawned in 1997 produced 42 times as many adult offspring as hatchery females. The wild steelhead population more than met replacement requirements (approximately 3.7–6.7 adult offspring were produced per female), but the hatchery steelhead were far below replacement requirements (<0.5 adults per female). The survival differential was greatest in the freshwater environment (i.e., production of seaward-migrating juveniles), but survival at sea favored the hatchery population in 1 year and the wild population in the next. The poor performance of the hatchery population may be a consequence of spawning too early in the winter, generations of inadvertent domestication selection, or a combination of these two.

Bias and significance of relative reproductive success estimates based on steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) data: a Bayesian meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1827-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Kitada ◽  
Hirohisa Kishino ◽  
Katsuyuki Hamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Log Normal

The evaluation of the reproductive success (RS) of hatchery fish in the wild is one of the most important issues in hatchery supplementation, aquaculture, and conservation. Estimates of the relative reproductive success (RRS) have been used to evaluate RS. Because RRS may vary greatly depending on cross, years of release, and environmental conditions, we introduced a log-normal distribution to quantify the variation. The classical estimator of RRS based on multiple measurements is contrasted with the mean of this distribution. We derived the mean, variance, and relative bias and applied our Bayesian hierarchical model to 42 empirical RRS estimates of steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in the Hood River, Oregon, USA. The RRS estimate generally had an upward bias. Although the average level of RRS implied the reproductive decline of hatchery fish and wild-born hatchery descendants, we could not reject the null hypothesis that hatchery fish and their descendants have the same chance of having smaller RS than wild fish as they do of having larger RS than wild fish.

No evidence for large differences in genomic methylation between wild and hatchery steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Blouin ◽  
Virginie Thuillier ◽  
Becky Cooper ◽  
Vindhya Amarasinghe ◽  
Laura Cluzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Domestication Selection ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Genomic Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

When salmonid fish that have been raised in hatcheries spawn in the wild, they often produce fewer surviving adult offspring than wild fish. Recent data from steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in the Hood River (Oregon, USA) show that even one or two generations of hatchery culture can result in dramatic declines in fitness. Although intense domestication selection could cause such declines, it is worth considering alternative explanations. One possibility is heritable epigenetic changes induced by the hatchery environment. Here, we show, using methylation-sensitive amplified fragment length polymorphism, that hatchery and wild adult steelhead from the Hood River do not appear to differ substantially in overall levels of genomic methylation. Thus, although altered methylation of specific DNA sites or other epigenetic processes could still be important, the hatchery environment does not appear to cause a global hypo- or hypermethylation of the genome or create a large number of sites that are differentially methylated.

Electrophoretic comparison of the reproductive success of naturally spawning transplanted and wild steelhead trout through the returning adult stage

Aquaculture ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Leider ◽  
Patrick L. Hulett ◽  
John J. Loch ◽  
Mark W. Chilcote
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Steelhead Trout

The effects of high rearing density on the potential for domestication selection in hatchery culture of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1829-1834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil F. Thompson ◽  
Michael S. Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Domestication Selection ◽  
In The Wild

Hatchery-reared steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) often have lower fitness than natural-origin fish when spawning in the wild. Fitness loss in hatcheries is partly due to genetic adaptation to captivity (domestication), but the underlying selection pressures driving adaptation remain unknown. Circumstantial evidence suggests that adaptation to hatcheries is accelerated when fish are reared at high density. We hypothesized two mechanisms by which high rearing densities could accelerate adaptation to the hatchery. First, high density could increase the among-family component of variation in fork length, which could increase the opportunity for selection after release. Second, a growth trade-off in fork length among families could occur across densities (family-by-environment interaction). We raised the same set of families, in replicate, at each of two densities. We found main effects of density (high density reduced body size) and family (accounted for 33%–53% of variance in size at release) on juvenile fork length. However, high density did not increase the percentage of variance in fork length among families, and there was weak evidence for a family-by-environment interaction. We propose an alternate model of how increased density might exacerbate domestication selection. The relationship between size at release and probability of survival is strongly nonlinear (almost truncational) for steelhead. Because high density decreases the fork lengths of all families approximately equally, high density could simply reduce the number of families that are above a threshold for high survival, resulting in strong among-family selection after release from the hatchery.

The effects of adult length and arrival date on individual reproductive success in wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd R Seamons ◽  
Paul Bentzen ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Offspring Size ◽  
Natural Setting ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Arrival Date ◽  
Affected Offspring ◽  
Genetically Determined

To determine the relative importance of adult size and arrival date for reproductive success in a natural setting, we first genetically determined relationships between all spawning adult steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and juvenile offspring in four brood years and then tested hypothesized relationships between parents' phenotypes and the number and size of their juvenile offspring. Patterns of reproductive success varied among years, but in all cases, a few adults of each sex produced most of the offspring. The number of offspring showed a weak, positive relationship to the mother's size but not to her arrival date. Paternal reproductive success varied considerably but was only weakly associated with size in 1998 and weakly related to arrival date in 2000. In 1997, 1998, and 1999, the offspring of early-spawning females were larger at the end of their first and second summers in the stream; however, in 2000, both arrival date and length were positively related to offspring size. There was no general trend in offspring size in relation to paternal size or arrival date; however, paternal length affected offspring size in 1998 and male arrival date affected offspring size in 2000.

scholarly journals Offspring of first-generation hatchery steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grow faster in the hatchery than offspring of wild fish, but survive worse in the wild: Possible mechanisms for inadvertent domestication and fitness loss in hatchery salmon

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0257407
Author(s):  
Michael S. Blouin ◽  
Madeleine C. Wrey ◽  
Stephanie R. Bollmann ◽  
James C. Skaar ◽  
Ronald G. Twibell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
In The Wild

Salmonid fish raised in hatcheries often have lower fitness (number of returning adult offspring) than wild fish when both spawn in the wild. Body size at release from hatcheries is positively correlated with survival at sea. So one explanation for reduced fitness is that hatcheries inadvertently select for trait values that enhance growth rate under the unnatural environment of a hatchery, but that are maladaptive in the wild environment. A simple prediction of this hypothesis is that juveniles of hatchery origin should grow more quickly than fish of wild origin under hatchery conditions, but should have lower survival under wild conditions. We tested that hypothesis using multiple full sibling families of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that were spawned using either two wild parents (WxW) or two first-generation hatchery (HxH) parents. Offspring from all the families were grown together under hatchery conditions and under semi-natural conditions in artificial streams. HxH families grew significantly faster in the hatchery, but had significantly lower survival in the streams. That we see this tradeoff after only a single generation of selection suggests that the traits involved are under very strong selection. We also considered one possible alteration to the hatchery environment that might reduce the intensity of selection among families in size at release. Here we tested whether reducing the fat content of hatchery feed would reduce the variance among families in body size. Although fish raised under a low-fat diet were slightly smaller, the variation among families in final size was unchanged. Thus, there is no evidence that reducing the fat content of hatchery feed would reduce the opportunity for selection among families on size at release.

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