Stream temperature responses to clearcut logging in British Columbia: the moderating influences of groundwater and headwater lakes

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1886-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Mellina ◽  
R Dan Moore ◽  
Scott G Hinch ◽  
J Stevenson Macdonald ◽  
Greg Pearson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Headwater Lakes ◽  
Clearcut Logging ◽  
To Come ◽  
Temperature Responses

Although the future timber supply in the northern hemisphere is expected to come from boreal and subboreal forests, little research has been conducted in these regions that examines the temperature responses of small, lake-headed streams to streamside timber harvesting. We examined the temperature patterns of two subboreal outlet streams in north-central British Columbia for 1 year before and 3 years after clearcut logging and found only modest changes (averaging 0.05–1.1°C) with respect to summer daily maximum and minimum temperatures, diurnal fluctuations, and stream cooling. A multistream comparative survey conducted in the same geographic region revealed that streams headed by small lakes or swamps tended to cool as they flowed downstream, and headwater streams warmed, regardless of whether or not timber harvesting took place. Stream cooling was attributed to a combination of warm outlet temperatures (promoted by the presence of the lakes) and cold groundwater inflows. A regression model revealed that summertime downstream warming or cooling in headwater and outlet streams could be predicted by upstream maximum summer temperatures and canopy cover. Lentic water bodies and groundwater inflows are important determinants of stream temperature patterns in subboreal forests and may subsequently moderate their responses to streamside harvesting.

Influence of streamside buffers on stream temperature response following clear-cut harvesting in western Oregon

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 993-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Cole ◽  
Michael Newton
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Temperature Responses

Determining the effectiveness of different riparian buffers for mitigating forest-harvesting impacts on stream temperatures continues to be of interest throughout the world. Four small, low or medium elevation streams in managed western Oregon forests were studied to determine how the arrangement and amount of streamside retention strips (buffers) in clear-cut units influenced stream temperatures. Buffers included (i) no tree, (ii) predominantly sun-sided 12 m wide partial, and (iii) two-sided (Best Management Practice, (BMP)) 15–30 m wide buffers. Harvested units alternated with uncut units along 1800–2600 m study reaches. Impacts of harvesting on stream temperatures were determined by time series comparisons of postharvest and preharvest regressions. Trends for daily maximum and mean stream temperature significantly increased after harvest in no tree buffer units. Partial buffers led to slight (<2 °C) or no increased warming. BMP units led to significantly increased warming, slight, or no increased warming. Temperature responses in uncut units appeared to be linked to responses in upstream harvested units. In many instances, when harvested units exhibited significantly higher postharvest trends, lower trends were observed in the uncut units downstream. Stream temperature trends of 7 day moving maxima indicated warming through the no tree buffer units and some of the BMP units. Peaks in maxima were not maintained in downstream units. Stream temperature responses were related to buffer implementation and stream features, relating to cooling and warming.

Stream temperature responses to partial-harvest logging in riparian buffers of boreal mixedwood forest watersheds

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Kreutzweiser ◽  
Scott S. Capell ◽  
Stephen B. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Partial Harvest ◽  
Forest Watersheds ◽  
Boreal Mixedwood Forest ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Forest Streams ◽  
Temperature Responses

As part of a larger study to examine the operational feasibility, ecological benefits, and environmental impacts of partial-harvest logging in riparian buffers along boreal mixedwood forest streams, we determined the effects on summer stream temperatures. Three logged study reaches were compared with three reference reaches over two prelogging and two postlogging summers. Partial-harvest logging resulted in an average removal of 10%, 20%, and 28% of the basal area from riparian buffers at the three logged sites. At the two more intensively logged sites, there were small (<10%) reductions in canopy cover (P = 0.024) and no significant changes in light at stream surfaces (P > 0.18). There were no measurable impacts on stream temperatures at two of the three logged sites. At the most intensively logged site, daily maximum temperatures were significantly higher (∼4 °C) for about 6 weeks in the first summer after logging than in prelogging years or at the reference sites (P < 0.001). Temperature increases were attributed to a logging-induced temporary disruption of cool water inputs from ground disturbance in a lateral-input seep area. Our results indicate that partial-harvest logging in riparian buffers of boreal mixedwood forest streams can sustain effective canopy cover and mitigate logging-induced water temperature increases.

Periphyton Biomass and Species Composition in a Coastal Rainforest Stream in British Columbia: Effects of Environmental Changes Caused by Logging

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1887-1895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken S. Shortreed ◽  
John G. Stockner
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Periphyton Biomass ◽  
Clearcut Logging

Periphyton biomass, species composition, and accumulation rates on Plexiglas substrates were determined in a 6-yr study from 1974 to 1979 in Carnation Creek, Vancouver Island, B.C. During the first 2 yr of the study, the watershed was unlogged. Clearcut logging during the remainder of the study resulted in increases in light intensity of over 100% at some sites, slight increases in stream temperature (2–3 °C in summer) and increases in some dissolved ion concentrations. Phosphorus concentrations were similar throughout the study. Diatoms were the most common class of algae, and Achnanthes minutissima and Synedra rumpens were the most common diatoms. Filamentous chlorophytes (predominantly Mougeotia sp. with some Draparnaldia sp., Spirogyra sp., and Zygnema sp.) occurred sporadically throughout the study but were more common after logging, primarily as a result of increased light intensity. Although highest recorded periphyton biomass and accumulation rates occurred after logging, post-logging values were generally similar to those recorded prior to logging. We attributed this to the lack of increase in phosphorus concentrations after logging.

scholarly journals Managing Woodland Caribou in West-Central British Columbia

Rangifer ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah B. Cichowski
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Range Management ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Winter Habitat ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Winter Range

Initial long term planning for logging on the Tweedsmuir-Entiako caribou winter range began in the early 1980s. Because little information was available on which to base winter range management, the British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch began studies on radio-collared caribou in 1983, and an intensive study on caribou winter habitat requirements was conducted from 1985 to 1988. Terrestrial lichens were identified as the primary winter food source for the caribou, and in 1987, caribou winter range ecosystem maps, which emphasized abundance of terrestrial lichens, were produced. The ecosystem maps and information from the caribou study, including potential direct and indirect effects of timber harvesting on the caribou population, were used to develop a management strategy for the winter range. The management strategy comprised two levels of management: a landscape level (Caribou Management Zones); and a site-specific level (caribou habitat/timber values). Timber information associated with BC Ministry of Forests forest cover maps was integrated using a Geographic Information System. Six winter range management options were proposed ranging from harvesting low value caribou habitats only throughout the winter range to total protection of the entire winter range. Impacts of those options on both the caribou population and on the timber supply were evaluated. The options were reviewed through a public planning process, the Entiako Local Resource Use Plan, and recommendations from that process were forwarded to the British Columbia Protected Areas Strategy.

scholarly journals Edge-habitat Use by Northwestern Gartersnakes (Thamnophis ordinoides) in Saanich, British Columbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Graham P. Dixon-MacCallum ◽  
Katie A.H. Bell ◽  
Patrick T. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Edge Habitat ◽  
Initial Assumption ◽  
Important Habitat ◽  
Habitat Variables

Understanding habitat requirements of species is fundamental for their conservation and urban parks can provide key habitat for species in otherwise disturbed settings. Northwestern Gartersnakes (Thamnophis ordinoides) are common in parks in Saanich, British Columbia, but their specific habitat requirements are poorly understood. Based on previous studies and thermoregulatory needs of snakes, we predicted that edges, particularly field margins, would be heavily used by active snakes. We therefore used surveys that focused on edges to find snakes and measured edge-habitat use by comparing habitat variables at locations where snakes were found to the same variables at nearby random locations. Habitat variables included composition and structure of vegetation, substrate temperature, aspect, and slope. Overall, litter depth, canopy cover, a lack of bare ground and woody vegetation were the most important habitat variables for determining where snakes were found. our results provide a preliminary assessment to improve our understanding of habitat use for this species. The abundance of snakes found while surveying edges supports our initial assumption that edges are important habitat features but more work is required using multiple survey methods to further test this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Assessing the impacts of hydrologic and land use alterations on water temperature in the Farmington River basin in Connecticut

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 4491-4508 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Yearsley ◽  
Ning Sun ◽  
Marisa Baptiste ◽  
Bart Nijssen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
River System ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Riparian Buffers ◽  
Connecticut River

Abstract. Aquatic ecosystems can be significantly altered by the construction of dams and modification of riparian buffers, and the effects are often reflected in spatial and temporal changes to water temperature. To investigate the implications for water temperature of spatially and temporally varying riparian buffers and dam-induced hydrologic alterations, we have implemented a modeling system (DHSVM-RBM) within the framework of the state-space paradigm that couples a spatially distributed land surface hydrologic model, DHSVM, with the distributed stream temperature model, RBM. The basic modeling system has been applied previously to several similar-sized watersheds. However, we have made enhancements to DHSVM-RBM that simulate spatial heterogeneity and temporal variation (i.e., seasonal changes in canopy cover) in riparian vegetation, and we included additional features in DHSVM-RBM that provide the capability for simulating the impacts of reservoirs that may develop thermal stratification. We have tested the modeling system in the Farmington River basin in the Connecticut River system, which includes varying types of watershed development (e.g., deforestation and reservoirs) that can alter the streams' hydrologic regime and thermal energy budget. We evaluated streamflow and stream temperature simulations against all available observations distributed along the Farmington River basin. Results based on metrics recommended for model evaluation compare well to those obtained in similar studies. We demonstrate the way in which the model system can provide decision support for watershed planning by simulating a limited number of scenarios associated with hydrologic and land use alterations.

Regression Model for Daily Maximum Stream Temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Neumann ◽  
Balaji Rajagopalan ◽  
Edith A. Zagona
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum
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