Microbial utilization of dissolved organic carbon leached from riparian litterfall

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1668-1676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D McArthur ◽  
John S Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Bacterial Growth Rates

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in aquatic systems is abundant and used within stream food webs, but DOC quality is rarely studied. DOC in the leachates from the litter of five tree species (red alder, Alnus rubra; vine maple, Acer circinatum; western red cedar, Thuja plicata; western hemlock, Tsuga hetrophylla; and Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii) were assessed for their chemistry and relative ability to support growth of heterotrophic, stream bacteria. Bacterial growth was measured using [3H]leucine incorporated into protein over 24 h of exposure to nutrient-amended leachates. Bacterial growth was greatest in deciduous and western red cedar leachates, controlling for DOC concentration. Bacterial growth rates on most leachates were greatest after 1 h and then declined in a negative exponential pattern. The DOC less than 10 kDa supported lower bacterial growth rates than DOC from whole leachates on a per milligram DOC basis. The DOC C:N atomic ratio was the best predictor of bacterial growth (r2 = 0.84). DOC release from western hemlock needles increased linearly during 7 days of leaching, whereas most red alder and western red cedar DOC was released after 1 and 2 days, respectively. Successional changes in composition of riparian forest trees may influence the stream microbial productivity based on the changes in dissolved organic carbon.

THE INITIATION AND SPREAD OF PORIA WEIRII ROOT ROT OF DOUGLAS FIR

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Wallis ◽  
G. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Considerable Resistance ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Living Tissues

Root rot caused by Poria weirii Murr. occurred when healthy roots of Douglas fir came into contact with inoculum in infected roots of the previous stand. Mycelium grew ectotrophically on the bark of the Douglas fir roots, frequently well in advance of growth in the wood, and penetrated to living tissues directly through sound as well as injured bark. Spread of the disease to adjacent trees took place where healthy and diseased roots were in contact, the mycelium apparently spreading to only a very limited extent through natural soil. It was shown that mycelium could invade roots of trees felled for at least 12 months and Douglas fir heartwood that had been buried in soil for at least 12 months. Viable Poria mycelium was isolated from infected roots as small as 2 cm in diameter 11 years after the trees had been cut. While Douglas fir and western hemlock appeared to be quite susceptible to infection, western red cedar, red alder, and bigleaf maple showed considerable resistance.

Litter decomposition in western red cedar and western hemlock forests on northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1626-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Keenan ◽  
C. E. Prescott ◽  
J. P. Kimmins ◽  
J. Pastor ◽  
B. Dewey
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar

Litter decomposition and changes in N and organic chemicals were studied for 2 years in two forest types: old-growth western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarge) and 85-year-old stands of western hemlock and amabilis fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) that developed after a major windstorm. We tested the hypothesis that lower rates of mass loss and different patterns of nutrient release in decomposing litter could explain lower nutrient availability in the cedar–hemlock type. Decomposition rate of a standard litter substrate, lodgepole pine needles, was almost identical in the two forest types indicating that each type had similar microenvironmental conditions for decomposers. Salal leaves had a lower lignin to N ratio and decomposed and released N more rapidly than the conifer litters. Among the conifers, cedar had poorer litter quality (higher lignin to N ratio), decomposed more slowly, and released considerably less N during the study. Cedar litter contributes to lower N availability in cedar–hemlock forests, but other factors, such as lower external N cycling and complexing of N with secondary carbon compounds during later stages of decomposition, are also likely to have a major influence on N availability. Keywords: Thuja plicata, Tsuga heterophylla, decomposition, litter quality, N cycling.

Studies on periderm. II. Anthocyanidins in secondary periderm tissue of amabilis fir, grand fir, western hemlock, and western red cedar

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1419-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Mullick
Keyword(s):  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Free State ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Abies Grandis ◽  
Abies Amabilis ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

By using a mild method, which precludes the possibility of pigment hydrolysis during extraction and processing, the occurrence of anthocyanidins in the free state has been detected in the normal secondary periderm tissues (rhytidomal region) of amabilis fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes), grand fir (Abies grandis (Dougl.) Lindl.), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn.). Cyanidin was present in all species. Pelargonidin was present in western hemlock and most likely also in western red cedar.

Five-year growth response of western red cedar, western hemlock, and amabilis fir to chemical and organic fertilizers

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1328-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Prescott ◽  
S M Brown
Keyword(s):  
Wood Ash ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar

The hypothesis that growth responses of conifers to application of organic fertilizers are of longer duration than responses to chemical fertilizers was tested in two trials on northern Vancouver Island. Both trials were in 10-year-old plantations of conifers on a salal-dominated cutover known to have poor N supply. In Trial 1, western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and amabilis fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) were treated with municipal biosolids at 542 kg N·ha-1 and 162 kg P·ha-1 or ammonium nitrate and triple superphosphate at 225 kg N·ha-1 and 75 kg P·ha-1. Height increments in the 5 years following applications were two to five times greater in plots treated with either biosolids or fertilizer than in untreated plots. In Trial 2, western red cedar was treated with fertilizer at 225 kg N·ha-1 and 75 kg P·ha-1 or the following organic amendments at 504-610 kg N·ha-1: biosolids, biosolids and pulp and paper sludge, fish silage and wood ash, fish silage with wood ash and pulp and paper sludge, and wood ash alone. Height increments in the 5 years following applications were similar in all treated plots (except wood ash alone). These experiments provided no evidence for sustained growth responses in plots treated with organic fertilizers compared with those treated with chemical fertilizer.

Mass and nutrient content of woody debris and forest floor in western red cedar and western hemlock forests on northern Vancouver Island

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney J. Keenan ◽  
Cindy E. Prescott ◽  
J.P. Hamish Kimmins
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Western Red Cedar

Biomass and C, N, P, and K contents of woody debris and the forest floor were surveyed in adjacent stands of old-growth western red cedar (Thujaplicata Donn)–western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) (CH type), and 85-year-old, windstorm-derived, second-growth western hemlock–amabilis fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) (HA type) at three sites on northern Vancouver Island. Carbon concentrations were relatively constant across all detrital categories (mean = 556.8 mg/g); concentrations of N and P generally increased, and K generally decreased, with increasing degree of decomposition. The mean mass of woody debris was 363 Mg/ha in the CH and 226 Mg/ha in the HA type. The mean forest floor mass was 280 Mg/ha in the CH and 211 Mg/ha in the HA stands. Approximately 60% of the forest floor mass in each forest type was decaying wood. Dead woody material above and within the forest floor represented a significant store of biomass and nutrients in both forest types, containing 82% of the aboveground detrital biomass, 51–59% of the N, and 58–61% of the detrital P. Forest floors in the CH and HA types contained similar total quantities of N, suggesting that the lower N availability in CH forests is not caused by greater immobilization in detritus. The large accumulation of forest floor and woody debris in this region is attributed to slow decomposition in the cool, wet climate, high rates of detrital input following windstorms, and the large size and decay resistance of western red cedar boles.

Characterization of the complete plastome of western red cedar, Thuja plicata (Cupressaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Kole F. Adelalu ◽  
Xiao-Jian Qu ◽  
Yan-Xia Sun ◽  
Tao Deng ◽  
Hang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar

THE BEHAVIOUR OF FIVE WOOD SPECIES IN COMPRESSION

IAWA Journal ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Ellis ◽  
Paul Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar

Five wood species, Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia Benth.), Balau (Shorea spp.), Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), Western red cedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don), and Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) were loaded in compression longitudinally, radially and tangentially. The wood cubes were conditioned to one of four moisture contents prior to loading. Small cubes were loaded until no void space remained after which samples were released and soaked in water. Stress /strain curves were recorded over the whole range of strain and cube thicknesses were recorded at the end of the compression, after release from the testing apparatus, and after soaking in water. Denser woods resulted in a greater Young’s modulus, higher levels of stress and shorter time to densification than did less dense woods. Higher initial moisture contents apparently increased the plasticity of the wood leading to a lower Young’s modulus and lower levels of stress during compression, greater springback after release of stress and greater recovery after swelling in water. Differences observed in the radial and tangential behaviours were believed to be due to the supporting action of the rays when the wood was compressed in the radial direction in balau and trembling aspen and to the relative difference between the lower density earlywood and higher density latewood regions in ash, Douglas-fir and western red cedar.

Mass Transfer Characteristics of Western Hemlock and Western Red Cedar

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Koumoutsakos ◽  
Stavros Avramidis
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Transfer Characteristics ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Western Red Cedar
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