The effects of environmental heat stress on heat-shock mRNA and protein expression in Miramichi Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1553-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan G Lund ◽  
Daniel Caissie ◽  
Richard A Cunjak ◽  
Mathilakath M Vijayan ◽  
Bruce L Tufts
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Hsc 70 ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

This study combines laboratory experiments with temperature monitoring and fish sampling in the wild to determine if Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr from the Miramichi River in New Brunswick are currently experiencing significant sublethal heat stress during the warm summer months. Laboratory experiments indicated that Hsp 70 mRNA and protein and Hsp 30 mRNA were all significantly induced in Atlantic salmon parr between 22°C and 25°C. Field sampling during moderate spring temperatures and a high-temperature event in summer further indicated that the threshold for mRNA induction of both Hsp 70 and Hsp 30 is around 23°C, but Hsp 70 protein levels were only significantly elevated in the field at 27°C. Hsc 70 mRNA and protein levels were not significantly increased during heat stress under laboratory conditions. In the field, however, Hsc 70 mRNA was significantly increased at 23°C and both Hsc 70 mRNA and protein levels were elevated at 27°C. Taken together, the results of this investigation suggest that Atlantic salmon parr from the Miramichi River are currently experiencing temperatures that will cause significant protein damage and induce a heat-shock response for about 30 days each summer.

Degradation of DDT in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2321-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Greer ◽  
U. Paim
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

As indicated by thin-layer chromatography, hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon parr degraded DDT, absorbed from aqueous suspensions, to DDE and TDE within 9 hr. DDT adsorbed on external surfaces of the salmon was not degraded.

Selection of Microhabitat in Summer by Juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Morantz ◽  
R. K. Sweeney ◽  
C. S. Shirvell ◽  
D. A. Longard
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmon Fry ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

This study was designed to define the microhabitats selected in summer by juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Curves were developed describing the preference of 880 young salmon for water velocity at the fish's position (nose velocity), mean water column velocity, total water depth, and stream substrate size. Study sites were chosen in six morphologically diverse streams in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick during 1982–84. Of the four variables measured, only nose velocity chosen by both fry and parr was not significantly different among years or rivers. Atlantic salmon fry (< 65 mm) most frequently selected nose velocities between 5 and 15 cm∙s−1, small parr (65–100 mm) between 5 and 25 cm∙s−1 and large parr (> 100 mm) between 5 and 35 cm∙s−1. Apparently, juvenile salmon utilized water depths and stream substrates which varied within tolerable limits according to their availability in conjunction with preferred water velocities. Significant differences in the body shape and size of the pectoral fin of Atlantic salmon parr in different rivers did not influence the selection of nose velocities within the range of flow conditions sampled.

scholarly journals Comparison of sperm motility subpopulation structure among wild anadromous and farmed male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr using a CASA system

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Caldeira ◽  
Almudena García-Molina ◽  
Anthony Valverde ◽  
Daznia Bompart ◽  
Megan Hassane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Casa System ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is an endangered freshwater species that needs help to recover its wild stocks. However, the priority in aquaculture is to obtain successful fertilisation and genetic variability to secure the revival of the species. The aims of the present work were to study sperm subpopulation structure and motility patterns in wild anadromous males and farmed male Atlantic salmon parr. Salmon sperm samples were collected from wild anadromous salmon (WS) and two generations of farmed parr males. Sperm samples were collected from sexually mature males and sperm motility was analysed at different times after activation (5 and 35 s). Differences among the three groups were analysed using statistical techniques based on Cluster analysis the Bayesian method. Atlantic salmon were found to have three sperm subpopulations, and the spermatozoa in ejaculates of mature farmed parr males had a higher velocity and larger size than those of WS males. This could be an adaptation to high sperm competition because salmonid species are naturally adapted to this process. Motility analysis enables us to identify sperm subpopulations, and it may be useful to correlate these sperm subpopulations with fertilisation ability to test whether faster-swimming spermatozoa have a higher probability of success.

scholarly journals Dissemination of Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) during the Early and Regenerating Phases of Infection

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannimuthu Dhamotharan ◽  
Håvard Bjørgen ◽  
Muhammad Salman Malik ◽  
Ingvild B. Nyman ◽  
Turhan Markussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation ◽  
Farmed Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Heart Lesions

Piscine orthoreovirus-1 (PRV-1) can cause heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), but the line of events from infection, pathologic change, and regeneration has not been thoroughly described. In this study, the cellular localization and variation of PRV-1 RNA and protein levels were analyzed at different times post-exposure in experimentally infected Atlantic salmon. Immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and Western blot were used for assessment of the presence of the PRV-1 σ1 protein, while RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization were performed for viral RNA. Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated that PRV-1 infection induced heart lesions typical of HSMI, such as severe epicarditis and myocarditis with degeneration of cardiomyocytes, necrosis, and diffuse cellular infiltration. PRV-1 infection of erythrocytes and the peak viral plasma level preceded virus presence in cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes. Arginase-2-positive, macrophage-like cells observed in the heart indicated possible polarization to M2 macrophages and the onset of regenerative processes, which may contribute to the recovery from HSMI. The virus was cleared from regenerating heart tissue and from hepatocytes, but persisted in erythrocytes.

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