Patterns and mechanisms of aquatic invertebrate introductions in the Ponto-Caspian region

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1189-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A Grigorovich ◽  
Hugh J MacIsaac ◽  
Nikolai V Shadrin ◽  
Edward L Mills
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrate ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Species Introductions ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geographic Regions

The Black, Azov, and Caspian sea drainages (i.e., Ponto-Caspian region) have an extensive and long history of species introductions. Here we review patterns and mechanisms of introductions of aquatic invertebrate species into these ecosystems. Since the late 1800s, 136 free-living and 27 parasitic invertebrate species have been introduced outside their native ranges and have established reproducing populations in the Ponto-Caspian region. The bulk of these introductions are represented by crustaceans (53%), flatworms (15%), and molluscs (13%). Most of the introduced species are native to other areas within the Ponto-Caspian region (37%), with other sizable contributions from the Atlantic–Mediterranean (15%) and boreal European–Siberian (14%) geographic regions. Mechanisms of introductions were dominated by deliberate releases (29%) and shipping activities (22%), with the former occurring principally in freshwater habitats and the latter in marine and estuarine ones. Other introductions resulted from unintentional release (21%) and hydrotechnical development (14%), notably the construction of reservoirs and canals. Global and regional trade, particularly that mediated by commercial ships, provides dispersal opportunities for nonindigenous invertebrates to and within the Ponto-Caspian region, rapidly changing the composition of its endemic fauna.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis Of Geopolitical Interests In The Caspian Region: Research, Conclusions And Mechanisms For Their Protection

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Juraeva Kamola Saifiddinovna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article deals with the characteristic features of the Caspian region. The article analyzes the geopolitical understanding of the history of Russia's relations in the Caspian region in the context of the Eurasian geopolitical school. The evolution of the Russian approach to determining the international legal status of the Caspian Sea is determined, and the main mechanisms of Russian diplomacy in the region are studied based on the analysis of dissertation studies of foreign scientists.

History of aquatic invertebrate invasions in the Caspian Sea

2003 ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A. Grigorovich ◽  
Thomas W. Therriault ◽  
Hugh J. MacIsaac
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrate ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Checklist of free-living microturbellarian flatworms (Turbellaria, Platyhelminthes) in the Suquía River Basin, Córdoba, Argentina

Check List ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1659-1669
Author(s):  
Mariana L. Adami ◽  
Cristina Damborenea
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
New Records ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Invertebrate Communities ◽  
History Of

Free-living microturbellarians are a part of lentic and lotic aquatic assemblages and play an important but underestimated role in aquatic ecosystems. Consequently, they are not included in studies on the dynamics of freshwater aquatic invertebrate communities. We report eight new records of microturbellarians from the Suquía River (Córdoba, Argentina): Catenula lemnae Dugès, 1832, Stenostomum arevaloi Gieysztor, 1931, Stenostomum aff. amphotum Marcus, 1945, Macrostomum aff. quiritium Beklemischev, 1951, Macrostomum platensis Adami, Damborenea & Ronderos, 2012, Microstomum sp., and Mesostoma erhenbergii (Focke, 1836). We discuss these results within the geomorphological history of the river basin

Free-living freshwater nematodes from Brazil: checklist of genera and regional patterns of diversity

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Taciana Kramer de Oliveira Pinto ◽  
Sérgio A. Netto ◽  
André Morgado Esteves ◽  
Francisco José Victor de Castro ◽  
Patricia Fernandes Neres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Biodiversity ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Freshwater Nematodes ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Freshwater Habitats

Summary Brazil has one of the largest varieties of aquatic ecosystems and rich freshwater biodiversity, but these components have constantly been damaged by the expansion of unsustainable activities. Free-living nematodes are an abundant and ubiquitous component of continental benthic communities, occurring in all freshwater habitats, including extreme environments. Despite this, hardly any studies have examined the generic composition of nematodes in different latitudes and the geographic overlap of assemblages. We provide data on nematode genera from six regions in Brazil, over a north-south gradient spanning about 4000 km, encompassing rivers, coastal lakes, and reservoirs with different levels of human impact. Interpolation/extrapolation curves were generated and the zeta diversity was used to assess the overlap of nematode assemblages. Freshwater nematode assemblages comprised 54 families and 132 genera. Mononchidae, Monhysteridae, Chromadoridae, Tobrilidae and Dorylaimidae were the most diverse families. Differences in diversity and high turnover of genera were found among regions, probably related to stochastic processes. Mononchus was the only widely distributed genus. Our results revealed a high biodiversity of free-living freshwater nematodes among the regions. The limited spatial coverage of the data reveals an enormous knowledge gap in a country with 12% of the world’s freshwater resources. The lack of spatial patterns, e.g., latitudinal variation, suggests that freshwater nematode assemblages are primarily structured by the intrinsic properties of habitats. This reinforces the uniqueness of freshwater ecosystems and suggests that the nematode assemblages may be sensitive to environmental disturbances, since the limited distributions of taxa may lead to lower resilience.

X. Growing Tension and the Threat of War in the Southern Caspian Sea: The Unsettled Division Dispute and Regional Rivalry

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-591
Author(s):  
Hooman Peimani
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
American Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Southern Caspian Sea

AbstractThe absence of an acceptable legal regime for the division of the Caspian Sea among its five littoral states has created grounds for conflicts, crises, and wars in the Caspian region, a situation worsened since 2001 when Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan found each other on a collision course over the ownership of certain offshore oilfields. The region has since been heading towards militarization, while the persistence of conflicts over the Caspian Sea's division has prepared the ground for military conflicts. Fear of lagging behind in an arms and the manipulation of conflicts by the United States and Turkey have further encouraged militarization. Against this background, certain factors, including Turkey's efforts to deny Iran political and economic gains in the Caspian region, the growing American military presence in Eurasia, and the expanding American-Azeri military ties since 11 September 2001 will likely contribute to the creation of a suitable ground for a military conflict in the Caspian region.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta): A Comparison between Clinical and Commensal Bacterial Isolates

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2435
Author(s):  
Adriana Trotta ◽  
Mariarosaria Marinaro ◽  
Alessio Sposato ◽  
Michela Galgano ◽  
Stefano Ciccarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Caretta Caretta ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Loggerhead Sea Turtles ◽  
Reservoir Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

Gram negative organisms are frequently isolated from Caretta caretta turtles, which can act as reservoir species for resistant microorganisms in the aquatic environment. C. caretta, which have no history of treatment with antimicrobials, are useful sentinel species for resistant microbes. In this culture-based study, commensal bacteria isolated from oral and cloacal samples of 98 healthy C. caretta were compared to clinical isolates from the wounds of 102 injured animals, in order to investigate the presence of AMR bacteria in free-living loggerheads from the Adriatic Sea. A total of 410 isolates were cultured. Escherichia coli and genera such as Serratia, Moraxella, Kluyvera, Salmonella were isolated only in healthy animals, while Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Morganella were isolated only from the wounds of the injured animals. When tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, gentamicin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin, the clinical isolates showed highly significant differences in AMR rates vs. commensal isolates for all the drugs tested, except for doxycycline. The detection of high AMR rates in loggerheads is of clinical and microbiological significance since it impacts both the choice of a proper antibiotic therapy and the implementation of conservation programs.

scholarly journals Legal Status Of The Caspian Sea: History And Present

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardak Kapyshev
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Interstate Relations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Near Future

At  the  present  stage  one  of  the  unsolved   problems in  interstate relations of  Caspian bordering countries is defining international­legal status of the Caspian Sea. It is noted in the article that this problem is not a new one at all. The history of “division” of the Caspian Sea begins in the ancient age, namely in VIII century. It is underlined that the basic stumbling block  is the position of Iran on the right to use the Caspian Sea, and also occurrence of extra regional players, such as  the USA, China, etc. First of  all, it is connected with rich oil fields and other minerals, and also with convenient geopolitical and geostrategic position. The only way to worry out the international­legal delimitation of the Caspian Sea problem is a negotiating process. By now, despite of  certain disagreements on  legal status of  the Caspian Sea, five Caspian bordering countries managed to achieve certain progress, admitting the possibility of applying the principle of sectorial sectioning on the Caspian Sea.  Clear proof  of  it is the agreements on  division of ground on the northern part of Caspian Sea signed between Kazakhstan, Russia and Azerbaijan. It is important that Kazakhstan, Russia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan clearly stated their positions and agreed to make a compromise in their official statements. More than likely, in the near future Iran will soften its position, considering its present  situation and   strained relations with the USA. It has been alleged that the constructive  dialog  already  started; everything depends on  the mobility,  concurrency and rationality of actions of all Caspian bordering countries.

scholarly journals OFFERINGS OF HUNNIC-TYPE ARTIFACTS IN STONE ENCLOSURES AT ALTYNKAZGAN, THE EASTERN CASPIAN REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
A. E. Astafyev ◽  
E. S. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Area North ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Mangyshlak Peninsula

In 2014–2015, nine enclosures built of stone slabs were excavated at Altynkazgan on the Mangyshlak Peninsula, Republic of Kazakhstan. Inside them, remains of offering ceremonies were found: vessels dug into the ground, altars made of limestone blocks, and pits for offerings. In one of these, we found a richly decorated bridle, in another, a belt set of inlaid golden plaques, and in the third, remains of a saddle (silver plates and other items). The entire assemblage has numerous parallels among the 5th and 6th century fi nds from the northern Black Sea area, North Caucasus, and the Volga basin. Ritual burial of a “golden” belt, a bridle, and a ceremonial saddle indicate an advanced cult that included offerings of prestigious belongings of a horseman. These rituals were introduced by Iranian-speaking nomads who had migrated to the eastern Caspian region during the Hunnic raids to Iran in the 5th century. At that time, owing to the regressive phase of the Caspian Sea, the semi-desert northern Caspian coast was connected with Mangyshlak by a land bridge. Our hypotheses are supported by both historical records and modern geomorphological studies of the Caspian Sea.

scholarly journals ESTRUCTURA DE LA COMUNIDAD EPIFAUNAL ASOCIADA A COLONIAS DE VIDA LIBRE DEL HIDROCORAL MILLEPORA ALCICORNIS LINNAEUS 1758 EN BAHÍA PORTETE, CARIBE COLOMBIANO

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Castro S. ◽  
Mario Monroy L. ◽  
Oscar David Solano
Keyword(s):  
Coral Species ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Epifaunal Community ◽  
Dimensional Growth ◽  
Petrolisthes Armatus

The epifaunal community associated with free-living colonies of Millepora alcicornis, the dominant coral species in Portete Bay, was characterized from twenty living colonies randomly collected within a shallow Thalassia testudinum seabed. The three-dimensional growth colonies sheltered 15 families, 15 genera and 18 mobile invertebrate species. The 97% of individuals was represented by decapods crustaceans specially adapted as to live in association with the host. Within them, the porcelanid Petrolisthes armatus, representing 79% of the epifauna (961 individuals), was exclusively found in a juvenile stage suggesting that M. alcicornis is mainly used by this species as a nursery zone. The epifaunal composition is partially related to coral living tissue whereas the principal simbionts size is correlated with the spatial separation of coral branches. In spite of being slightly diverse in comparison with the epifaunal community found in other coral species, the epifauna found in M. alcicornis is of great interest and peculiarity by their association with the free-living form of this coral.

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