Does red alder (Alnus rubra) in upland riparian forests elevate macroinvertebrate and detritus export from headwater streams to downstream habitats in southeastern Alaska?

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack J Piccolo ◽  
Mark S Wipfli
Keyword(s):  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Tongass National Forest ◽  
Young Growth ◽  
Canopy Type

We assessed the influence of riparian forest canopy type on macroinvertebrate and detritus export from headwater streams to downstream habitats in the Tongass National Forest, southeastern Alaska. Twenty-four fishless headwater streams were sampled monthly, from April to August 1998, across four riparian canopy types: old growth, clearcut, young-growth alder, and young-growth conifer. Young-growth alder sites exported significantly greater count (mean = 9.4 individuals·m–3 water, standard error (SE) = 3.7) and biomass (mean = 3.1 mg dry mass·m–3 water, SE = 1.2) densities of macroinvertebrates than did young-growth conifer sites (mean = 2.7 individuals·m–3 water, SE = 0.4, and mean = 1.0 mg dry mass·m–3 water, SE = 0.2), enough prey to support up to four times more fish biomass if downstream habitat is suitable. We detected no significant differences in macroinvertebrate export between other canopy types or in detritus export among different canopy types. Roughly 70% of the invertebrates were aquatic; the rest were terrestrial or could not be identified. Although we do not recommend clearcutting as a means of generating red alder, maintaining an alder component in previously harvested stands may offset other potentially negative effects of timber harvest (such as sedimentation and loss of coarse woody debris) on downstream, salmonid-bearing food webs.

scholarly journals Simulating the Effects of Forest Management on Large Woody Debris in Streams in Northern Idaho

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Teply ◽  
Dale McGreer ◽  
Dennis Schult ◽  
Patrick Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Riparian Management ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Idaho

Abstract Existing models for simulating large woody debris (LWD) loads of forest streams were adapted for forest conditions in northern Idaho. Effects of riparian management prescriptions implemented for streams within a habitat conservation planning area for bull trout and other sensitive species were evaluated based on riparian and instream LWD conditions observed along 58 randomly selected stream segments. A wood budgeting system presented by Welty et al. (2002. Riparian aquatic interaction simulator (RAIS): A model of riparian forest dynamics for the generation of large woody debris and shade. For. Ecol. Manage. 162:299–318) was employed through use of observed starting instream LWD loads and generalized depletion rates. LWD recruitment estimates were based on locally relevant growth and yield simulators, taper equations, and adjustments for tree fall directional bias. LWD loading, expressed as the number of qualifying pieces per 1,000 ft of stream, was examined under two scenarios: a no-harvest scenario and a harvest scenario. Results indicated no significant difference in the frequency distribution of simulated LWD loading between the no-harvest and harvest scenarios over a 100-year prediction period. Examination of our assumptions indicated that LWD loading was likely underestimated and less variable than would be expected. However, these assumptions had equal effects on each scenario, enabling us to confidently interpret the effects of timber harvest. The nature and extent of riparian forest harvesting evaluated in this simulation is similar to levels being considered elsewhere in the region. Therefore, simulation techniques demonstrated here could be applied elsewhere in the region for evaluating the potential effects of riparian management on fisheries resources.

Effects of stream-adjacent logging in fishless headwaters on downstream coastal cutthroat trout

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 1898-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Bateman ◽  
Matthew R. Sloat ◽  
Robert E. Gresswell ◽  
Aaron M. Berger ◽  
David P. Hockman-Wert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Oncorhynchus Clarkii ◽  
Coastal Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Commercial Logging ◽  
Watershed Approach ◽  
Paired Watershed

To investigate effects of headwater logging on downstream coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) populations, we monitored stream habitat and biotic indicators including biomass, abundance, growth, movement, and survival over 8 years using a paired-watershed approach. Reference and logged catchments were located on private industrial forestland on ∼60-year harvest rotation. Five clearcuts (14% of the logged catchment area) were adjacent to fishless portions of the headwater streams, and contemporary regulations did not require riparian forest buffers in the treatment catchment. Logging did not have significant negative effects on downstream coastal cutthroat trout populations for the duration of the sample period. Indeed, the only statistically significant response of fish populations following logging in fishless headwaters was an increase in late-summer biomass (g·m−2) of age-1+ coastal cutthroat trout in tributaries. Ultimately, the ability to make broad generalizations concerning effects of timber harvest is difficult because response to disturbance (anthropogenically influenced or not) in aquatic systems is complex and context-dependent, but our findings provide one example of environmentally compatible commercial logging in a regenerated forest setting.

Factors affecting distribution of wood, detritus, and sediment in headwater streams draining managed young-growth red alder – conifer forests in southeast Alaska

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Gomi ◽  
Adelaide C Johnson ◽  
Robert L Deal ◽  
Paul E Hennon ◽  
Ewa H Orlikowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Large Wood ◽  
Short Channel ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Young Growth

Factors (riparian stand condition, management regimes, and channel properties) affecting distributions of wood, detritus (leaves and branches), and sediment were examined in headwater streams draining young-growth red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) – conifer riparian forests (< 40 years old) in southeast Alaska. More riparian red alder were found along streams affected by both timber harvesting and mass movement than in streams affected by timber harvesting alone. Young-growth stands produced little large wood material (diameter ≥10 cm) and had little effect on altering the size distribution of functional large wood in channels, although more alder wood pieces were found in streams with greater numbers of riparian alder trees. Legacy wood pieces (>40 years old) remained in channels and provided sites for sediment and organic matter storage. Despite various alder–conifer mixtures and past harvesting effects, the abundance of large wood, fine wood, and detritus accumulations significantly decreased with increasing channel bank-full width ( 0.5–3.5 m) along relatively short channel distances (up to 700 m). Changes in wood, detritus, and sediment accumulations together with changes in riparian stand characteristics create spatial and temporal variability of in-channel conditions in headwater systems. A component of alder within young-growth riparian forests may benefit both wood production and biological recovery in disturbed headwater stream channels.

Erfolg der Jungwaldpflege im Schweizer Mittelland? Analyse und Folgerungen (Essay)

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 (9) ◽  
pp. 262-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ammann
Keyword(s):  
Stand Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Tree Thinning ◽  
Swiss Plateau ◽  
Self Differentiation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Young Growth

Is young growth tending successful in the Swiss Plateau region? Analysis and implications (essay) The effect of the cost-intensive young growth tending used up to the present in the region of the Swiss Plateau is analysed using different approaches. It is evident that young growth tending is not only ineffective with respect to diameter growth but even hinders stand development. Negative effects on quality from young growth tending are also recognised. This is often due to premature interventions in the natural processes of self-differentiation and subsequent systematic errors in the thinning. Furthermore, the effect of tending measures on the tree species composition is often overestimated because in the first 10 to 20 years of stand development, it is primarily the rejuvenation strategy and the site which are decisive. As an alternative course of action, tending concepts are proposed which rely on biological rationalisation and future tree thinning, to achieve future trees which are as vigorous as possible. These are not only more effective, but are also significantly less expensive.

MICROBES AND NITRATES IN SOILS FROM VIRGIN AND YOUNG-GROWTH FORESTS

1961 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Bollen ◽  
Ernest Wright
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Soil Incubation ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Coastal Soils ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Young Growth

Penicillium spp. predominated in samples of forest soils except occasionally at depths of more than three inches, when Mucor and Aspergillus spp. sometimes were more abundant. Incubation for 30 days at 28 °C and 50 per cent water-holding capacity frequently increased the percentage of Mucor spp. as well as Penicillium spp. Mucor spp. were consistently more prominent in soils associated with alder than for other coastal soils. Mucor and Aspergillus spp. also appeared often in soil from stands of ponderosa pine growing east of the Cascades.The greatest concentration of nitrogen as NO3− in unincubated soils was found in a young red alder stand. Samples of soil from stands of virgin coastal redwood showed no nitrate nitrogen. Soils from stands of virgin Sitka spruce, however, showed considerable nitrate content, which increased markedly with incubation.With few exceptions, bacteria and actinomycetes were most numerous in F layers of soil. Incubation greatly increased these populations in most soils.

Changes in streamside riparian forest canopy and leaf litter nutrient flux to soils during an emerald ash borer infestation in an agricultural landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kreutzweiser ◽  
David Dutkiewicz ◽  
Scott Capell ◽  
Paul Sibley ◽  
Taylor Scarr
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Emerald Ash Borer ◽  
Nutrient Flux

Carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus storage of woody debris in headwater streams in an alpine forest in the upper reaches of Mingjiang River

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
张慧玲 ZHANG Huiling ◽  
杨万勤 YANG Wanqing ◽  
汪明 WANG Ming ◽  
廖姝 LIAO Shu ◽  
张川 ZHANG Chuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Headwater Streams ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Alpine Forest ◽  
Phosphorus Storage

Relations between red alder composition and understory vegetation in young mixed forests of southeast Alaska

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A Hanley ◽  
Robert L Deal ◽  
Ewa H Orlikowska
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Understory Biomass ◽  
Young Growth

Interest in mixed red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) – conifer young-growth stands has grown in southeast Alaska, USA, because they appear to provide much more productive understory vegetation and wildlife habitat than do similar-aged pure conifer stands. We studied understory vegetation in nine even-aged young-growth stands (38–42 years old) comprising a gradient of red alder – conifer overstory composition, with red alder ranging from 0% to 86% of stand basal area. Conifers were Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and western redcedar (Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don). We measured understory biomass and net production (current annual growth) in each stand by species and plant part and estimated carrying capacity for black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis Cowan) with a food-based habitat model. Highly significant positive relations (P < 0.002) were found between red alder basal area and all of the following: total understory biomass (r2 = 0.743), net production of shrubs (r2 = 0.758) and herbs (r2 = 0.855), and summer carrying capacity for deer (r2 = 0.846). The high correlation between red alder and herbaceous production is especially important, because herbs are least abundant and most difficult to maintain in young-growth conifer forests of this region. Red alder offers prospects for increasing understory vegetation biomass and its food value for deer and other wildlife when included as a hardwood overstory species in mixed hardwood–conifer young-growth forests.

In-stream large woody debris loading and riparian forest seral stage associations in the southern Appalachian Mountains

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig W. Hedman ◽  
David H. Van Lear ◽  
Wayne T. Swank
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Eastern Hemlock ◽  
Large Woody Debris ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Stream Systems

Large woody debris (LWD) is an important ecological component of mountain streams. However, the relation of LWD loading and riparian forest composition is poorly understood in the southern Appalachians. In this study, 500-m reaches of 11 riparian forest–stream systems representing a 300-year sere were inventoried and measured to obtain quantitative estimates and descriptions of in-stream LWD. Loading volumes ranged from 7.1 to 31.2 m3/100 m of stream, or between 3.6 and 13.2 kg/m2. LWD loadings were highly variable during midseral stages of plant community succession, primarily because of the wide range in loading of American chestnut (Castaneadentata (Marsh.) Borkh.). Loadings increased linearly in late-successional through old-growth systems over a 165-year interval. Eastern hemlock (Tsugacanadensis (L.) Carrière) and American chestnut were the most dominant carry-over LWD species in midsuccessional stream systems. Loading of eastern hemlock LWD increased from midsuccessional through old-growth stages as the species became dominant in the riparian forest. Without carry-over debris, LWD loadings would be extremely low in midsuccessional stream systems. American chestnut was a major component of LWD in midsuccessional stream systems, despite the fact that it has been unavailable for recruitment for decades.

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