Testing mechanistic explanations of observed correlations between environmental factors and marine fisheries

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
A E Gargett ◽  
M Li ◽  
R Brown
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Marine Fisheries ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Mechanistic Explanations ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Based on observed correlations, marine fisheries are often hypothesized to depend on environmental factors. Since correlations are unreliable as a predictive tool, it is desirable to seek mechanistic explanations for observed correlations. This paper considers methods available for testing such mechanistic explanations. As a specific example, we consider the optimal stability window, proposed as a mechanistic explanation of observed correlations between the survival of North Pacific salmon stocks and the state of the atmosphere over the North Pacific in winter, as applied to the coastal waters and fisheries of southern British Columbia, Canada.

Recent contamination of persistent chlorinated endocrine disrupters in cetaceans from the North Pacific and Asian coastal waters

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Minh ◽  
M. S. Prudente ◽  
M. Watanabe ◽  
S. Tanabe ◽  
H. Nakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Coplanar Pcbs ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

To elucidate the global distribution and toxicological impacts of persistent organochlorines (OCs) on cetaceans, the present study determined the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides such as DDT and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), chlordane compounds (CHLs) and PCBs including toxic coplanar congeners in the blubber of 10 species of adult male odontoceti cetaceans collected from several locations in the North Pacific Ocean and coastal waters of Japan, Hong Kong, Philippines and India during 1985–1997. Concentrations of tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane (TCPMe) and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH), which are among the newly identified contaminants, were also determined. Residue pattern was in the order of DDTs≥PCBs>CHLs>HCHs>HCB>TCPMOH>TCPMe. Greater DDT concentrations were found in cetaceans from the Japan Sea, coastal waters of Hong Kong and India, indicating serious marine pollution in industrialized Asian nations and current usage of DDTs in tropical regions. In general, cetaceans inhabiting cold and temperate waters contained relatively higher concentrations of PCBs, HCHs, CHLs and HCB as compared with those from tropical regions, reflecting atmospheric transport from the tropical sources to the northern sinks. Latitudinal distribution of TCPMe and TCPMOH in cetaceans from the North Pacific Ocean and Asian coastal waters was similar to that of DDTs, suggesting the less transportable nature of TCPMe and TCPMOH in the marine environment. Penta- and hexa-chlorobiphenyls were the predominant PCB congeners, accounting for about 70% of the total PCBs. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs) of non- and mono-ortho coplanar PCBs in the blubber of cetaceans ranged from 36 (in spinner dolphin from Philippines) to 510 pg/g wet wt (in hump-backed dolphin from Hong Kong). Toxic evaluation of coplanar PCBs using TEQ concept indicates an increasing impact on cetaceans from mid-latitudes. Mono-ortho congener IUPAC 118 or non-ortho congener IUPAC 126 was estimated to have the greatest toxicity contribution. The estimated TEQ concentrations in the blubber of some cetacean species exceeded the level associated with immunosuppresion in harbour seals.

THE IDENTITY OF THE SPECIES OF LEPEOPHTHEIRUS (COPEPODA) PARASITIC ON PACIFIC SALMON (GENUS ONCORHYNCHUS) AND ATLANTIC SALMON (SALMO SALAR)

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
North American ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The North Pacific

A review of existing descriptions of Lepeophtheirus from salmonids, based on specimens collected mainly from Salmo salar in the European and North American Atlantic and from Oncorhynchus spp. in the Asiatic and North American Pacific, coupled with observations by the author on material from S. salar from England and from Oncorhynchus spp. from a wide range of localities in the North Pacific, suggest that L. salmonis (Krøyer, 1838) is the only species found on salmonids from both oceans. The differentiation of L. uenoi Yamaguti, 1939 as a distinct species on Pacific salmon seems to be the result of incorrect or inadequate early descriptions of L. salmonis.

Widespread contamination by tris (4-chlorophenyl)methane and tris (4-chlorophenyl)methanol in cetaceans from the North Pacific and Asian coastal waters

2000 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.Binh Minh ◽  
M Watanabe ◽  
S Tanabe ◽  
N Miyazaki ◽  
T.A Jefferson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific

Spatial and temporal patterns of covariation in productivity of Chinook salmon populations of the northeastern Pacific Ocean

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
pp. 1082-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Dorner ◽  
Matthew J. Catalano ◽  
Randall M. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Dynamic Factor ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
The North Pacific

We expand on previous analyses of environmental factors related to productivity of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations by analysing data on adult recruits per spawner from 24 wild (not hatchery) Chinook salmon stocks from Oregon through western Alaska. To determine the degree to which changes in productivity are shared and to help identify environmental variables that might be related to those changes, we estimated the magnitude and spatial characteristics of positive correlations in productivity trends among stocks separated by various distances. We used dynamic factor analysis to characterize shared time trends in productivity and found that these trends were most closely associated with the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation and, to a lesser extent, with the location of the bifurcation in the North Pacific Current as it reaches North America’s west coast. Chinook productivity patterns of separate populations have also become more synchronous in recent years, similar to results reported for other species of Pacific salmon. Such recent changes may reduce the resilience of the species to effects of climate change and habitat modification.

Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-810
Author(s):  
Marian Nash
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
High Seas

On May 19, 1992, President George Bush transmitted to the Senate for advice and consent to ratification the Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean, with Annex, signed at Moscow on February 11, 1992. An accompanying report by Secretary of State James A. Baker III, dated May 14, 1992, stated, in major part: The Convention has as its centerpiece a prohibition on high seas fishing for Pacific salmon, which will protect valuable migrating U.S.-origin salmonids. It also establishes a new international organization to promote the conservation of anadromous stocks (primarily Pacific salmon) throughout their migratory range in the high seas area of the North Pacific Ocean and its adjacent seas, as well as ecologically related species that interact with these resources, including various marine mammals, seabirds, and non-anadromous fish species. The new organization, which is to be known as the North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission, will also serve as a needed venue for consultation and coordination of high seas fishery enforcement activities by the contracting parties.

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