Assessment of changes in lake pH in southeastern Canada arising from present levels and expected reductions in acidic deposition

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S2) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Jeffries ◽  
D CL Lam ◽  
I Wong ◽  
M D Moran
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Acid Rain ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Threshold Criterion ◽  
Ph Reduction ◽  
Sulphate Deposition

An integrated acid rain assessment model was used to estimate pH for six clusters of lakes in southeastern Canada and scenarios of sulphate deposition that reflect the situation (a) before implementation of the SO2 emission controls required by the Canada/U.S. Air Quality Agreement, (b) after implementation of Canadian controls, and (c) after implementation of Canadian and U.S. controls. Modelled lake pHs were always less than their estimated original values. To assess the ecological significance of the pH reduction, scenario "damage" was quantified as the percentage of cluster lakes having pH < 6, a threshold criterion sufficient to protect most aquatic biota. Care was taken to account for naturally acidified lakes. The integrated acid rain assessment model predicted that Canadian SO2 controls will reduce damage in Ontario and Quebec but have little effect in Atlantic Canada. Implementation of U.S. SO2 controls will further reduce damage throughout all regions, although it is conservatively estimated that from 5 to 24% of the lakes will still have pH < 6 depending on cluster. Extrapolating to the inventory of acid-sensitive lakes in southeastern Canada suggests that ~76 000 lakes and ~970 000 ha of lake area will remain chemically damaged unless additional reductions in SO2 emissions are implemented beyond those required by the Air Quality Agreement.

scholarly journals Size-resolved particle number emissions in Beijing determined from measured particle size distributions

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 11329-11348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenni Kontkanen ◽  
Chenjuan Deng ◽  
Yueyun Fu ◽  
Lubna Dada ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Measured Particle

Abstract. The climate and air quality effects of aerosol particles depend on the number and size of the particles. In urban environments, a large fraction of aerosol particles originates from anthropogenic emissions. To evaluate the effects of different pollution sources on air quality, knowledge of size distributions of particle number emissions is needed. Here we introduce a novel method for determining size-resolved particle number emissions, based on measured particle size distributions. We apply our method to data measured in Beijing, China, to determine the number size distribution of emitted particles in a diameter range from 2 to 1000 nm. The observed particle number emissions are dominated by emissions of particles smaller than 30 nm. Our results suggest that traffic is the major source of particle number emissions with the highest emissions observed for particles around 10 nm during rush hours. At sizes below 6 nm, clustering of atmospheric vapors contributes to calculated emissions. The comparison between our calculated emissions and those estimated with an integrated assessment model GAINS (Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) shows that our method yields clearly higher particle emissions at sizes below 60 nm, but at sizes above that the two methods agree well. Overall, our method is proven to be a useful tool for gaining new knowledge of the size distributions of particle number emissions in urban environments and for validating emission inventories and models. In the future, the method will be developed by modeling the transport of particles from different sources to obtain more accurate estimates of particle number emissions.

scholarly journals A Short-Term Air Quality Control for PM10 Levels

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Claudio Carnevale ◽  
Elena De Angelis ◽  
Franco Luis Tagliani ◽  
Enrico Turrini ◽  
Marialuisa Volta
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Air Quality Index ◽  
Integrated Assessment Model ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Air Quality Control ◽  
Selection Of

In this work, the implementation and test of an integrated assessment model (IAM) to aid governments to define their short term plans (STP) is presented. The methodology is based on a receding horizon approach where the forecasting model gives information about a selected air quality index up to 3 days in advance once the emission of the involved pollutants (control variable) are known. The methodology is fully general with respect to the model used for the forecast and the air quality index; nevertheless, the selection of these models must take into account the peculiarities of the pollutants to be controlled. This system has been tested for particulate matter (PM10) control over a domain located in Northern Italy including the highly polluted area of Brescia. The results show that the control system can be a valuable asset to aid local authorities in the selection of suitable air quality plans.

ESTIMATING HEALTH CO-BENEFITS OF CLIMATE POLICIES IN CHINA: AN APPLICATION OF THE REGIONAL EMISSIONS-AIR QUALITY-CLIMATE-HEALTH (REACH) FRAMEWORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 2041004
Author(s):  
CHENFEI QU ◽  
XI YANG ◽  
DA ZHANG ◽  
XILIANG ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Regional Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Climate policies can bring local air quality and health co-benefits, which may partially or entirely offset the costs of implementing these policies. In this study, we introduce an integrated health co-benefits assessment model, the Regional Emissions-Air quality-Climate-Health (REACH) Modeling Framework, which is capable of evaluating the impact of policies on air pollution-related mortality and morbidity in the whole economic system overtime at the provincial level for China. We first provide a detailed description of the modeling framework and conduct a case study to estimate the health benefits of different climate policy scenarios. We show that a scenario consistent with the 2∘C target that peaks China’s emissions before 2025 could avoid around 190 thousand premature deaths in 2030. The health benefits could partially or fully cover the policy costs under different assumptions of the value of a statistical life (VSL). Our framework also illustrates that estimated costs and health benefits distribute unevenly across regions in China.

Acidic deposition impacts on aquatic biota

Eos ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (42) ◽  
pp. 453-453
Author(s):  
D. R. DeWalle
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Aquatic Biota

scholarly journals Reduced-complexity air quality intervention modelling over China: development of the InMAPv1.6.1-China and comparison with the CMAQv5.2 model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruili Wu ◽  
Christopher W. Tessum ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Chaopeng Hong ◽  
Yixuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Reduced Complexity

Abstract. This paper presents the first development and evaluation of the reduced-complexity air quality model for China. In this study, a reduced-complexity air quality intervention model over China (InMAPv1.6.1-China, hereafter, InMAP-China) is developed by linking a regional air quality model, a reduced-complexity air quality model, an emission inventory database for China, and a health impact assessment model to rapidly estimate the air quality and health impacts of emission sources in China. The modelling system is applied over mainland China for 2017 under various emission scenarios. A comprehensive model evaluation is conducted by comparison against conventional CMAQ simulations and ground-based observations. We found that InMAP-China satisfactorily predicted total PM2.5 concentrations in terms of statistical performance. Compared with the observed PM2.5 concentrations, the mean bias (MB), normalized mean bias (NMB), and correlations of the total PM2.5 concentrations are −8.1 μg/m3, −18 %, and 0.6, respectively. The statistical performance is considered to be satisfactory for a reduced-complexity air quality model and remains consistent with that evaluated in the United States. The underestimation of total PM2.5 concentrations was mainly caused by its composition, primary PM2.5. In terms of the ability to quantify source contributions of PM2.5 concentrations, InMAP-China presents similar results in comparison with those based on the CMAQ model, the difference is mainly caused by the different mechanism and the treatment of secondary inorganic aerosols in the two models. Focusing on the health impacts, the annual PM2.5-related premature mortality estimated using InMAP-China in 2017 was 1.92 million, which was 25 ten thousand deaths lower than that estimated based on CMAQ simulations as a result of underestimation of PM2.5 concentrations. This work presents a version of the reduced-complexity air quality model over China, provides a powerful tool to rapidly assess the air quality and health impacts associated with control policy, and to quantify the source contribution attributable to many emission sources.

Assessment of the Effect of Acidic Deposition on Canadian Lakes: Determination of Critical Loads for Sulphate Deposition

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Jeffries ◽  
D. C. L. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Acidic Deposition ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sulphate Deposition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Terrain Characteristics

The operational definition of the “critical” load for wet SO4 deposition is that which does not increase the regional percent of lakes having pH≤6 for the portion of the population that historically had pH&gt;6. Reviews of the effects of acidic deposition on aquatic biota show that the pH=6 threshold used to determine the critical load is sufficient to protect most organisms. It is inappropriate to specify a single critical load for the whole of eastern Canada due to variability in terrain sensitivity. The Atlantic provinces and easterr Quebec generally have very low critical loads (&lt;8 kg. ha−1.yr−1). The terrain characteristics of this area dictate a critical load very close to background deposition. Lakes in southwestern Quebec and Ontario have critical loads of &lt;8 to &gt;20 kg.ha−1.yr−1 reflecting the wide range in terrain sensitivities that exist in each province.

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