scholarly journals Understanding wastewater treatment mechanisms: a review on detection, removal, and purification efficiencies of faecal bacteria indicators across constructed wetlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Omondi Donde ◽  
Bangding Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Management Approach ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
The Status ◽  
Faecal Bacteria ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Functional Mechanisms

The specific mechanisms of faecal bacterial removal by constructed wetland (CW) mechanisms are inadequately understood. In several circumstances, CWs have been compared to “black box” systems involving poorly understood waste removal mechanisms despite being an emerging environmentally friendly waste management approach. This has therefore attracted numerous scientific studies to further unlock CWs’ functional mechanisms and to increase its efficiencies. This review paper covers detailed information on the status of detection techniques and removal efficiencies of faecal coliforms, with an emphasis on Escherichia coli. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken that involved a comparative review of various study results and critical analysis of previous scientific and review papers. The ultimate objective is to shed further light on the role of wetlands on wastewater purification for improved aquatic ecosystem health and clean water for humans and other organisms.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Cognitive Errors and Anxiety among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Rubina Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Widespread social paradigms on which the status variances are grounded in any society, gender plays pivotal role in manifestation of mental health problems (Rutter, 2007). A hefty volume of research has addressed the issue in adults nonetheless, little is vividly known about the role of gender in adolescent psychopathology. Sample: A sample of 240 adolescents (125 boys, 115 girls) aging 12-18 years was amassed from various secondary schools of Islamabad with the approval of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), relevant authorities of the schools and the adolescents themselves. Instruments: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor & Spence, 1953) and Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) by Leitenberg et al., (1986) were applied in present study. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive errors jointly accounted for 78% of variance in predicting anxiety among adolescents. Findings also exhibited that gender significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive errors and adolescent anxiety. Implications of the findings are discoursed for future research and clinical practice.

scholarly journals Pharmacist’s role in the system of palliative and hospice care in Ukraine and Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Sofiya Prokip ◽  
Iga Pawłowska ◽  
Bohdan Hromovyk ◽  
Leszek Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Team ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Drug Management ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Polish Study ◽  
The Status

Introduction. The efficient pharmacotherapy is an important part of palliative and hospice care, and requires a multidisciplinary approach to the patients. The pharmacist, as the member of the multidisciplinary therapeutic team, is responsible for performing pharmaceutical care, which provides safe and efficient treatment. The aim of the research was to conduct a comparative research about the status of palliative and hospice care and role of the pharmacist (clinical pharmacist) in Ukraine and Poland.Material and methods. It was a questionnaire survey conducted in Ukraine, as well as analysis of information sources associated with this subject. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of similar study conducted in Poland. It consisted of 15 multiple-choice questions addressed to head physicians and doctors in Ukraine. The obtained results were compared to the results of the mentioned above Polish study. Results. Eight head physicians and 22 doctors (30 questionnaires) from 13 palliative and hospice care institutions in Ukraine responded to the survey. It has been found that almost half in Ukraine (43%) believed that the pharmacist should be a mandatory member of a multidisciplinary team, because of his/her significant role in drug management in hospice. Conclusion. A multidisciplinary approach to satisfying of patients' needs in palliative and hospice care has a great significance. Results of the study testify to the importance of including the pharmacists into the multidisciplinary team.

scholarly journals Potret Kepimpinan Wanita dalam Wajah Seorang Wanita dari Perspektif Pendekatan Pengurusan

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-294
Author(s):  
Sara Beden ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Japanese Occupation ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

Women have many advantages and important roles in the family institution. Nowadays, many women are involved in various professions including entrepreneurship, corporate positions and leadership. Therefore, this article aims to analyse the fundamentals of women’s leadership as the head and manager of the family—roles traditionally reserved for men. This study applies the principles of leadership in the Management Approach on S. Othman Kelantan’s novel, Wajah Seorang Wanita. Library research and qualitative methods were applied in this study. The analysis shows that three out of the four dimensions of leadership principles apply, namely, the administrative, economic and educational dimensions. This is depicted through the novel’s main character, Siti Musalmah, who has to manage and lead her family after the death of her beloved husband. This study also seeks to unveil the role of women and thus elevate the status of women as heads of families despite having to face great challenges as single mothers. As a result, the Management Approach, using principles of leadership, allows a clarification and analysis of the principles of management practiced by women in caring for the well-being of their familis. Wajah Seorang Wanita is a portrayal of the leadership of a woman during the time of the Japanese Occupation.

scholarly journals Dinamika dan Faktor Berpengaruh terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Perdesaan

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Sri Hery Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Plantation Crops

<p>The increase in rural household income is an integrand part of the ultimate objective of agricultural development. This paper aims to examine the dynamics of revenue and faktors that influence the various agro-ecosystem and different commodity base in rural areas. The data used is Patanas data’s the time period 2007-2015 taking into account the agro-ecosystem-based wetland rice based dry land crops / vegetables, plantation-based dry land. In general, the study results show that: (a) The level of income has increased and the role of agriculture sektor income remained a dominant role; (b) Faktors causing the dynamics and the role of the agricultural sektor revenues include the availability of and access to technology, the profitability of farming, plantation crops are relatifly old, pace of product development and the creation of added value. The implication is required to optimize and harmonize the development of modern agriculture, revitalization of informal non-agricultural sektor in rural areas, and economic integration of rural-urban in perspective agricultural/rural transformation economic</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga perdesaan merupakan bagian integral dari sasaran akhir pembangunan pertanian. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika pendapatan dan faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada berbagai agroekosistem dan basis komoditas yang berbeda di daerah perdesaan. Data yang digunakan adalah data survey Patanas rentang waktu 2007-2015 pada agroekosistem lahan sawah berbasis padi, lahan kering berbasis palawija/sayuran, dan lahan kering berbasis perkebunan. Metoda analisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan tabulasi. Secara umum, hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa: (a) Tingkat pendapatan mengalami peningkatan dan peran pendapatan sektor pertanian tetap memegang peran dominan; (b) Faktor penyebab dinamika dan peran pendapatan sektor pertanian diantaranya adalah ketersediaan dan akses teknologi, profitabilitas usahatani, tanaman perkebunan yang relatif tua, ketertinggalan pengembangan produk dan penciptaan nilai tambah. Implikasinya adalah dibutuhkan optimalisasi dan harmonisasi pengembangan pertanian modern, revitalisasi sektor informal nonpertanian di perdesaan, dan integrasi ekonomi desa-kota dalam perspektif transfiormasi ekonomi petanian/perdesaan.</p>

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

Strategic Role of Zakat in Multidimensional Quality of Life in Sijunjung, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Status ◽  
Being There ◽  
The Impact

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.

The Kenya National Commission on Human Rights under the 2010 Constitutional Dispensation

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Bonolo Ramadi Dinokopila ◽  
Rhoda Igweta Murangiri
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Bill Of Rights ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
National Human ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

This article examines the transformation of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) and discusses the implications of such transformation on the promotion and protection of human rights in Kenya. The article is an exposition of the powers of the Commission and their importance to the realisation of the Bill of Rights under the 2010 Kenyan Constitution. This is done from a normative and institutional perspective with particular emphasis on the extent to which the UN Principles Relating to the Status of National Institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles, 1993) have been complied with. The article highlights the role of national human rights commissions in transformative and/or transitional justice in post-conflict Kenya. It also explores the possible complementary relationship(s) between the KNCHR and other Article 59 Commissions for the better enforcement of the bill of rights.

FUNCTIONAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERS OF AN ADDRESS IN UKRAINIAN AND FRENCH

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Korolova ◽  
Nadiia Demianova
Keyword(s):  
Field Model ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
The Status ◽  
Semantically Heterogeneous

The vocative function of an address being the basic one is supplemented and modified by a number of other functions actualized in communication, i.e. the phatic one (establishing and developing the contact with the addressee), the status one (reflecting the status responsibility of the communicants), the emotional and attitudinal one (characterizing the addressee and the attitude of the speaker towards the uttered information). Such modification explains the polyfunctional character of the address in communication. All units of address, just like the components of the addressing functional field, are polysemantic and polysemy comprises every type of an address. According to the communicative tasks the following functions can be stated within the vocative one: nominative (naming the addressee), deixis (identifying the addressee), vocative proper (attracting the addressee’s attention). The field model of addresses’ semantic structures allows to research standard and nonstandard vocatives. The standard addresses form the nucleus of the semantic field under research and characterize stability of their application in one of the above-mentioned functions. Nonstandard vocative lexemes (1 % of the total amount of the experimental material) can play the role of an address under certain circumstances. They form semantically heterogeneous (conditioned by a situation) group, located in the periphery area of the semantic field of addresses. The addresses that include anthroponyms form the most widely used group (64,5 % in Ukrainian and 68,1 % in French), the second place belongs to the addresses with appellatives (34,6 % and 29,9 %, correspondingly). As to the composition of appellatives in the status and role addresses they comprise 36,4 % in Ukrainian and 34,9 % in French. Attitudinal addresses reach 63 % and 65,1 %, correspondingly.

Reforming the Role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in Advancing Democratic Principles and Human Rights in African Countries: An Examination Using the Lens of Swaziland/ eSwatini

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Sarkin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
The Status ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Limited Compliance ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
African Commission

This article explores the role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the role it plays regarding human rights in individual country situations in Africa. It specifically examines the extent to which it has been able to advance a human rights agenda in countries with long-standing human rights problems. The article uses Swaziland/ eSwatini as a lens to examine the matter, because of the longstanding problems that exist in that country. This is done to indicate how the institution works over time on a country’s human rights problems. The article examines a range of institutional structural matters to establish how these issues affect the role of the Commission in its work. The article examines the way in which the Commission uses its various tools, including its communications, the state reporting processes, fact-finding visits, and resolutions, to determine whether those tools are being used effectively. The article examines how the Commission’s processes issues also affect it work. Issues examined negatively affecting the Commission are examined, including problems with the status of its resolutions and communications, limited compliance with its outcomes, and inadequate state cooperation. Reforms necessary to enhance to role and functions of the Commission are surveyed to determine how the institution could become more effective. The African Union’s (AU|) Kagame Report on AU reform is briefly reviewed to examine the limited view and focus of AU reform processes and why AU reform ought to focus on enhancing human rights compliance. The article makes various suggestions on necessary institutional reforms but also as far as the African Commission’s procedures and methods of work to allow it to have a far more effective role in the promotion and protection of human rights on the continent. It is noted that political will by the AU and African states is the largest obstacle to giving the Commission the necessary independence, support and assistance that it needs to play the role in Africa that it should.

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