Soil pollution and site remediation policies in China: A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.N. Li ◽  
W.T. Jiao ◽  
R.B. Xiao ◽  
W.P. Chen ◽  
A.C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Site Restoration ◽  
Soil Cleanup

It was not until the 1980s that China’s policy makers became aware of the detrimental impacts on urban health from soil pollution as a result of industrial waste emissions. For the past three decades, the Chinese government has strived to prevent and control industrial pollution. Setting appropriate environmental policies is the key to mitigating the legacy of industrial waste emissions accumulated for three decades. In this paper, we review the development process by outlining the evolution of the policies and the resulting legal infrastructure in terms of acts, regulations, ordinances, and standards. Deficiencies of the existing policies are identified. In the early stages, environmental policies were fragmented, consisting of single-purpose laws that are narrowly focused. With time, these policies gradually evolved to become better integrated and comprehensive management plans. However, the laws emphasize contaminated site restoration instead of preventing soil pollution. The legal framework shows that the policies that are in place often lack clear mandates because the authorizations are piggybacked on environmental acts and regulations that do not directly address issues of soil pollution. Furthermore, implementation plans are impractical due to outdated soil quality standards, unclear soil cleanup goals, unenforceable liability and supervision mechanisms, limited funding, lack of transparency and public outreach, and the unreliable financial and technical capabilities of the remediation industries.

scholarly journals Decoupling Analysis between Economic Growth and Air Pollution in Key Regions of Air Pollution Control in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6600
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Lipeng Hou ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Lina Tang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
No2 Pollution

The Chinese government has implemented a number of environmental policies to promote the continuous improvement of air quality while considering economic development. Scientific assessment of the impact of environmental policies on the relationship between air pollution and economic growth can provide a scientific basis for promoting the coordinated development of these two factors. This paper uses the Tapio decoupling theory to analyze the relationship between regional economic growth and air pollution in key regions of air pollution control in China—namely, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and surrounding areas (BTHS), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD)—based on data of GDP and the concentrations of SO2, PM10, and NO2 for 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2019. The results show that the SO2, PM10, and NO2 pollution in the key regions show strong and weak decoupling. The findings additionally indicate that government policies have played a significant role in improving the decoupling between air pollution and economic development. The decoupling between economic growth and SO2 and PM10 pollution in the BTHS, YRD, and PRD is better than that in other regions, while the decoupling between economic growth and NO2 pollution has not improved significantly in these regions. To improve the relationship between economic growth and air pollution, we suggest that the governments of China and other developing countries should further optimize and adjust the structure of industry, energy, and transportation; apply more stringent targets and measures in areas of serious air pollution; and strengthen mobile vehicle pollution control.

Industrial Waste: Soil Pollution and Remediation

2020 ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
W. Friesl-Hanl ◽  
M.H. Gerzabek ◽  
W.W. Wenzel ◽  
W.E.H. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Waste Soil

scholarly journals Pituitary Macroadenoma Manifesting As Acromegaly: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-11
Author(s):  
Dian Primadia Putri ◽  
Brama Ihsan Sazli
Keyword(s):  
Brain Mri ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Pituitary Macroadenoma ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Clinical Disorder ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Chief Complaints

Background: Acromegaly is an uncommon clinical disorder driven by high serum levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Over 99% of patients with acromegaly harbor a GH emitting pituitary adenoma. Pituitary tumors represent about 15% of essential intracranial neoplasms. Case presentation: A 38 years old woman, was referred to the H. Adam Malik central public hospital on December 15th, 2020, with chief complaints of enlarged fingers and toes. The patient complained that the patient's fingers and toes were getting bigger in the past 2 years. The brain MRI was performed showed intrasella spherical intensity lesions measuring ± 2.3x1.5x2 cm with the impression of macroadenoma. The patient later diagnosed with acromegaly due to pituitary macroadenoma. Therefore the patient was treated with administration of sandostatin injection, novorapid 6-6-6 IU SC, then 0-0-12 IU SC, 3x1 salt capsules. The patient is also consulted to the neurosurgery department for surgical management plans and a consulted to the Ophthalmology Department. Conclusion: We report an instance of acromegaly suspected because of pituitary macroadenoma in a patient with unmistakable clinical highlights, with comprehensive management.

scholarly journals Social Credit System in the People's Republic of China: normative legal framework and principles of functionality

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-53
Author(s):  
Roman Z. Rouvinsky ◽  
Tatiana Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Social

This article examines the normative legal framework and principles of functionality of the Social Credit System that is currently being implemented in the People's Republic of China. For the first time in legal science, the Social Credit System is viewed not as an organizational and regulatory technique that in one or another way is related to law, but rather as an independent legal institution relevant to the branch of administrative law. The application of formal-legal and comparative-legal methods allows describing the hierarchy of sources of the Chinese law pertaining to social credit mechanisms and procedures, as well as giving characteristics to major provisions of the corresponding normative acts. The peculiarities of legal regulation of the mechanisms and procedures that comprise the Social Credit System in PRC include the following aspects: sublegislative nature of such regulation, prevalence of joint lawmaking, focal role of normative legal acts of the Chinese government, declarative character and ambiguity of multiple legal provisions with regards to the Social Credit System. The author underline the specificity of interpretation of the normative legal acts of the People's Republic of China, usage by the lawmaking branches of moral categories in formulation of provisions for regulation of elaboration and implementation of the social credit mechanisms. The provisions of governmental and departmental normative legal acts pertaining to the Social Credit System are correlated with the provisions of the current Constitution of the People's Republic of China.

scholarly journals Minimizing the Environmental Impact of Industrial Production: Evidence from South Korean Waste Treatment Investment Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Shvetsova ◽  
Jang Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Industrial Waste Management

This research deals with the theoretical and practical issues of investment support activities for industrial waste management in developed countries, based on the example of South Korea. The main goal of this research is the evaluation of waste treatment investment projects and understanding their impact on the development of environmental policies. The problems of forming the sustainable systems for controlling the disposal of industrial wastes are being studied. The authors discuss the practical application of environmental policies and modern technologies of South Korean companies in the field of industrial waste processing. The approaches of waste investment project’s evaluation are applied and multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods were discussed for various cases and applications. Using MCDM methods, the authors study the effectiveness of investment projects in waste treatment activities in Korea. The analyses of MCDM methods are implemented in this research to provide some instructions on how to effectively apply these methods in waste treatment investment project analyses. Furthermore, the authors propose a combination of multi-criterial selection and interval preferences to evaluate waste treatment projects. The proposed approach improves the method of calculating economic efficiency based on a one-dimensional criterion and sensitivity analysis. The main results of this research perform the investment impact and risk-analysis on the environmental policies development.

scholarly journals Challenges for Protected Areas Management in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 5879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao He ◽  
An Cliquet
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Natural Resources Management ◽  
Protected Area Management ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Guarantee System ◽  
Protected Areas Management ◽  
Legal Literature

Protected areas are widely recognized as a cornerstone of biodiversity and natural resources management and sustainable development. Protected areas are a vital part of securing human prosperity and quality of life. In China, the legal framework for protected area management is scattered around various regulations. In order to better manage protected areas in China, the Chinese government has issued and revised some laws, regulations and policies on protected areas conservation and management. However, protected areas management is still facing some challenges. There is little legal literature on this issue and this paper tries to fill this gap. Firstly, it will briefly introduce the most relevant laws, regulations and policy on protected areas management. Secondly, it will analyze the recent challenges of protected areas management. Thirdly, some possible suggestions on how to better solve the recent challenges on protected areas management in China will be proposed. These suggestions include improving the management system, improving the relevant legislation, promoting public participation and establishing a diversified funding guarantee system.

Multimedia Risk-Based Soil Cleanup at a Gasoline-Contaminated Site Using Vapor Extraction

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Mills ◽  
Kay M. Johnson ◽  
Sally Liu ◽  
John Y. Loh ◽  
Christine S. Lew
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Vapor Extraction ◽  
Soil Cleanup

scholarly journals State Control by Stealth in the Big Data Era – From WeChat to the Social Credit System in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-109
Author(s):  
Grace Li
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Credit System ◽  
Social Credit ◽  
Privacy Laws ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Potential Abuse

This paper begins with a brief study on the development of the Chinese all-in-one app, WeChat, explaining how WeChat secured its popularity as the multi-functional ubiquitous mobile app in China. By using WeChat as an example, this paper further studies how the Social Credit System (SCS) in China was established out of collaboration between the Chinese government and eight entrusted private companies. This paper then analyses and evaluates the SCS from a socio-legal perspective, focusing on two key implications: the opaque algorithms and the potential abuse of power. The paper argues that the SCS needs to first gain trust from Chinese citizens. A starting point would be immediate action to standardise and reduce the opacity of the prototype. To enhance the longevity and effectiveness of the SCS, developing a legal framework to prohibit potential information misuse by the State and the entrusted companies is crucial: it needs to be put in place sooner rather than later. In constructing the much-needed legal framework, developing privacy laws is certainly a core step, but the framework needs more than just privacy laws. One crucial safeguard is the requirement for an independent tribunal or ombudsman to deal with credit-related complaints fairly and efficiently.  

scholarly journals STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT AND MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR NATIONAL PARKS IN SERBIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Dobričić ◽  
◽  
Milica Maksić Mulalić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Strategy Management ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protection Strategy ◽  
Management Plans

The management of the national parks Tara, Fruška Gora, Djerdap and Kopaonik and the activities of the managers in Serbia are affairs of the public interest. The manner of their strategic management is defined by the legal framework in the field of nature protection and it implies the adoption and the implementation of documents, such as the nature protection strategy, management plans and spatial plans for the special purpose areas. The paper particularly emphasizes the importance of adopting management plans for national parks, as basic documents for their management, as well as their harmonization with the spatial plans for the special purpose areas, as specific instruments for the management of these areas. It points out the importance of establishing governing bodies, such as a professional alliance and a council of users of national parks, which would improve their management and incorporate the interests of local people and users of space. In accordance with the above, this paper aims to point out the importance of strategic management and strategic documents in the field of protection and management of national parks in Serbia and give suggestions for their improvement.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL STUDIES CONCERNING RESIDUAL SOIL POLLUTION BY HEAVY METALS

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN RADU ◽  
VALENTIN NEDEFF ◽  
ALEXANDRA-DANA CHIŢIMUŞ
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>The paper describes a series of theoretical aspects concerning residual soil pollution by heavy metals. Heavy metals, unlike organic and radionuclide pollutants, are considered to be the most persistent/resistant polluting substances in the soil, displaying a tendency for accumulation. The behavior of heavy metals in the soil depends on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, as well as on their origin and source. Knowledge of the properties of heavy metals is very important, having in view the necessity of applying isolation measures for a contaminated site.</p>

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