The age of the dinosaur-bearing sediments at Tebch, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 2101-2106 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Eberth ◽  
D. A. Russell ◽  
D. R. Braman ◽  
A. L. Deino
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Western Liaoning ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Extensional Tectonic ◽  
Step Heating ◽  
The One

The coarsening-upward clastic sequence at Tebch, Inner Mongolia, China, containing the dinosaur Psittacosaurus mongoliensis, comprises the remains of a fluviolacustrine system deposited in an extensional tectonic setting.The presence of Asteropollis sp. cf. Asteropollis trichotomosulcatus (Singh) Singh, 1983 in conjunction with the absence of tricolpate pollen indicates a Barremian or possibly early Aptian age. The overlying Tebch basalt, dated by the 40Ar/39Ar laser step-heating method, yields a mid-Aptian age of 110 ± 0.52 Ma.This chronology supports the argument that the Juifotang Formation of the Jehe Group in western Liaoning is Early Cretaceous, with the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary very low within, or below, the base of the Jehe Group. Our data also suggest that the Berriasian–Hauterivian (Neocomian) age suggested for the one known Russian locality that has yielded P. mongoliensis (Shestakovskaya Svita at Gorno-Altayaskaya, Avtonomnaya Oblast) may be excessively old.

The affinities of a new theropod from the Alxa Desert, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 2107-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale A. Russell ◽  
Zhi-Ming Dong
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Short Tail ◽  
Skeletal Reconstruction

Remains of bipedal saurischians from lacustrine strata of Albian age in the Alxa ("Alashan") Desert of Inner Mongolia represent a new taxon and the most complete remains of an Early Cretaceous theropod so far discovered in Asia. A skeletal reconstruction generally resembles that of a moderately large prosauropod with long arms and a short tail. However, in its detailed morphology the reptile appears to be close to the ancestry of the Therizinosauridae Maleev, 1954 (for which Segno-sauridae Perle, 1979 is probably a junior synonym). These theropods are best referred to the Tetanurae of Gauthier, 1986. However, a provisional analysis of the distribution of therizinosauroid characters within tetanurans suggests the existence of two subordinate groups: the Carnosauria (Allosaurus, dromaeosaurids, and tyrannosaurids) and the Oviraptorosauria (including therizinosauroids, ornithomimids, troodontids, and oviraptorids).

A Lower Cretaceous enantiornithine bird from the Ordos Basin of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 2177-2179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ming Dong
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Ordos Basin

The discovery of an Early Cretaceous bird from the Ordos Basin of Inner Mongolia (People's Republic of China) is reported. The specimen, collected by the Dinosaur Project (China – Canada – Alberta – Ex Terra) Expedition of 1990, includes scapulocoracoids, humeri, radii, ulnae and metacarpals. It is referred to the Enantiornithes.

The Normalization of Sino-French Diplomatic Relations in 1964 and the Formation of the “One-China” Principle: Negotiations over Breaking French Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of China Government and the Recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the Sole Legitimate Government

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-271
Author(s):  
Madoka Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article examines the substance and modification of the “One-China” principle, which the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursued in the mid 1960s. Under this principle, a country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC was required first to break off such relations with the Republic of China (ROC). In 1964 the PRC established diplomatic relations with France. This was its first ambassadorial exchange with a Western government. The PRC, in the negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations, attempted to achieve some consensus with France on the matter of “One-China”. The PRC, nevertheless, had to abandon these attempts, even though it demanded fewer conditions of France than of the United States (USA), Japan and other Western countries in the 1970s. The PRC had demanded adherence to the “One-China” principle since 1949. France, however, refused to accept this condition. Nevertheless, the PRC established diplomatic relations with France before the latter broke off relations with the ROC. Subsequently, the PRC abandoned the same condition in negotiations with the African governments of the Republic of Congo, Central Africa, Dahomey and Mauritania. After the negotiations with France, the PRC began to insist that the joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations should clearly state that “the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China”. However, France refused to insert these words into the communiqué. Afterwards, the PRC nevertheless insisted on putting such a statement into the joint communiqués or exchanges of notes on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the African countries mentioned above. This was done in order to set precedents for making countries accede to the “One-China” principle. The “One-China” principle was, thus, gradually formed in the process of the negotiation and bargaining between the PRC and other governments.

scholarly journals Nature of new power of supervision and judicial supervision

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-191
Author(s):  
Mingyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
The Other ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Supervision System ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The article provides an overview of the reform of the surveillance system in the People’s Republic of China. The establishment of the supervisory commission is conducive to the integration and optimization of anticorruption forces and building up a centralized, unified, authoritative and efficient supervision system. However, the anti-corruption mechanism has also moved towards centralized from decentralized, and the mixture of powers with different natures has increased risks and uncertainties in the process of supervision. On the one hand, the balance of legal powers among state organs is touched; on the other hand, it is not conducive to the protection of rights of the investigated.

scholarly journals The world’s biggest hotel companies. Old trends and new tendencies

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
The Other ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hotel Chains ◽  
The One

Abstract Many hotels are owned by a few dozen so-called hotel chains or hotel systems. The rapid growth of big hotel companies can be regarded as proof of the entrance of hotel systems into the globalisation phase. Since 2006, companies from the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have been among the world’s top hotel systems. This year can be considered as the symbolic beginning of a new stage in the history of the largest hotel systems. This paper shows two main trends. On the one hand, the processes that could be observed in the market of the major global hotel systems from the 1990s are still discernible (for example, the position of the so-called hotel megasystems). On the other hand, new trends have come to the fore in recent years, notably the emergence of systems from the People’s Republic of China among the world’s largest hotel systems.

scholarly journals A Violation of “One Country, Two Systems:” Chinese Encroachment on Hong Kong’s Democratic Autonomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Selig ◽  
Bridget Gagne ◽  
Nick MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Special Administrative Region ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
One Country Two Systems ◽  
The One

Since 1997 Hong Kong has operated as a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China under a policy known as “One Country, Two Systems.” An analysis of the critical period of 1997-2020 (which came to a close with the 2020 National Security Law) demonstrates the ways in which the People’s Republic of China has used its influence to limit the democratic autonomy and ideological independence of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. By breaking down China’s actions into three distinct sections of politics, media, and education this review addresses the many layers and facets of Chinese encroachment on the freedoms of the people of Hong Kong. In the political sector, China has worked to limit democratic representation in Hong Kong via interference in the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of Hong Kong’s government. In the field of media, China has used direct and indirect editorial action as well as economic influence to limit negative perceptions of Beijing. In the education system, China has taken a top-down approach to instill Chinese patriotism in Hong Kong’s curriculum to expand the support for China in Hong Kong’s youth. Tracking these violations of Hong Kong’s autonomy and also the people’s response demonstrates that although China continues to push the “One Country” aspect of the “One Country, Two Systems” policy, the people of Hong Kong will continue to fight for their freedoms as long as they have a voice.

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