40Ar/39Ar chronology of the Nain anorthosites, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1166-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
S. A. Morse
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Contact Aureole ◽  
Effusion Rate ◽  
Rifted Margins ◽  
Massif Anorthosite ◽  
Nain Plutonic Suite

A hornblende 40Ar/39Ar age of 1328 ± 8 Ma has been obtained from the contact aureole of the Bird Lake Massif, confirming it as one of the oldest members of the Nain plutonic suite. This age constrains the timing of the early stage magma activity of the Nain plutonic suite.Plagioclase samples from the intrusions yield either U-shaped, or staircase-shaped 40Ar/39Ar age spectra, and most of them have two isochrons of similar age but greatly different initial argon composition. Most plagioclase closure ages are >95% of either the hornblende age from a contact aureole or coexisting biotite ages, and appear to reflect single cooling events for each intrusion. Two major stages of emplacement for the Nain anorthosites are identified: an older anorthosite event and a main anorthosite event, in agreement with results from earlier field studies. The Port Manvers Run, Paul Island, and Nukasorsuktokh Island intrusions yield much younger plagioclase ages than any previously established intrusion ages, probably reflecting previously unknown later, local heating events.The total duration of the major anorthositic magma activity in the Nain region is about 23 Ma, estimated from the Bird Lake massif margin at 1328 ± 8 Ma and the Kiglapait intrusion at 1305 ± 2 Ma (Sm/Nd, U/Pb), implying an emplacement rate of about 0.0022 km3/year. This rate is far less than the effusion rate of magma on some of the Phanerozoic rifted margins and supports the "aborted rifting" model for the generation of massif anorthosite.

scholarly journals Method of quantitative assessment of the regularities of natural restoration of biota in zones of technogenic disturbance by extractive enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Jury Galchenko ◽  
Julia Ozaryan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Bifurcation Point ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Spoil Heaps ◽  
Regeneration Processes

The paper presents the results of field studies of tendencies in plant communities self-regeneration processes in the zone of their technogenic disturbance and on the surfaces of rock spoil heaps. It has been established that in the former case the key factor determining the nature of development of self-regeneration processes is the correspondence of the width of the transitional community to the length of transfer of seeds of primary plant community edificatory and assectator species. In the latter case, the key self-regeneration succession sere passes the bifurcation point at a very early stage of its development.

Anthelmintic resistance and novel control options in equine gastrointestinal nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Raza ◽  
Abdul Ghaffar Qamar ◽  
Khizar Hayat ◽  
Shoaib Ashraf ◽  
Andrew R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Macrocyclic Lactones ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Worm Control ◽  
And Control

AbstractControl of equine nematodes has relied on benzimidazoles (BZs), tetrahydropyrimidines and macrocyclic lactones. The intensive use of anthelmintics has led to the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in equine cyathostomins and Parascaris equorum. Field studies indicate that BZ and pyrantel resistance is widespread in cyathostomins and there are also increasing reports of resistance to macrocyclic lactones in cyathostomins and P. equorum. The unavailability of reliable laboratory-based techniques for detecting resistance further augments the problem of nematode control in horses. The only reliable test used in horses is the fecal egg count reduction test; therefore, more focus should be given to develop and validate improved methodologies for diagnosing AR at an early stage, as well as determining the mechanisms involved in resistance development. Therefore, equine industry and researchers should devise and implement new strategies for equine worm control, such as the use of bioactive pastures or novel feed additives, and control should increasingly incorporate alternative and evidence-based parasite control strategies to limit the development of AR. This review describes the history and prevalence of AR in equine nematodes, along with recent advances in developing resistance diagnostic tests and worm control strategies in horses, as well as giving some perspective on recent research into novel control strategies.

Laboratory Simulation of Pentachlorophenol / Phenate Behaviour in an Alluvial Aquifer

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Patterson ◽  
H.M. Liebscher
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Alluvial Aquifer ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Retardation Factor ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract In 1978, about 18,000 litres of a chlorophenol/phenate solution leaked from a sawmill dip tank located approximately 120 metres from the Okanagan River in Penticton, B.C. Results of field studies indicated that the chlorophenol/phenate migrated through a surficial alluvial aquifer toward the river and that the retardation factor for the contaminants was between 1,05 and 1.43. A purge we 11 remedial operation recovered only about 40% of the spilled chlorophenol/phenate. More than five years after the purging operation, low levels of chlorophenol/phenate were still present in the groundwater. A column test to simulate the subsurface transport and purging behaviour of pentachlorophenol/phenate was conducted in the laboratory under conditions which duplicated, as closely as possible, those in the field. Results, which suggest a retardation factor of about 1.25 and non-equilibrium (i.e. slow) sorption/desorption, can account for the behaviour of the contaminants in the aquifer under natural flow conditions and during purging. The success achieved in the simulation indicates that these types of tests can be applied usefully in the study of contaminant behaviour in the subsurface. In addition, they could play an important role in waste site assessment and remediation programs where purging is an alternative. Data can be obtained at relatively low cost and at an early stage in an investigation, and could be employed to provide a preliminary assessment of the probable efficiency of purging. Moreover, the results could be applied to establish parameters and operating conditions that will improve the effectiveness of costly field tests that must precede the design of an optimal purging system.

scholarly journals Utilization of bio-control agent in management of okra pest

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Muhammad Mari ◽  
Shahnawaz Mari ◽  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Riffat Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Agriculture Research Institute ◽  
Ipm Strategy

Field studies on the efficacy of bio-control agents (lacewing and Trichograma) in the management of okra pests were carried out at the trial area of Entomology Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tando Jam. Seeds of okra (Subz pari) were sown on 7th February 2017 in a complete randomized block design with three replications. The biocontrol agents, lacewing and Trichogramma (1300 eggs/card) each were released. Lacewing was found very effective against aphid, jassid and whitefly in the field. Aphid was found at early stage of crop and touched the maximum level in midFebruary, therefore its population decreased quickly. Jassid increased linearly and was high after 6th week of observation and then decreased subsequently till picking of the crop. On the other hand, whitefly population increased linearly till 9th week of observation and then decreased and eventually disappeared from the crop on 19th week of observation. Trichogramma was observed as a main natural enemy of spotted bollworm of okra and reduced bollworm population. The population of bollworm increased slowly till harvesting of the crop. It is concluded from the present study that both the bio-control agents successfully lowered the populations of sucking and chewing insect pests and bollworms of okra. Lacewing was found effective against sucking insect pests while Trichogram efficiently controlled bollworms and are recommended for field applications. These bio-control agents can also be incorporated in IPM strategy

scholarly journals HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES CONTENT DYNAMICS IN PLANTS AFTER APPLICATION ON SOYA CROPS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
S.T. Omelchuk ◽  
A.V. Blagaya ◽  
M.V. Kondratyuk ◽  
T.V. Hyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Limit Of Determination ◽  
Active Substances

Relevance. Taking into account the widespread application of plant protection products in soybean cultivation, there is a need for research aimed at hygienic evaluation of the potential danger of soybean crop contamination after pesticide and in particular insecticides application. Objective of the study is a hygienic evaluation of insecticides content dynamics in plants after application on soya crops. Materials and methods. Materials – active ingredients of the studied insecticidal preparations, soya plants (verdurous mass, beans and seeds). Full-scale in-field hygienic experiment, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, statistical methods were used in the study. Results. The highest concentration of active substances was determined in green plants, if processing had been performed at an early stage of plant formation (acetamipride – 0.63 mg/kg, fenproximate – 0.41 mg/kg, thiamethoxam – 0.21 mg/kg). In the case of twice repeated applications, the largest amount of pesticides was determined in beans and seeds (alpha-cypermethrin – 0.51 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos, tebufenpyrad – 0.35 mg/kg). As the culture ripened and the formation of beans and seeds took place, the content of active substances gradually decreased and after 20-25 days residues were found at or below the limit of determination for the corresponding methods. Conclusions. The redidues of alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, chlorpyrifos cypermethrin, tebufenpyrad, phenpyroximate, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam in plants, beans and soybean seeds gradually decreased and did not exceed established hygienic standards by the harvesting period in field studies. It is proved that if to follow the established hygienic and agrotechnical regulations for its application, the studied insecticides dissipate or decompose in crop plants during one vegetative season and do not pose a potential risk to the health of consumers.

scholarly journals Add-on Ayurveda Treatment for early stage COVID-19: A single centre retrospective cohort study from Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Thakar ◽  
Kalpesh Panara ◽  
Falgun Patel ◽  
Shital Bhagiya ◽  
Mandip Goyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Conventional Care ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Record Review

The retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of Ayurveda treatment exposure as an add-on to conventional care in early stage COVID-19 patients admitted at Samaras COVID care centre, Ahmedabad, India. Conventional care included Vitamin-c, Azithromycin, and Paracetamol. Ayurveda formulations used as add-on were Dashamula and Pathyadi decoctions along with Trikatu powder, Sanshamani tablet, AYUSH -64 tablet AND Yastimadhu Ghana tablet for oral administration. Considering Add-on Ayurveda medicines as exposure of interest, patients who received Add-on Ayurveda medicines at least for seven days were included in the exposed group while those who received only conventional care in unexposed group. Data was collected through record review and telephonic interviews. The outcomes of interest were the development of symptoms, duration of symptomatic phase in those progressing to symptomatic stage and mortality. Total 762 participants were included [541 (71%) in the exposed group and 221 (29%) in the unexposed]. Progression to symptomatic phase did not differ significantly between groups [27.6 % in exposed, 24.6% in unexposed, adjusted RR 0.85; 95% CI 0.6-1.2]. The total duration of symptomatic phase among those progressing to the symptomatic stage was significantly decreased in the exposed group (x̅= 3.66±1.55 days in exposed (n=133); x̅= 5.34±3.35 days in unexposed (n=61), p<0.001). No mortality was observed in either of the groups. Ayurveda Treatment as adjunctive to conventional care reduced the duration of symptomatic phase in early stage COVID 19 as compared to standalone conventional care. Add-on Ayurveda treatment has promising potential for management of early stage COVID-19.

Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1Ra) Targets the Proliferative Component in Early Stage Myeloma.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2412-2412
Author(s):  
John A. Lust ◽  
Martha Q. Lacy ◽  
Angela Dispenzieri ◽  
Morie A. Gertz ◽  
Steven R. Zeldenrust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Myeloma Cell ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Clinical Activity ◽  
Myeloma Cells ◽  
M Spike

Abstract Background: It has been hypothesized that multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable due to a stemcell/proliferative component that responds only partially to standard treatment regimens. We have shown that abnormal production of IL-1beta in the myeloma microenvironment stimulates the generation of paracrine IL-6, the central myeloma growth factor, and that IL-1Ra will inhibit paracrine IL-6 production in vitro. Based on these preclinical studies, we have developed a Phase II trial using IL-1Ra. Purpose: To determine the biologic and clinical activity of IL-1Ra (Anakinra) in a subgroup of smoldering MM (SMM) patients that present with an elevated plasma cell labeling index (PCLI; a measure of myeloma cell proliferation). Methods: Patients that had ≥ 10% bone marrow plasma cells and/or an IgG or IgA M-spike ≥ 3 g/dL and did not require immediate chemotherapy were eligible. Patients received 100 mg of Anakinra (IL-1Ra) SQ qd for a total duration of 6 months. Results: Eleven of 29 patients enrolled on the protocol had an on-study PCLI > 0 and have completed six months of therapy with IL-1Ra. Seven of the 11 patients had a decrease in the PCLI of 75–100% (see Table), three had only modest changes (≤ 50%), and one had an increase. The decrease in the PCLI paralleled a decrease in the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) in all cases (43–90% decrease). The above results suggested that IL-1Ra inhibited IL-6 production in the myeloma microenvironment, as evidenced by a reduction in the CRP, resulting in suppression of myeloma cell growth. However, there was little effect on the M-protein. To investigate these clinical observations, we co-cultured IL-1beta transduced +/− myeloma cells with stromal cells +/− dexamethasone (DEX), IL-1Ra, or both for 48 hours and quantitated the percent apoptotic cells by flow cytometry and IL-6 production by ELISA. The results showed: 1) IL-1Ra was superior at inhibition of IL-6 but caused no increase in apoptosis; 2) the DEX apoptotic effect was eliminated by IL-6 3) DEX and IL-1Ra combined induced maximal IL-6 inhibition and apoptosis of myeloma cells. Based on these in vitro results, 5 of the 11 patients have been advanced to IL-1Ra + low dose DEX (20 mg/week) resulting in 4/5 minor responses (25–50% decrease M-spike) and 1/5 with stable disease. Conclusion: The use of IL-1Ra is a novel targeted therapeutic strategy that interferes with myeloma cell growth. By inhibiting IL-1beta induced IL-6 production, IL-1Ra specifically targets the proliferative myeloma fraction and also complements DEX induced apoptosis. Preliminary studies on the use of IL-1 inhibitors in SMM patients to delay/prevent progression to active MM and to minimize toxicity appear encouraging, however, more patients need to be studied. Patient # On Study 6 months % Change 1 PCLI 0.8% 0% −100% CRP (mg/L) 2.01 0.58 − 71% M-spike (g/dL) 2.5 2.4 − 4% 2 PCLI 0.2% 0% − 100% CRP 0.89 0.51 − 43% M-spike 2.8 2.7 − 3% 3 PCLI 0.2% 0% − 100% CRP 5.7 1.02 − 82% M-spike 2.9 2.9 0% 4 PCLI 4.1% 1% − 75% CRP 3.39 1.51 − 55% M-spike 3.8 3.6 − 5% 5 PCLI 0.4% 0% − 100% CRP 3.46 0.34 − 90% M-spike 2.7 3.1 15% 6 PCLI 0.3% 0% − 100% CRP 17 5.35 − 68% M-spike 4.4 3.9 − 11% 7 PCLI 1.2% 0% − 100% CRP 1.06 0.32 − 70% M-spike 3.1 2.9 − 6%

Granulite-facies regional and contact metamorphism of the Tasiuyak paragneiss, northern Labrador: textural evolution and interpretation

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1413-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Tettelaar ◽  
Aphrodite Indares
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
Contact Aureole ◽  
Metamorphic Overprint ◽  
Textural Evolution ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Nain Plutonic Suite ◽  
Pelitic Rocks

The Tasiuyak paragneiss at the western margin of the Nain Plutonic Suite has been subjected to two granulite-facies metamorphic events: (i) regional metamorphism during the Paleoproterozoic Torngat orogeny, and (ii) contact metamorphism due to emplacement of the Mesoproterozoic Nain Plutonic Suite. Regional metamorphism led to partial melting of pelitic rocks and the development of a locally well-preserved sequence of prograde and retrograde textures. These textures are partly controlled by bulk composition and formed in the pressure–temperature (P–T) field of the continuous reaction: biotite + sillimanite + plagioclase + quartz  = garnet + K-feldspar + melt, along a hairpin P–T path with peak conditions of ~8–10 kbar (0.8–1.0 GPa) and up to 870 °C in the NaKFMASH (Na2O–K2O–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O) system. These textures controlled the development of the contact metamorphic assemblages. Contact metamorphism of the pelitic rocks between the Tessiarsuyungoakh intrusion and the Makhavinekh Lake pluton led to growth of orthopyroxene-cordierite symplectite after garnet–biotite, and cordierite–spinel symplectite after garnet–sillimanite. These phase associations attest to reactions in specific microtextural settings, some of which produced a second generation of partial melt. Maximum temperatures were above ~750 °C and pressures were lower than those of the regional metamorphism. The aureole around the Makhavinekh Lake pluton is ~4 km wide and shows a progressive development of the contact metamorphic assemblages toward the pluton. In contrast, the contact metamorphic overprint is incipient around the Tessiarsuyungoakh intrusion, which developed a ~20 m wide contact aureole and is most prominent in screens of paragneiss within that intrusion.

scholarly journals Absenteeism and indirect costs during the year following the diagnosis of an operable breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clement Ferrier ◽  
Clémence Thebaut ◽  
Pierre Levy ◽  
Sandrine Baffert ◽  
Bernard Asselain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Friction Cost

AbstractIntroductionThe consequences of disease on work for individual patients as well as the consequences of absenteeism from work are subjects of interest for decision-makers.MethodsWe analyzed duration of absenteeism and related indirect costs for patients with a paid job during the year following diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer in the prospective OPTISOINS01 cohort. A human capital and friction costs approaches were considered for evaluation of lost working days. For this analysis, the friction period was estimated from recent French data. Statistical analysis included simple and multiple linear regression to identify determinants of absenteeism and indirect costs.Results93% of patients had at least one period of sick leave, with an average of 2 periods of sick leave and a mean total duration of 186 days. 24% of patients returned to work part-time after an average sick leave of 114 days (i.e. 41 LWD). Estimated indirect costs were €22,722.00 and €7,724.00 per patient, for the human capital and friction cost approaches, respectively. In the multiple linear regression model, factors associated with absenteeism were: invasive tumor (p=.043), mastectomy (p=.038), redo surgery (p=.002), chemotherapy (p=.027), being a manager (p=.025) or a craftsman (p=.005).ConclusionBreast cancer is associated with long periods of absenteeism during the year following diagnosis, but almost all patients were able to return to work. Major differences in the results were observed between the friction cost and human capital approaches, highlighting the importance of considering both approaches in such studies.

scholarly journals Sidney William Wooldridge, 1900-1963

1964 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 371-387
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Human Geography ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Birkbeck College ◽  
Bank Manager ◽  
Logical Interpretation ◽  
Physical Geology ◽  
Accurate Observation ◽  
Country Planning

Sidney William Wooldridge, who died on 25 April 1963, was the doyen of British geomorphologists and a great champion of field studies of all kinds. His publications on the physical geology and human geography of southeastern England are not only outstanding contributions to science but also documents of considerable significance for problems of town and country planning in that overcrowded region. Wooldridge was born on 16 November 1900 at Hornsey. His early years were spent at Sheen in Surrey where his father, Lewis William Wooldridge, was a bank manager. Subsequently his parents moved to Winchmore Hill and, with a brother and sister, he grew up in north London where he was to live for the greater part of his life. He was educated at Glendale County School, Wood Green, where he displayed a strong partiality for cricket and for exploring the local countryside of Hertfordshire. His tremendous enthusiasm for field studies developed at this early stage in his career as he became interested in the problems of the origin of the local gravel deposits and his capacity for accurate observation and logical interpretation were already apparent. While a schoolboy he attended evening classes at Birkbeck College where the lectures of J. W. Evans, F.R.S., still further fanned his geological interests.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document