Seismic reflection investigation of Kalamalka Lake: a "fiord lake" on the Interior Plateau of southern British Columbia

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1225-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry T. Mullins ◽  
Nicholas Eyles ◽  
Edward J. Hinchey
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profile ◽  
Sediment Record ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cordilleran Ice Sheet ◽  
Continental Interior ◽  
Sediment Fill

A uniboom seismic reflection profile survey has revealed the nature of bedrock relief and the acoustic character of Pleistocene glacial sediment fill beneath Kalamalka Lake in southern British Columbia. Despite its continental interior setting, Kalamalka Lake basin has many attributes of coastal fiords, such as being overdeepened below sea level and having closed bedrock depressions and a thick sediment fill.The bedrock surface beneath Kalamalka Lake has been eroded as much as 417 m below lake level (26 m below sea level) and is characterized by a series of closed, glacially overdeepened depressions. We suggest that the location of the lake basin is structurally controlled but was overdeepened by rapidly flowing ice that drained the interior portions of the Cordilleran ice sheet during repeated Pleistocene glaciations.Up to 272 m of sediment has been deposited beneath Kalamalka Lake. The greatest thickness of the sediment fill (up to 237 m) is a seismically transparent unit that overlies a thin (up to 20 m), discontinuous lower stratified unit and is overlain by a thin (up to 15 m), continuous upper unit that is well stratified. The sedimentological nature of the lower stratified unit is not known but could represent a discontinuous coarse lag. The thick, middle transparent unit is interpreted as a massive silt deposited rapidly in a proglacial lake from suspended-sediment plumes during deglaciation. The thin overlying stratified unit may be correlative with laminated glaciolacustrine "white silt" deposits that outcrop extensively across central and southern British Columbia, suggesting a common history of deglaciation and sedimentation.An ambitious research program focused on seismic stratigraphic definition, coupled with direct drill-core sampling, is needed to take full advantage of the extensive sediment record that exists beneath the large, glacially overdeepened lakes of southern British Columbia.

Sediment characteristics and sea-level history of Royal Roads Anchorage, Victoria, British Columbia

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1800-1810 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Linden ◽  
P. J. Schurer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nearshore Sediments ◽  
Juan De Fuca Strait

High-resolution and airgun seismic-reflection mapping of the approaches to Esquimalt Harbour, Juan de Fuca Strait, reveal that offshore, sea-floor sediments consist of a widespread glaciomarine unit recognizable to the entrance of the strait. The upper part of the unit has been dated at approximately 10 000 radiocarbon years BP. An early postglacial sea-level low of at least −50 m appears to have formed a widespread unconformity. Nearshore sediments above the unconformity consist of sands, muddy fine sands, and minor gravel that were deposited in a prograding marine environment. Sediments have been accumulating off Esquimalt Harbour at a rate of approximately 1.9 cm per 100 years.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Focused fluid flow and methane venting along the Queen Charlotte fault, offshore Alaska (USA) and British Columbia (Canada)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Prouty ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profile ◽  
Multibeam Echosounder ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Attribute Analysis ◽  
Multichannel Seismic Reflection

Contains additional information on neural-network chimney meta-attribute analysis, U-Th analysis as well as additional figures for water column data, multichannel seismic reflection profile, and multibeam echosounder (MBES) data.

Olympia Interstadial: vegetation, landscape history, and paleoclimatic implications of a mid-Wisconsinan (MIS3) nonglacial sequence from southwest British Columbia, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Hebda ◽  
Olav B. Lian ◽  
Stephen R. Hicock
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Vegetation Landscape ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cordilleran Ice Sheet ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

Lithostratigraphic, 14C, and palynologic analyses of peat and silty peat at three nearby sites reveal a 25 000 year vegetation and climate history of the Olympia Interstade for the Fraser Lowland, British Columbia, 300 km within the southern limit of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. At Lynn Valley, Polypodiaceae fern spores and nonarboreal pollen dominate >47.8 14C ka BP, reflecting unstable and cold landscapes. A Pinus–Poaceae zone follows, representing pine parkland and cool dry climate. Fluctuating values of Picea and Tsuga mertensiana pollen at Lynn and Seymour valleys and Port Moody characterize most of the Olympia Interstade during local peat deposition in Cyperaceae and Myrica wetlands until about 26.7 14C ka BP under a cool and moist climate. A brief Pinus – Tsuga heterophylla zone at Lynn Valley 44–39 14C ka BP suggests a climatic optimum. A Poaceae–Artemisia assemblage and deposition of silty sand after 26.7 14C ka BP reflect cooling and drying after which a unique Lycopodium assemblage at Lynn Valley suggests cold arid climate and Fraser Glaciation onset. These sequences have no progression to vegetation typical of warm, interglacial, Holocene-like climates, indicating an interstadial not an interglacial interval. Correlation with vegetation changes elsewhere in western North America suggests that the Olympia Interstade started about ∼52 14C ka BP (∼57 cal ka BP) and ended about 26 14C ka BP (30 cal ka BP).

Late Quaternary Sediments and Geomorphic History of the Southern Rocky Mountain Trench, British Columbia

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Glacier Recession ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cordilleran Ice Sheet ◽  
Southern Rocky Mountain

The southern Rocky Mountain Trench was a major outlet valley of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. Quaternary sediments underlying the floor of the trench in southeastern British Columbia consist mainly of glacial, glaciofluvial, and glaciolacustrine materials deposited during the Fraser (Pinedale) Glaciation, and fluvial and lacustrine sediments deposited during the preceding interglaciation.Deposits of three stades and two intervening nonglacial intervals are recognized. Interglacial sediments which contain wood dated at 26 800 ± 1000 y B.P. underlie drift of the early stade. During the interval between the early and middle stades, the Rocky Mountain Trench in southeastern British Columbia probably was completely deglaciated, and sediments were deposited in one or more lakes on the floor of the trench. In contrast, glacier recession between the middle and late stades was of short duration and extent; glaciolacustrine sediments were deposited only along the margins of the Rocky Mountain Trench, and apparently residual ice remained in the center of the valley. Final recession of the trunk glacier occurred prior to 10 000 y B.P. with no major halts and without significant stagnation of the terminus.

Quaternary stratigraphy and history, Williams Lake, British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Valley Fill ◽  
Braided Streams ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Cordilleran Ice Sheet ◽  
Sand And Gravel

Thick valley-fill sediments in the vicinity of Williams Lake, British Columbia, provide a detailed record of the late Quaternary history of an area near the centre of the former Cordilleran Ice Sheet. Stratigraphic units assigned to the late Wisconsinan Fraser Glaciation, the preceding (penultimate) glaciation, and the present interglaciation are described. Especially noteworthy are (1) thick units of sand and gravel deposited by braided streams, perhaps during periods of ice-sheet growth; and (2) complex glaciolacustrine sediments that accumulated in ice-dammed lakes during periods of deglaciation.Glaciers from the Coast and Cariboo mountains coalesced and flowed north over central British Columbia during late Wisconsinan time. Fraser Glaciation advance sediments and older Pleistocene deposits were partially removed by this ice sheet, and the eroded remnants were mantled with till. At the end of the Fraser Glaciation, the Cordilleran Ice Sheet downwasted and retreated southward along an irregular front across the study area. Parts of the ice sheet stagnated and disintegrated into tongues confined to valleys. Sediment carried by melt streams flowing from decaying ice masses was deposited in glacial lakes, in stream channels, and on floodplains.

Early growth of the last Cordilleran ice sheet deduced from glacio-isostatic depression in southwest British Columbia, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Clague ◽  
Duane Froese ◽  
Ian Hutchinson ◽  
Thomas S. James ◽  
Karen M. Simon
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cordilleran Ice Sheet

Relative sea level at Vancouver, British Columbia rose from below the present datum about 30,000 cal yr B.P. to at least 18 m above sea level 28,000 cal yr B.P. In contrast, eustatic sea level in this interval was at least 85 m lower than at present. The difference in the local and eustatic sea-level positions is attributed to glacio-isostatic depression of the crust in the expanding forefield of the Cordilleran ice sheet during the initial phase of the Fraser Glaciation. Our findings suggest that about 1 km of ice was present in the northern Strait of Georgia 28,000 cal yr B.P., early during the Fraser Glaciation.

Postglacial relative sea-level history of the Prince Rupert area, British Columbia, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 156-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryn Letham ◽  
Andrew Martindale ◽  
Rebecca Macdonald ◽  
Eric Guiry ◽  
Jacob Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Focused fluid flow and methane venting along the Queen Charlotte fault, offshore Alaska (USA) and British Columbia (Canada)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Prouty ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profile ◽  
Multibeam Echosounder ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Attribute Analysis ◽  
Multichannel Seismic Reflection

Contains additional information on neural-network chimney meta-attribute analysis, U-Th analysis as well as additional figures for water column data, multichannel seismic reflection profile, and multibeam echosounder (MBES) data.

The Late Wisconsinan deglacial history of the east-central Taseko Lakes area, British Columbia

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1509-1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Huntley ◽  
Bruce E. Broster
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Glacial Lakes ◽  
East Central ◽  
Valley Fill ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Cordilleran Ice Sheet

Late Wisconsinan Fraser Glaciation retreat-phase deposits and landforms in the east-central Taseko Lakes area, British Columbia, are used to demonstrate a four-phase model of deglaciation. During phase I, at the onset of ice retreat, the Cordilleran Ice Sheet occupied much of the study area, blocking southward drainage of Fraser River. Phase II was marked by the deglaciation of uplands and plateaux. Meltwater drainage patterns were controlled by stagnating glaciers confined to valleys. Phase III commenced as remnant ice in the Fraser Valley downwasted to between 850 and 760 m elevation. At this time, interlobate glacial lakes formed in hanging valleys east of Fraser River. Drainage of glacial lakes occurred subglacially, and was accompanied by disintegration of remnant ice and an increase in mass movements in valleys. These events were followed by decreased sedimentation rates, reflecting lower meltwater volumes and exhaustion of unstable glacial debris during phase IV. Postglaciation valley fill was subject to fluvial degradation and terracing as modern drainage patterns became established.

Deglaciation of Chilliwack River valley, British Columbia

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Saunders ◽  
John J. Clague ◽  
Michael C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Quaternary Sediments ◽  
Radiocarbon Data ◽  
Cordilleran Ice Sheet ◽  
Detailed Record ◽  
Different Levels

Quaternary sediments and landforms in Chilliwack River valley, southwestern British Columbia, provide a detailed record of déglaciation of this area between 12 000 and 11 000 years BP. Stratigraphic, sedimentological, and radiocarbon data show that a large glacier in eastern Fraser Lowland (part of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet) blocked the mouth of Chilliwack valley at a time when the middle reaches of the valley were ice free. A lake existed between the ice dam in the lower part of the valley and a delta – sandur complex, west of Chilliwack Lake, in the upper part of the valley. Two relatively minor advances of the Fraser Lowland ice lobe into lower Chilliwack valley occurred about 11 500 and 11 200 years BP. These were separated by a brief period of recession during which tephra was deposited and a coniferous forest and soil developed on freshly deglaciated terrain. Shortly after 11 200 years BP, a glacial lake formed in Cultus Lake basin; two sets of terraces in lower Chilliwack valley are graded to different levels of this lake. The glacier dam at the mouth of Chilliwack valley disappeared about 11 000 years BP, and déglaciation of Fraser Lowland was complete less than 100 years later.

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