U–Pb and Rb–Sr geochronology of Acadian plutonism in the Dunnage zone of the southeastern Quebec Appalachians

1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 881-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Simonetti ◽  
Ronald Doig
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Host Rock ◽  
Crustal Thickening ◽  
Metasomatic Alteration ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
Lower Continental Crust ◽  
Isotopic Heterogeneity ◽  
Acadian Orogeny

U–Pb zircon and (or) titanite or monazite ages have been obtained for five major, undeformed, calc-alkaline plutons of the Appalachians of southeastern Quebec. These are interpreted as ages of crystallization for the Scotstown (384 ± 2 Ma), Lac aux Araignées (383 ± 3 Ma), Winslow (377 ± 7 Ma), Aylmer (375 ± 3 Ma), and Ste-Cécile (374 ± 2 Ma) plutons. Many other titanite samples gave 206Pb/238U dates that are 2–16 Ma younger than the concordant zircon dates from the same samples, and this is probably the result of Pb loss. Variation in 207Pb/206Pb ages of titanite from some samples is attributed to incorrect common Pb correction.Rb–Sr data for the same plutons show considerable isotopic heterogeneity and correspondingly high errors in ages. The isotopic heterogeneity is likely caused by postsolidification metasomatic alteration by host rock fluids. Where the scatter is least (Ste-Cécile), the Rb–Sr age (364 ± 14 Ma) is similar to the U–Pb mineral age (374 ± 2 Ma). The 87Sr/86Sr initial ratios range from 0.7065 to 0.710 and are probably related to the source of the magmas. The relatively high initial ratios and the peraluminous nature of the plutons preclude a significant mantle contribution to the magmas. These undeformed plutons are probably the result of melting of the lower continental crust near the end of crustal thickening caused by compression during the Acadian Orogeny.

Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Berberian ◽  
G. C. P. King
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Crustal Thickening ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
Geological Evolution ◽  
Early Paleocene ◽  
Major Fault ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Rift Zones

Maps of the paleography of Iran are presented to summarize and review the geological evolution of the Iranian region since late Precambrian time. On the basis of the data presented in this way reconstructions of the region have been prepared that take account of the known major movements of continental masses. These reconstructions, which appear at the beginning of the paper, show some striking features, many of which were poorly appreciated previously in the evolution of the region. They include the closing of the 'Hercynian Ocean' by the northward motion of the Central Iranian continental fragment(s), the apparently simultaneous opening of a new ocean ('the High-Zagros Alpine Ocean') south of Iran, and the formation of 'small rift zones of oceanic character' together with the attenuation of continental crust in Central Iran.With the disappearance of the Hercynian Ocean, the floor of the High-Zagros Alpine Ocean started to subduct beneath southern Central Iran and apparently disappeared by Late Cretaceous – Early Paleocene time (65 Ma). From this time the compressional motion between Arabia and Eurasia has been accommodated in Iran by shortening and thickening of the continental crust. This crustal thickening is accompanied by a progressive, though eventful, transition from marine to continental conditions over the whole region.A striking feature highlighted in this study is the existence of extensive alkaline and calc-alkaline volcanics, which appear to be unrelated to subduction. The intrusion of these rocks started in Middle Eocene time (45 Ma) and extended to the present. It is clear that some major fault systems have played a continuous but varied role from the Precambrian until the present, and whatever controlled the original fold orientation at the onset of continental compression (65 Ma) apparently still controls the orientation of contemporary folding.

Cretaceous intrusions in the Commerce Mountain and adjacent areas of southeastern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta

1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1939-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
R J Goble ◽  
S B Treves ◽  
V M Murray
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Alkali Feldspar ◽  
Upper Crust ◽  
Metasomatic Alteration ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Lower Continental Crust ◽  
Low Pressures

An older oversaturated monzonitic and a younger undersaturated syenitic suite of Cretaceous igneous rocks are present at Commerce Mountain and adjacent areas of the southern Canadian Rockies. The undersaturated suite consists of foid-bearing alkali feldspar syenite and trachyte, with lesser amounts of phonolite and foid syenite. Normative data indicate a higher degree of undersaturation attributable to the presence of garnet. Sr and Nd isotopic data are consistent with generation of the magma by partial melting of an enriched source in the upper mantle or the lower continental crust; Pb isotopic data are more consistent with a source in the lower continental crust. High Sr and Ba concentrations in analcime-bearing alkali feldspar megacrysts support early crystallization at high pressure. Replacement of the analcime by muscovite suggests emplacement and continued crystallization at shallow depth under low pressures, at which the analcime was unstable. Prior to emplacement in the upper crust, the Commerce Mountain suite evolved in composition from mafic analcime-bearing perthite syenite to felsic analcime-nepheline-bearing perthite syenite to nepheline (micro)monzosyenite and to analcime (micro)syenite compositionally similar to analcime phonolites found in adjacent areas. Extensive metamorphic-metasomatic alteration suggests that Commerce Mountain was a volcanic center, possibly associated with the eruption of the Crowsnest Formation volcanic rocks.

scholarly journals Magma Mixing Genesis of the Mafic Enclaves in the Qingshanbao Complex of Longshou Mountain, China: Evidence from Petrology, Geochemistry, and Zircon Chronology

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenheng Liu ◽  
Xiaodong Liu ◽  
Jiayong Pan ◽  
Kaixing Wang ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Rock ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Magma Mixing ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
Quartz Crystals ◽  
Alkaline Rocks ◽  
Mafic Enclaves ◽  
Normal Zoning ◽  
Host Rocks

The Qingshanbao complex, part of the uranium metallogenic belt of the Longshou-Qilian mountains, is located in the center of the Longshou Mountain next to the Jiling complex that hosts a number of U deposits. However, little research has been conducted in this area. In order to investigate the origin and formation of mafic enclaves observed in the Qingshanbao body and the implications for magmatic-tectonic dynamics, we systematically studied the mineralogy, petrography, and geochemistry of these enclaves. Our results showed that the enclaves contain plagioclase enwrapped by early dark minerals. These enclaves also showed round quartz crystals and acicular apatite in association with the plagioclase. Electron probe analyses showed that the plagioclase in the host rocks (such as K-feldspar granite, adamellite, granodiorite, etc.) show normal zoning, while the plagioclase in the mafic enclaves has a discontinuous rim composition and shows instances of reverse zoning. Major elemental geochemistry revealed that the mafic enclaves belong to the calc-alkaline rocks that are rich in titanium, iron, aluminum, and depleted in silica, while the host rocks are calc-alkaline to alkaline rocks with enrichment in silica. On Harker diagrams, SiO2 contents are negatively correlated with all major oxides but K2O. Both the mafic enclaves and host rock are rich in large ion lithophile elements such as Rb and K, as well as elements such as La, Nd, and Sm, and relatively poor in high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta, P, Ti, and U. Element ratios of Nb/La, Rb/Sr, and Nb/Ta indicate that the mafic enclaves were formed by the mixing of mafic and felsic magma. In terms of rare earth elements, both the mafic enclaves and the host rock show right-inclined trends with similar weak to medium degrees of negative Eu anomaly and with no obvious Ce anomaly. Zircon LA-ICP-MS (Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) U-Pb concordant ages of the mafic enclaves and host rock were determined to be 431.8 5.2 Ma (MSWD (mean standard weighted deviation)= 1.5, n = 14) and 432.8 4.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.7, n = 16), respectively, consistent with that for the zircon U-Pb ages of the granite and medium-coarse grained K-feldspar granites of the Qingshanbao complex. The estimated ages coincide with the timing of the late Caledonian collision of the Alashan Block. This comprehensive analysis allowed us to conclude that the mafic enclaves in the Qingshanbao complex were formed by the mixing of crust-mantle magma with mantle-derived magma due to underplating, which caused partial melting of the ancient basement crust during the collisional orogenesis between the Alashan Block and Qilian rock mass in the early Silurian Period.

Formation and composition of the lower continental crust: Evidence from Scottish xenolith suites

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (B1) ◽  
pp. 581-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex N. Halliday ◽  
Alan P. Dickin ◽  
Robert N. Hunter ◽  
Gareth R. Davies ◽  
Tim J. Dempster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Lower Continental Crust

Quantifying the growth of continental crust through crustal thickness and zircon Hf-O isotopic signatures: A case study from the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujian Wang ◽  
Dicheng Zhu ◽  
Chengfa Lin ◽  
Fangyang Hu ◽  
Jingao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Crustal Thickness ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Central Asian Orogenic Belt ◽  
Crustal Thickening ◽  
Crustal Growth ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Juvenile Crust

Accretionary orogens function as major sites for the generation of continental crust, but the growth model of continental crust remains poorly constrained. The Central Asian Orogenic Belt, as one of the most important Phanerozoic accretionary orogens on Earth, has been the focus of debates regarding the proportion of juvenile crust present. Using published geochemical and zircon Hf-O isotopic data sets for three belts in the Eastern Tianshan terrane of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, we first explore the variations in crustal thickness and isotopic composition in response to tectono-magmatic activity over time. Steady progression to radiogenic zircon Hf isotopic signatures associated with syn-collisional crustal thickening indicates enhanced input of mantle-derived material, which greatly contributes to the growth of the continental crust. Using the surface areas and relative increases in crustal thickness as the proxies for magma volumes, in conjunction with the calculated mantle fraction of the mixing flux, we then are able to determine that a volume of ∼14−22% of juvenile crust formed in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt during the Phanerozoic. This study highlights the validity of using crustal thickness and zircon isotopic signatures of magmatic rocks to quantify the volume of juvenile crust in complex accretionary orogens. With reference to the crustal growth pattern in other accretionary orogens and the Nd-Hf isotopic record at the global scale, our work reconciles the rapid crustal growth in the accretionary orogens with its episodic generation pattern in the formation of global continental crust.

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