The early Archaean Nulliak (supracrustal) assemblage, northern Labrador

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2159-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Nutman ◽  
B. J. Fryer ◽  
D. Bridgwater
Keyword(s):  
Water Environment ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Shallow Water Environment ◽  
Scale Down ◽  
Felsic Volcanic ◽  
Felsic Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Chemical Sediments

The Nulliak (supracrustal) assemblage, the remains of ca. 3800 Ma succession of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, was broken up by intrusion of the protoliths of the early Archaean Uivak orthogneisses and then deformed, metamorphosed, and variably metasomatised several times under upper amphibolite to granulite facies conditions in the Archaean. Amphibolites of "komatiitic basalt" and tholeiitic chemical affinity are the most important Nulliak assemblage lithologies. High Al2O3 metagabbroic rocks and anorthosites also occur. Interlayered with the amphibolites are marbles, calc-silicate rocks, and banded iron formation, interpreted as chemical sediments that were probably laid down in a shallow-water environment. Also found are felsic rocks probably derived by reworking of penecontemporaneous felsic volcanic rocks, and garnet- and sillimanite-bearing paragneisses derived from pelites. All these lithologies are randomly interlayered on a scale down to 1 m or less. The occurrence of 3850 – 3900 Ma cores for zircons in the surrounding polyphase Uivak gneisses suggests there may be an ancient sialic component in them, which could possibly represent basement upon which at least part of the Nulliak assemblage formed.

scholarly journals Geochemical and Volcanological Criteria in Assessing the Links between Volcanism and VMS Deposits: A Case on the Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Emilio Pascual ◽  
Teodosio Donaire ◽  
Manuel Toscano ◽  
Gloria Macías ◽  
Christian Pin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Environment ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Iberian Pyrite Belt ◽  
Genetic Interpretation ◽  
Vms Deposits ◽  
Shallow Water Environment ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Felsic Volcanic ◽  
Felsic Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Emplacement Depth

VMS deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), Spain and Portugal, constitute the largest accumulation of these deposits on Earth. Although several factors account for their genetic interpretation, a link between volcanism and mineralization is generally accepted. In many VMS districts, research is focused on the geochemical discrimination between barren and fertile volcanic rocks, these latter being a proxy of VMS mineralization. Additionally, the volcanological study of igneous successions sheds light on the environment at which volcanic rocks were emplaced, showing an emplacement depth consistent with that required for VMS formation. We describe a case on the El Almendro–Villanueva de los Castillejos (EAVC) succession, Spanish IPB, where abundant felsic volcanic rocks occur. According to the available evidence, their geochemical features, εNd signature and U–Pb dates suggest a possible link to VMS deposits. However, (paleo)volcanological evidence here indicates pyroclastic emplacement in a shallow water environment. We infer that such a shallow environment precluded VMS generation, a conclusion that is consistent with the absence of massive deposits all along this area. We also show that this interpretation lends additional support to previous models of the whole IPB, suggesting that compartmentalization of the belt had a major role in determining the sites of VMS deposition.

scholarly journals The early Archaean to Proterozoic history of the Isukasia area, southern West Greenland

1986 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 1-80
Author(s):  
A.P Nutman
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Amphibolite Facies ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Supracrustal Belt ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Grade Metamorphism ◽  
Polyphase Metamorphism ◽  
Chemical Sediments

The c. 3800 Ma Isua supracrustal belt and associated smaller bodies of supracrustal rocks are intruded by >3600 Ma orthogneisses. A coherent stratigraphic sequence is recognised consisting of interlayered metabasic rocks, metasediments derived from volcanic rocks, chemical sediments, and metabasic and ultramafic intrusions. Despite repeated deformation and high-grade metamorphism sedimentary structures are locally preserved. The depositional environment was probably an immersed volcanic region remote from areas of significantly older crust. Conglomeratic structures in a metachert and banded iron formation unit suggest shoaling and shallow water conditions. Felsic sediments locally preserve evidence of deposition from turbidite flows. The Isua supracrustal rocks are regarded as thin fragments of a thicker, more extensive sequence. The orthogneisses that intrude the supracrustal rocks consist of 3750-3700 Ma multiphase tonalites (the grey gneisses) which were first intruded by the basic Inaluk dykes, then by abundant shallow-dipping swarms of c. 3600 Ma granite sheets (the white gneisses) and finally by c. 3400 Ma pegmatitic gneiss sheets. These early Archaean rocks were metamorphosed under amphibolite facies conditions and repeatedly deformed prior to intrusion of the Tarssartôq basic dykes in the mid Archaean. In the late Archaean (3100-2500 Ma) there was polyphase metamorphism up to amphibolite facies grade and two or more stages of deformation and local intrusion of granitic gneiss sheets and pegmatites. However, despite general strong deformation there is a large augen of low deformation preserved within the arc of the Isua supracrustal belt. During the Proterozoic there was intrusion of basic dykes, major faulting with associated recrystallisation under uppermost greenschist to lowermost amphibolite facies conditions, followed by heating and intrusion of acid dykes at c. 1600 Ma. No profitable mineralisations have been located.

U–Pb zircon ages for magmatism in the Red Lake greenstone belt, northwestern Ontario

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Corfu ◽  
H. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Greenstone Belt ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Calc Alkaline ◽  
Red Lake ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Igneous Activity ◽  
Felsic Volcanic ◽  
Felsic Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Chemical Sediments

U–Pb dating was carried out on nine volcanic rocks and two felsic intrusions from the Red Lake greenstone belt in order to establish an absolute time framework for the magmatic evolution of the area and yield first indications on the time of deformation and gold mineralization.The data indicate a protracted period of igneous activity spanning at least 270 Ma. Felsic volcanic rocks near the top of the tholeiitic to komatiitic sequence in the eastern part of the belt yield ages of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. A third unit, dated at [Formula: see text], contains inherited zircons older than 2982 Ma, which casts some uncertainty on the validity of the inferred intercept age. Rocks in the western part of the belt, previously believed to form a relatively young calc-alkalic sequence but now known to be dominantly tholeiitic, are shown to be relatively old, with ages of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. These two dates also bracket the age of stromatolites occurring in chemical sediments that are under and overlain by the dated units.Another volcanic horizon in the centre of the belt is dated at 2830 ± 15 Ma, and calc-alkaline volcanic sequences on the southern and northern flanks of the belt yield ages of 2739.0 ± 3.0 and [Formula: see text], respectively. An age of [Formula: see text] was determined for tholeiitic pyroclastic rocks near the base of the predominantly calc-alkaline Heyson sequence.The major gold deposits of the Red Lake belt appear to be present dominantly within older supracrustal sequences. On the other hand, they are also associated with late deformation zones that postdate the intrusion of the Dome Stock dated at 2718.2 ± 1.1 Ma ago. The time of an earlier folding event is bracketed by this age and by the age of [Formula: see text] for an isoclinally folded felsic dike.

A new volcanic province: evidence from glacial erratics in western North Greenland

2000 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Dawes ◽  
Bjørn Thomassen ◽  
T.I. Hauge Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Surficial Deposits ◽  
North Greenland

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Dawes, P. R., Thomassen, B., & Andersson, T. H. (2000). A new volcanic province: evidence from glacial erratics in western North Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 186, 35-41. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v186.5213 _______________ Mapping and regional geological studies in northern Greenland were carried out during the project Kane Basin 1999 (see Dawes et al. 2000, this volume). During ore geological studies in Washington Land by one of us (B.T.), finds of erratics of banded iron formation (BIF) directed special attention to the till, glaciofluvial and fluvial sediments. This led to the discovery that in certain parts of Daugaard-Jensen Land and Washington Land volcanic rocks form a common component of the surficial deposits, with particularly colourful, red porphyries catching the eye. The presence of BIF is interesting but not altogether unexpected since BIF erratics have been reported from southern Hall Land just to the north-east (Kelly & Bennike 1992) and such rocks crop out in the Precambrian shield of North-West Greenland to the south (Fig. 1; Dawes 1991). On the other hand, the presence of volcanic erratics was unexpected and stimulated the work reported on here.

Geochemistry and Isotope Composition of Paleoproterozoic Granites and Felsic Volcanics of the Elash Graben: Evidence of the Heterogeneity of the Early Precambrian Crust

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1175-1187
Author(s):  
A.D. Nozhkin ◽  
O.M. Turkina ◽  
K.A. Savko
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Metal Deposit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rare Metal Deposit ◽  
Geochronological Study ◽  
Felsic Volcanic ◽  
Felsic Volcanic Rocks

Abstract —The paper presents results of a petrogeochemical and isotope–geochronological study of the granite–leucogranite association of the Pavlov massif and felsic volcanics from the Elash graben (Biryusa block, southwest of the Siberian craton). A characteristic feature of the granite–leucogranites is their spatial and temporal association with vein aplites and pegmatites of the East Sayan rare-metal province. The U–Pb age of zircon from granites of the Pavlov massif (1852 ± 5 Ma) is close to the age of the pegmatites of the Vishnyakovskoe rare-metal deposit (1838 ± 3 Ma). The predominant biotite porphyritic granites and leucogranites of the Pavlov massif show variable alkali ratios (K2O/Na2O = 1.1–2.3) and ferroan (Fe*) index and a peraluminous composition; they are comparable with S-granites. The studied rhyolites of the Tagul River (SiO2 = 71–76%) show a low ferroan index, a high K2O/Na2O ratio (1.6–4.0), low (La/Yb)n values (4.3–10.5), and a clear Eu minimum (Eu/Eu* = 0.3–0.5); they are similar to highly fractionated I-granites. All coeval late Paleoproterozoic (1.88–1.85 Ga) granites and felsic volcanics of the Elash graben have distinct differences in composition, especially in the ferroan index and HREE contents, owing to variations in the source composition and melting conditions during their formation at postcollisions extension. The wide range of the isotope parameters of granites and felsic volcanic rocks (εNd from +2.0 to –3.7) and zircons (εHf from +3.0 to +0.8, granites of the Toporok massif) indicates the heterogeneity of the crustal basement of the Elash graben, which formed both in the Archean and in the Paleoproterozoic.

The Duck Pond and Boundary Cu–Zn deposits, Newfoundland: new insights into the ages of host rocks and the timing of VHMS mineralization

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1481-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicki McNicoll ◽  
Gerry Squires ◽  
Andrew Kerr ◽  
Paul Moore
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
Intrusive Rocks ◽  
Felsic Volcanic ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Felsic Volcanic Rocks

The Duck Pond Cu–Zn–Pb–Ag–Au deposit in Newfoundland is hosted by volcanic rocks of the Cambrian Tally Pond group in the Victoria Lake supergroup. In conjunction with the nearby Boundary deposit, it contains 4.1 million tonnes of ore at 3.3% Cu, 5.7% Zn, 0.9% Pb, 59 g/t Ag, and 0.9 g/t Au. The deposits are hosted by altered felsic flows, tuffs, and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and the sulphide ores formed in part by pervasive replacement of unconsolidated host rocks. U–Pb geochronological studies confirm a long-suspected correlation between the Duck Pond and Boundary deposits, which appear to be structurally displaced portions of a much larger mineralizing system developed at 509 ± 3 Ma. Altered aphyric flows in the immediate footwall of the Duck Pond deposit contained no zircon for dating, but footwall stringer-style and disseminated mineralization affects rocks as old as 514 ± 3 Ma at greater depths below the ore sequence. Unaltered mafic to felsic volcanic rocks that occur structurally above the orebodies were dated at 514 ± 2 Ma, and hypabyssal intrusive rocks that cut these were dated at 512 ± 2 Ma. Some felsic samples contain inherited (xenocrystic) zircons with ages of ca. 563 Ma. In conjunction with Sm–Nd isotopic data, these results suggest that the Tally Pond group was developed upon older continental or thickened arc crust, rather than in the ensimatic (oceanic) setting suggested by previous studies.

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