Geology of part of a long-lived dynamic plate margin: the coastal cordillera of north-central Chile, latitude 30°51′–31°S

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Irwin ◽  
Carlos García ◽  
Francisco Hervé ◽  
Maureen Brook
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
First Episode ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Igneous Complex ◽  
Plate Margin ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Facies Metamorphism ◽  
Basaltic Lavas

A complex composed of ultrabasic and basaltic lavas, chert, arkose, and conglomerate was assembled in the coast of north-central Chile (lat. 30°30′–31°S) prior to 200 Ma. The character of, and relationships between, the rock formations exposed here are consistent with an autochthonous evolution of this part of Chile in the last 200 Ma. Three major episodes of deformation and metamorphism have been observed in this area. The first episode (F1) produced a compositional layering (S1) and amphibolite-facies metamorphism coeval with the intrusion of an extensive igneous complex between 220 and 200 Ma. A second episode of deformation (F2) locally formed reverse faults and tight, recumbent folds in S1. Units in which F2 folds are well developed yield K–Ar and Rb–Sr ages between 163 and 140 Ma. At between 140 and 126 Ma, upright, open to tight folds (F3) formed with sharp hinges and axial planes that strike north and dip steeply east. Structures of similar age, style, and orientation have been reported as far south as Tierra del Fuego. The timing of the F3 deformation appears to correspond to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean and accelerated westward motion of South America.

scholarly journals Site Context and the Spatial Organization of a Late Holocene Coastal Hunter-Gatherer Campsite in North-Central Chile, South America

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-779
Author(s):  
César Méndez ◽  
Matthieu Carré ◽  
Antonio Maldonado ◽  
Roxana Seguel ◽  
Donald Jackson
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
Shell Midden ◽  
Shell Middens ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Surf Clam

We explored the site context of a late Holocene shell midden on the coast of Los Vilos in north-central Chile (31°51′ S, South America) to better understand the spatial organization of short-term, small-sized hunter-gatherer campsites. The Dunas de Agua Amarilla (LV 007) site comprises 14 separate surf clam refuse deposits. Extensive stratigraphic excavations of the shell middens and the areas free of residue allowed interpretation of potential activity areas bounded by hearths, the shell middens, and a possible dwelling space. Late Holocene campsites in the area correspond to brief occupational events framed within littoral residential mobility, in which predictable coastal resources became a staple for groups residing and circulating over long periods in the area. Data on shell midden composition and the spatial distribution of site features shed light on the organizational dynamics of dwelling and activity spaces of coastal hunter-gatherers of the South Pacific.

scholarly journals Different(ial) Human Use of Coastal Landscapes: Archaeological Contexts, Chronology, and Assemblages of El Teniente Bay (31° S, Chile, South America)

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
César Méndez ◽  
Amalia Nuevo-Delaunay ◽  
Sebastián Grasset ◽  
Antonio Maldonado ◽  
Roxana Seguel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
South America ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Coastal Landscapes ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
El Teniente

Coastal landscapes of the Pacific coast of South America are regarded as bountiful biomes, as they are zones on the fringes of Eastern Boundary Upwelling Ecosystems. Cumulative research shows an almost uninterrupted presence of mobile hunter-fisher-gatherer communities throughout the Holocene in North-Central Chile (29°–32° S). However, local-scale differences reveal the variability that is concealed by this broad characterization. Recent research in El Teniente Bay (31° S) shows few sites and occupations suggestive of low occupational redundancy as well as reduced archaeological assemblages, indicating limited activities in this landscape. However, several occupations date to the middle Holocene, a period when discontinuities in human occupations in response to adverse environmental conditions have been suggested on regional and supraregional scales. The main occupations detected at El Teniente are interpreted as a response to such conditions and in the context of changes in land use. Despite the spottiness of the archaeological record of El Teniente Bay, it is important in terms of its chronology and the differing trends in the use of space in comparison to other areas that have been the focuses of research. This paper addresses the archaeological record of El Teniente Bay and discusses its implications for human land use in the wider area of the coast of North-Central Chile.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Low-Level Jet off the West Coast of Subtropical South America

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (12) ◽  
pp. 3661-3677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo C. Muñoz ◽  
RenéD. Garreaud
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
South America ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Coastal Jet

Abstract The subtropical west coast of South America is under the influence of the southeast Pacific anticyclone year-round, which induces persistent southerly winds along the coast of north-central Chile. These winds often take the form of a low-level coastal jet, in many aspects similar to the coastal jet existing off the California coast. Extensive diagnostics of mesoscale model results for a case in October 2000 are used here to describe the mean momentum budget supporting the coastal jet. The jet appears to occur when midlatitude synoptic conditions induce a northerly directed pressure gradient force along the coast of north-central Chile. The very steep coastal terrain precludes the development of a significant easterly low-level wind that would geostrophically balance the pressure gradient. Instead, the meridional flow accelerates until turbulent friction in the marine boundary layer balances the meridional pressure gradient. The resulting force balance is semigeostrophic, with geostrophy valid only in the zonal (cross shore) direction. At higher levels, the topographic inhibition of the easterlies relaxes, and a small easterly flow ensues, which turns out to be very important in the temperature and stability budgets of the layer capping the marine boundary layer.

scholarly journals Mayten Tree Seed Oil: Nutritional Value Evaluation According to Antioxidant Capacity and Bioactive Properties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Rosanna Ginocchio ◽  
Eduardo Muñoz-Carvajal ◽  
Patricia Velásquez ◽  
Ady Giordano ◽  
Gloria Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
Tree Seed

The Mayten tree (Maytenus boaria Mol.), a native plant of Chile that grows under environmentally limiting conditions, was historically harvested to extract an edible oil, and may represent an opportunity to expand current vegetable oil production. Seeds were collected from Mayten trees in north-central Chile, and seed oil was extracted by solvent extraction. The seed oil showed a reddish coloration, with quality parameters similar to those of other vegetable oils. The fatty acid composition revealed high levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic and linoleic acids, which are relevant to the human diet, were well represented in the extracted Mayten tree seed oil. The oil displayed an antioxidant capacity due to the high contents of antioxidant compounds (polyphenols and carotenoids) and may have potential health benefits for diseases associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Stratigraphic evidence of two historical tsunamis on the semi-arid coast of north-central Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 107052
Author(s):  
Jessica M. DePaolis ◽  
Tina Dura ◽  
Breanyn MacInnes ◽  
Lisa L. Ely ◽  
Marco Cisternas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Historical Tsunamis ◽  
Arid Coast ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Quaternary Glaciations in the Andes of North-Central Chile

1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 155-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar N. Caviedes ◽  
Roland Paskoff
Keyword(s):  
Polar Front ◽  
Southern Andes ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Quaternary Glaciations ◽  
Chilean Andes

The extension of the Quaternary glaciations has been studied in the semi-arid Andes of north-central Chile, where the glacial modelling is striking. In the Elqui valley (lat. 30°S.), two glacial advances were identified reaching down to 3 100 m (Laguna glaciation) and 2 500 m (Tapado glaciation). In the Aconcagua valley (lat. 33°S.), moraines from three major glacial advances were found, at 2 800 m (Portillo glaciation), 1 600 m (Guardia Vieja glaciation) and 1 300 m (Salto del Soldado glaciation).The Quaternary glaciations were linked with a decrease of temperature, but more significantly with a marked increase of precipitation probably related to an equatorward shift of 5–6 degrees of the austral polar front. The results obtained in the semi-arid Chilean Andes are correlated with those recently reported from other sectors of the southern Andes.

Cordyceps dipterigena. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
North Central ◽  
Tropical Countries

Abstract A description is provided for Cordyceps dipterigena. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Diptera (Muscidae). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical countries; Sri Lanka, Indonesia, New Guinea, North, Central and South America, Japan, Ghana.

Kuehneola loeseneriana.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
North Central ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Plants

Abstract There is little published information on this plant pathogenic fungus, which is limited to parts of North, Central and South America. It infects Rubus spp., which exist in other regions of the world with similar environmental conditions, therefore this species may pose a threat to native or agricultural plants if introduced.

Salicornia cuscoensis (Amaranthaceae/Chenopodiaceae), a new species from Peru (South America)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ÁNGELES ALONSO ◽  
MANUEL B. CRESPO ◽  
HELMUT FREITAG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
South American ◽  
Habitat Distribution ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
A New Species

The name Salicornia cuscoensis given to a plant from high Andean saltmarshes near Cusco [Cuzco] and Ayacucho, Peru (South America) is validated by a diagnosis and description. The main morphological characters that separate S. cuscoensis from other closely related species are creeping habit, delicate branches, inflorescence of short and thin spikes, and seed indumentum. The new species clearly differs from other perennial Salicornia taxa growing in high Andean saltmarshes such as S. pulvinata and S. andina. The former forms small compact cushions producing very short, few-flowered inflorescences. The latter shows woody stems and forms larger rounded carpets. Morphologically, S. cuscoensis is also similar to S. magellanica, a species growing along the seashore in southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, but the latter has shorter and wider inflorescences and larger seeds with a different type and arrangement of indumentum. Molecular analyses also supported the separation of S. cuscoensis. Data on habitat, distribution and phylogenetic relationships are presented for the new species and its relatives, and an identification key is given for the South American taxa of the genus Salicornia.

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