Postglacial stratigraphy and sea-level change in southwestern New Brunswick

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Honig ◽  
D. B. Scott
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The North ◽  
Transition Points ◽  
Marine Areas

Cores from small basins in southwestern New Brunswick, above present sea level but below the former marine limit, were examined for microfaunal changes indicating a transition from marine to freshwater conditions. Carbon 14 dates of those transition points add to and strengthen a previous sea-level curve from the area. The oldest date places sea level at about 75 m above present at 16 000 years BP. Dates from the lower lakes (+ 10 m) appear to be anomalously old, and it is suggested that after 12 000 years BP erosion became a factor in marine areas. This erosion may be related to the overall breakup of ice in the North Atlantic and may explain why few dates younger than 12 000 years BP are found in raised marine deposits of New Brunswick and Maine.

scholarly journals Salt-marsh reconstructions of relative sea-level change in the North Atlantic during the last 2000 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha L.M. Barlow ◽  
Antony J. Long ◽  
Margot H. Saher ◽  
W. Roland Gehrels ◽  
Mark H. Garnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

scholarly journals The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) contribution to CMIP6: investigation of sea-level and ocean climate change in response to CO<sub>2</sub> forcing

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3993-4017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Gregory ◽  
Nathaelle Bouttes ◽  
Stephen M. Griffies ◽  
Helmuth Haak ◽  
William J. Hurlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The North ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Flux Perturbation

Abstract. The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) aims to investigate the spread in simulations of sea-level and ocean climate change in response to CO2 forcing by atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). It is particularly motivated by the uncertainties in projections of ocean heat uptake, global-mean sea-level rise due to thermal expansion and the geographical patterns of sea-level change due to ocean density and circulation change. FAFMIP has three tier-1 experiments, in which prescribed surface flux perturbations of momentum, heat and freshwater respectively are applied to the ocean in separate AOGCM simulations. All other conditions are as in the pre-industrial control. The prescribed fields are typical of pattern and magnitude of changes in these fluxes projected by AOGCMs for doubled CO2 concentration. Five groups have tested the experimental design with existing AOGCMs. Their results show diversity in the pattern and magnitude of changes, with some common qualitative features. Heat and water flux perturbation cause the dipole in sea-level change in the North Atlantic, while momentum and heat flux perturbation cause the gradient across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) declines in response to the heat flux perturbation, and there is a strong positive feedback on this effect due to the consequent cooling of sea-surface temperature in the North Atlantic, which enhances the local heat input to the ocean. The momentum and water flux perturbations do not substantially affect the AMOC. Heat is taken up largely as a passive tracer in the Southern Ocean, which is the region of greatest heat input, while the weakening of the AMOC causes redistribution of heat towards lower latitudes. Future analysis of these and other phenomena with the wider range of CMIP6 FAFMIP AOGCMs will benefit from new diagnostics of temperature and salinity tendencies, which will enable investigation of the model spread in behaviour in terms of physical processes as formulated in the models.

scholarly journals The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) contribution to CMIP6: Investigation of sea-level and ocean climate change in response to CO<sub>2</sub> forcing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Gregory ◽  
Nathaelle Bouttes-Mauhourat ◽  
Stephen M. Griffies ◽  
Helmuth Haak ◽  
William J. Hurlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Ocean Climate ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The North ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
Flux Perturbation

Abstract. The Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project (FAFMIP) aims to investigate the spread in simulations of sea-level and ocean climate change in response to CO2 forcing by atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs). It is particularly motivated by the uncertainties in projections of ocean heat uptake, global-mean sea-level rise due to thermal expansion and the geographical patterns of sea-level change due to ocean density and circulation change. FAFMIP has three tier-1 experiments, in which prescribed surface flux perturbations of momentum, heat and freshwater respectively are applied to the ocean in separate AOGCM simulations. All other conditions are as in the pre-industrial control. The prescribed fields are typical of pattern and magnitude of changes in these fluxes projected by AOGCMs for doubled CO2 concentration. Five groups have tested the experimental design with existing AOGCMs. Their results show diversity in the pattern and magnitude of changes, with some common qualitative features. Heat and water flux perturbation cause the dipole in sea-level change in the North Atlantic, while momentum and heat flux perturbation cause the gradient across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) declines in response to the heat flux perturbation, and there is a strong positive feedback on this effect due to the consequent cooling of sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic, which enhances the local heat input to the ocean. The momentum and water flux perturbations do not substantially affect the AMOC. Heat is taken up largely as a passive tracer in the Southern Ocean, which is the region of greatest heat input, but elsewhere heat is actively redistributed towards lower latitude. Future analysis of these and other phenomena with the wider range of CMIP6 FAFMIP AOGCMs will benefit from new diagnostics of temperature and salinity tendencies, which will enable investigation of the model spread in behaviour in terms of physical processes as formulated in the models.

scholarly journals On sea level change in the North Sea influenced by the North Atlantic Oscillation: Local and remote steric effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinping Chen ◽  
Sönke Dangendorf ◽  
Nikesh Narayan ◽  
Kieran O'Driscoll ◽  
Michael N. Tsimplis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
North Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Steric Effects ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

Towards a vulnerability assessment of the UK and northern European coasts: the role of regional climate variability

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1831) ◽  
pp. 1329-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N Tsimplis ◽  
D.K Woolf ◽  
T.J Osborn ◽  
S Wakelin ◽  
J Wolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Level Change ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Uk

Within the framework of a Tyndall Centre research project, sea level and wave changes around the UK and in the North Sea have been analysed. This paper integrates the results of this project. Many aspects of the contribution of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) to sea level and wave height have been resolved. The NAO is a major forcing parameter for sea-level variability. Strong positive response to increasing NAO was observed in the shallow parts of the North Sea, while slightly negative response was found in the southwest part of the UK. The cause of the strong positive response is mainly the increased westerly winds. The NAO increase during the last decades has affected both the mean sea level and the extreme sea levels in the North Sea. The derived spatial distribution of the NAO-related variability of sea level allows the development of scenarios for future sea level and wave height in the region. Because the response of sea level to the NAO is found to be variable in time across all frequency bands, there is some inherent uncertainty in the use of the empirical relationships to develop scenarios of future sea level. Nevertheless, as it remains uncertain whether the multi-decadal NAO variability is related to climate change, the use of the empirical relationships in developing scenarios is justified. The resulting scenarios demonstrate: (i) that the use of regional estimates of sea level increase the projected range of sea-level change by 50% and (ii) that the contribution of the NAO to winter sea-level variability increases the range of uncertainty by a further 10–20 cm. On the assumption that the general circulation models have some skill in simulating the future NAO change, then the NAO contribution to sea-level change around the UK is expected to be very small (<4 cm) by 2080. Wave heights are also sensitive to the NAO changes, especially in the western coasts of the UK. Under the same scenarios for future NAO changes, the projected significant wave-height changes in the northeast Atlantic will exceed 0.4 m. In addition, wave-direction changes of around 20° per unit NAO index have been documented for one location. Such changes raise the possibility of consequential alteration of coastal erosion.

The drivers of projected North Atlantic sea level change

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1531-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bouttes ◽  
J. M. Gregory ◽  
T. Kuhlbrodt ◽  
R. S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Level Change

Relative land-sea-level changes in southeastern England during the Pleistocene

1972 ◽  
Vol 272 (1221) ◽  
pp. 87-98 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Estuarine Sediments ◽  
Level Fluctuation ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Freshwater Sediments ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Lower Pleistocene ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuation

During the Pleistocene, a period covering the last two million years, sea level is known to have risen above and fallen below the present sea level. The evidence for such fluctuations comes from marine and estuarine sediments, including beaches, far above present sea level and from freshwater sediments, beaches and valley systems now submerged. In southeast England there are Lower Pleistocene marine deposits at 183 m O.D . at Netley Heath in Surrey and upper Pleistocene freshwater sediments at - 35 m O.D . in the Channel. Thus we have in this area evidence of an amplitude of sea-level fluctuation relative to the present sea level of some 218 m. While such limits of relative sea-level fluctuation are not so difficult to identify, very considerable difficulties arise in determining the relation of sea-level change to the passage of time, and in the analysis of sea-level change - whether it be a real lowering of sea level relative to land, or an uplift of land relative to sea level. Let us briefly consider each of these two fields of difficulty. To date a particular stand of sea level, we have to know the relation of a particular deposit, say beach or shallow marine sediment to sea level at the time, and we have to know the correlation of this deposit to a part of the sequence of geological events which make up the Pleistocene. Both of these aspects may be problematical. It may not be certain what depth of water a deposit was formed in, and the age and correlation of the deposit may be doubtful.

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