Natural temporal variations in the chemistry of shallow groundwater, Athabasca Oil Sands area, Alberta

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1599-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Hackbarth
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Athabasca Oil Sands ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Pattern Of Variation

Significant natural variation of the chemistry of shallow groundwater was observed from 1977 through 1979 in three wells located in the Athabasca Oil Sands area, Alberta. The wells are between 5 and 8 m deep and are located in boreal forest far from any direct influence by man.The coefficient of variation of total dissolved solids for the well sampled monthly for 35 months was 34%, while those for the two wells sampled bi-monthly were 21 and 11%. The coefficient of variation for individual constituents was generally higher than the above values.An annual pattern of variation in shallow groundwater chemistry is recognized. Calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate reach lowest annual concentration in the spring and rise rapidly by early summer. Concentration of these ions gradually decreases through fall and winter. This cycle is related to the abundance of dissolved carbon dioxide in recharge water and is controlled to a great extent by the abundant muskeg.Spring and fall are typically times of highest sulfate concentrations. This is coincident with recharge events and is related to leaching of sulfur compounds. High chloride during winter is related to slower rates of groundwater flow and the consequent increased opportunity for release of ions from chloride-bearing minerals.Information from other wells in the Athabasca Oil Sands area indicates that the coefficient of variation of total dissolved solids with respect to time generally decreases with depth. Coefficients of variation might be expected to be as high as 35% at depths of 10 m; the range declines to a relatively constant 4% at depths greater than 150 m.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics and Temporal Variations of Geothermal Water Quality in Tangtou, Shandong, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongjun Gao ◽  
Jiutan Liu ◽  
Fuquan Li ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Jianguo Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geological Conditions

Geothermal water resources are a kind of clean energy, which is a renewable resource to a certain extent and has a high value of development and utilization. To understand the hydrochemical characteristics, origins, and temporal variations of geothermal water quality in Tangtou, 13 geothermal water samples from 2007 to 2019 and geothermal geological conditions were collected. Cl− and Na+ are the major ions, which make the geothermal water belong Cl-Na type. The total dissolved solids values of geothermal waters were 1560–2512 mg/L and pH were in the range of 6.7–8.8. The development of faulted structures provides conditions for the formation of geothermal water. In addition, geothermal water is recharged by shallow underground cold water. Water-rock interaction, as well as mixing processes, in the process of long runoff path and the slower deep-water cycle is the main factor controlling the chemical composition of geothermal water. Calculated saturation index values indicated that the geothermal water was saturated with respect to silicate and carbonate minerals. Cation and silica chemical geothermometers indicated that reservoir temperatures ranged from 94.63 to 196.10 °C and from 69.13 to 123.75 °C, respectively. Based on the grey relational analysis, the main physicochemical components of geothermal water are obviously correlated with the geothermal water exploitation and precipitation. Overall, affected by exploitation and precipitation, main physicochemical components (such as the total dissolved solids, total hardness, temperature, Na+, Ca2+, Cl−, K+, and Mg2+) showed a certain stage.

Groundwater temperatures in the Athabasca Oil Sands area, Alberta

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1689-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Hackbarth
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Athabasca Oil Sands ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Geophysical Logs ◽  
Devonian Age ◽  
Observation Wells ◽  
Made In

Bottom-hole temperatures were measured in groundwater observation wells in the Athabasca Oil Sands area of Alberta. Depth of observation varies from 6–581 m in rocks of Holocene, Cretaceous, and Devonian age. Observations of temperature at various depths at a particular location were made in individual wells.At depths of 300 and 400 m, a correlation of both hydraulic head-loss and temperature with the elevation of the land surface at the observation well indicates that groundwater flow is the dominant parameter controlling subsurface temperatures. The control of groundwater flow on temperature and the location of observation wells in different positions in the groundwater flow system means that temperatures are not well correlated with depth.Bottom-hole temperatures from geophysical logs made in the area are significantly higher than values observed nearby at similar depths during this study. Published thermal gradient maps based upon information from geophysical logs give values which are about twice as high as those calculated with the present data.At depths less than about 60 m temperatures varied widely and at many well sites declined with depth. The average temperature of shallow groundwater was 5.9 °C at an average depth of 12.7 m. This fact indicated that the mean annual air temperature of −0.6 °C should not be used to approximate the temperature of shallow groundwater.

Major and Trace Element Content of Shallow Groundwater Associated with Dryland Saline Soils in Southern Alberta

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Miller ◽  
B.J. Read ◽  
D.J. Wentz ◽  
D.J. Heaney
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Trace Element Content ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Quality Guidelines ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Saline Area

Abstract A survey of shallow groundwaters associated with 72 dryland saline sites in southern Alberta was conducted from 1990 to 1992 to determine the major and trace element concentrations in relation to the Canadian drinking and livestock water quality guidelines. The recommended limits for drinking water were exceeded at more than half the sites for total dissolved solids (100%), SO4-S (90%), Se (86%) and Mn (74%), at less than half the sites for As (48%), Fe (40%), Cd (39%), Pb (26%), Cl (22%), NO3-N (11%), B (1%) and Zn (1%), and at none of the sites for Cu. The recommended limits for livestock water were exceeded at more than half the sites for Se (86%), SO4-S (83%) and total dissolved solids (76%), at less than half the sites for As (43% when added and 2% when not added to feed), Pb (24%), Cd (18%), NO3-N (1%) and B (1%), and at none of the sites for Ca, Co, Cu, Mo and Zn. Topographic position, sampling year and cropping practice upslope and in the saline area had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the concentrations of certain elements. We recommend that shallow groundwater near saline areas be tested before it is consumed by humans or livestock.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF YAMUNA RIVER AT GOKUL BARRAGE, MATHURA (UP) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY KUMAR RAJAWAT ◽  
PRAVEEN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Chemical Condition ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Almost All

An attempt has been made to study the Physico-chemical condition of water of Yamuna River at Gokul Barrage, Mathura, (UP). The time period of study was July 2015 to June 2016. Three water samples were selected from different sites in each month for study. The parameters studied were Temperature, Turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, Total Dissolved Solids and Suspended Solids. Almost all the parameters were found above the tolerance limit.

Performance Study of Some Reverse Osmosis Systems for Removal of Uranium and Total Dissolved Solids in Underground Waters of Punjab State, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-476
Author(s):  
Nisha Sharma ◽  
Jaspal Singh ◽  
Barjinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
State Government ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
High Concentrations

Radionuclides (uranium, thorium, radium, radon gas etc.) are found naturally in air, water, soil and rock. Everyday, we ingest and inhale these radionuclides through the air we breathe and through food and water we take. Out of the internal exposure via ingestion of radionuclides, water contributes the major portion. The natural radioactivity of water is due to the activity transfer from bed rock and soils. In our surveys carried out in the past few years, we have observed high concentrations of uranium and total dissolved solids (TDS) in drinking waters of some southern parts of Punjab State exceeding the safe limits recommended by national and international agencies. The main drinking water source is the underground water procured from different depths. Due to the highly saline taste, disorders in their digestive systems and other ailments, people are installing reverse osmosis (RO) systems in their houses. Some RO systems have been installed on commercial basis. The state government is also in the process of installing community RO systems at the village level. As high values of uranium are also undesired and may pose health hazards due to radioactivity and toxicity of uranium, we have conducted a survey in the field to study the performance of various RO systems for removal of uranium and TDS. Water samples from about forty RO systems from Faridkot, Mansa, Bathinda and Amritsar districts of Punjab State were collected and analyzed. Our results show that some RO systems are able to remove more than 99% of uranium in the underground waters used for drinking purposes. TDS values are also reduced considerably to the desired levels. So RO systems can be used to avoid the risk of unduly health problems posed by high concentrations of uranium and TDS in drinking water.

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