Landslides at the south end of Kluane Lake, Yukon Territory

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J. Clague
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
The South ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
Gravel Beds ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Kluane Lake

Landslides are unusually varied and abundant in the Kluane Ranges near the south end of Kluane Lake, Yukon Territory. Selected landslides were investigated to determine the likelihood and probable character of future mass movements in this area, and to gain some understanding of similar but unstudied features elsewhere in the St. Elias Mountains.Landslides in the study area include slumps and related complex landslides, rockfalls, rockslides, rockfall avalanches, and debris flows. The youngest and most spectacular of the large catastrophic landslides is the Sheep Mountain rockfall avalanche (5–10 × 106 m3), which formed as a result of two separate failures between 500 and 1950 radiocarbon years ago. Much of the low mountain slope southwest of this landslide to near the mouth of Slims River is covered by thick blocky rubble deposited during one or more older catastrophic slope failures. Both the Sheep Mountain landslide and the set of older slope failures to the southwest apparently occurred when Kluane Lake was much smaller than it is today. As the level of the lake rose in response to aggradation accompanying the Neoglacial advance of Kaskawulsh Glacier, distal portions of these landslides were inundated.Debris flows and debris torrents occur sporadically on fans in the study area. These fans are composed of diamicton and gravel beds separated by loess layers and paleosols. Marker horizons, such as the Slims Soil (Hypsithermal) and White River tephra (ca. 1200 years BP), occur in these sediments and provide evidence that the fans have been active throughout the Holocene.Contributing factors to landslides in the eastern Kluane Ranges include high seismicity, the presence of steep slopes in pervasively fractured and faulted rocks, an abundance of talus and glacial sediments available for remobilization as debris flows and debris torrents, and the occurrence of intense rainstorms.Although landslides are ubiquitous in the south Kluane Lake area, most of the large deep-seated bedrock failures are relatively old. Thus the danger posed by future comparable landslides to life and property in the area could be considered to be low. Floods, debris flows, and debris torrents on active alluvial fans and aprons skirting the Kluane Ranges probably are greater potential hazards to economic development of this region.

Slope stability hazard in a fjord environment: Douglas Channel, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 500 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cooper D. Stacey ◽  
D. Gwyn Lintern ◽  
John Shaw ◽  
Kim W. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Rock Avalanche ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
Glacial Sediments ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
Wall Slope

AbstractDouglas Channel is a 140 km-long fjord system on Canada's west coast where steep topography, high annual precipitation and glacially over-deepened bathymetry have resulted in widespread slope failures. A 5 year project involving numerous marine expeditions to the remote area produced a comprehensive assessment of the magnitude and frequency of slope failures in the region. A classification scheme is presented based on morphology and failure mechanism: (1) debris flows are the most common in all parts of the fjord – they are often small with a subaerial component where fjord wall slope is very high or tend to exceed volumes of 106 m3 where fjord wall slope is lower, allowing for accumulation of marine sediments; (2) large failures of oversteepened glacial sediments occurring at transgressive moraines and glaciomarine plateaus following deglaciation – the largest is at Squally Channel with an estimated volume of 109 m3; (3) fjord wall failures that involve bedrock slump or rock avalanche; (4) translation of marine sediments; (5) composite/other slides; and (6) two scallop-shaped sackungen, or deep-seated gravitational slope deformations of granodiorite with volumes exceeding 60 × 106 m3. The postglacial marine sedimentary record shows evidence of large-scale slope failures of all styles that were especially active following deglaciation. The Holocene marks a transition to a lower frequency and change to primarily debris flows and smaller rock slides. Slope failures that may be capable of generating tsunamis and may be damaging to coastal infrastructure have occurred in all parts of Douglas Channel through much of the Holocene. Here we present a morphological analysis with volume estimates and age control using multibeam bathymetry, high-resolution sub-bottom data and sediment cores. The study details an extensive analysis of slope failures in a fjord network that can be extended to other fjord environments.

Japanese early-warning for debris flows and slope failures using rainfall indices with Radial Basis Function Network

Landslides ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobutomo Osanai ◽  
Takeshi Shimizu ◽  
Kazumasa Kuramoto ◽  
Shinichi Kojima ◽  
Tomoyuki Noro
Keyword(s):  
Radial Basis Function ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Basis Function ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Radial Basis Function Network ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
Radial Basis ◽  
Function Network

Notes on eight species of Coprinus of the Yukon Territory and adjacent Alaska

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1687-1690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Watling ◽  
Orson K. Miller Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Kluane Lake

Eight species of Coprinus, including C. atramentarius, C. comatus, C. exstinctorius, C. micaceus, C. narcoticus, C. patouillardii, C. radians, and C. subimpatiens are recorded from the St. Elias Mountains and near Kluane Lake in the Yukon Territory, the Skolai Pass in the Alaskan Range, and the vicinity of Juneau, Alaska.

New Complexities in Zoogeography and Taxonomy of the Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulteri)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1772-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lindsey ◽  
W. G. Franzin
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
The South ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mackenzie River

Pygmy whitefish (Prosopium coulteri) are recorded for the first time from the Peel–Mackenzie river drainage (Elliott Lake, Yukon Territory) and from the Hudson Bay drainage (Waterton Lakes, Alberta, in the South Saskatchewan–Nelson river system). The morphology of specimens from both localities contradicts the previously known pattern of a southeastern "low-rakered" and a northwestern "high-rakered" form (with the two forms occurring sympatrically in some lakes of the Bristol Bay area). Specimens from Elliott Lake, the most northerly known locality, resemble the southeastern form and those from Waterton Lakes the northwestern form. Both Waterton and Elliott lakes lie close to unglaciated refugia, suggesting that the species may have survived Wisconsin glaciation and diverged in several different watersheds.

The Characteristics of Palaeogeomorphology in Ek1 and the Lower Part of Es4 of the Paleogene in Dongying Depression and its Significance to Petroleum Geology

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
Li An Liu ◽  
Jian Bo Han
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Geology ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
The South ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Northern Basin ◽  
Dongying Depression ◽  
Contour Graph ◽  
Shahejie Formation ◽  
Fourth Member

By using the data of drilling and logging and other materials, the contour graph of the thickness of the remnant strata can be worked out. After the compaction restoration of the graph, the original sedimentary thickness of the First Member of Kongdian Formation(Ek1) and the Lower Part of the Fourth Member of Shahejie Formation ( lower Es4) can be obtained and their palaeogeomorphology can be reconstructed. The research results show that palaeogeomorphology has an obvious control on the sedimentary systems of Ek1 and lower Es4. In the areas with higher mountains and steeper slopes in the northern basin, there mainly develop nearshore subaqueous fans while in the south of the basin, there mostly develop alluvial fans.

scholarly journals Earthquake-induced debris flows at Popocatépetl Volcano, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velio Coviello ◽  
Lucia Capra ◽  
Gianluca Norini ◽  
Norma Dávila ◽  
Dolores Ferrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Horizontal Stress ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Volcanic Edifice ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Seismic Records ◽  
Maximum Horizontal Stress ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The M7.1 Puebla-Morelos earthquake that occurred on 19 September 2017, with epicenter located ∼ 70 km SW from Popocatépetl volcano, severely hit central Mexico. Seismic shaking of the volcanic edifice induced by the earthquake triggered hundreds of shallow landslides on the volcanic flanks, remobilizing loose pyroclastic deposits and saturated soils. The largest landslides occurred on the slopes of aligned ENE-WSW-trending ravines on opposite sides of the volcanic cone, roughly parallel to the regional maximum horizontal stress and local volcanotectonic structural features. This configuration may suggest transient reactivation of local faults and extensional fractures as one of the mechanisms that has weakened the volcanic edifice and promoted the largest slope failures. The seismic records from a broadband station located at few kilometers from the main landslides are used to infer the intensity of ground shaking that triggered the slope failures. The material involved in the larger landslides, mainly ash and pumice fall deposits from late Holocene eruptions with a total volume of about 106 cubic meters, transformed into two large debris flows on the western slope of the volcano and one on its eastern side. The debris flows were highly viscous and contained abundant large woods (about 105 cubic meter). Their peculiar rheology is reconstructed by field evidences and analyzing the grain size distribution of samples from both landslide scars and deposits. This is the first time that such flows were observed at this volcano. Our work provides new insights to constrain a multi-hazard risk assessment for Popocatépetl and other continental active volcanoes.

Investigating the controls of submarine landslides and associated hazards in Pangnirtung Fiord, Eastern Baffin Island (Nunavut)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Sedore ◽  
Alexandre Normandeau ◽  
Vittorio Maselli
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Slope Failure ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Slope Failures ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Submarine Slope

<p>High-latitude fiords are susceptible to hazardous subaerial and submarine slope failures. Recent investigations have shown that past slope failures in fiords of Greenland and Alaska have generated devastating landslide induced tsunamis. Since coastal communities inhabit these high-latitude fiords, it is critical to understand the slope failure recurrence time, their distribution, potential triggers, and ability to generate tsunamis. In this study, we identified > 50 near-surface submarine landslides in Pangnirtung Fiord, eastern Baffin Island, Nunavut, using multibeam bathymetric and sub-bottom profiler data, along with sediment gravity-cores collected in 2019. Morphometric and morphological analyses, along with sedimentological analyses, were carried out on submarine landslide deposits to quantify their spatial and temporal distribution throughout the fiord and to evaluate the factors that may have triggered the slope failures.</p><p>Combining bathymetric with topographic data from unmanned aerial vehicle imagery, we found that most of these landslide deposits are relatively small (~ 0.08 km<sup>2</sup>) and are associated with outwash fans and steep fiord sidewalls. However, since most slope failure head scarps lie between the intertidal zone and ~30 m water depth, they could not be mapped, which makes it challenging to determine the triggers of the submarine slope failures. Radiocarbon dating reveals that most of these surficial landslide deposits are younger than 500 years old and that they were most likely triggered at different times. This finding highlights a high recurrence rate of slope failures within the fiord, suggesting that localised triggers are responsible for slope failures within the fiord, as opposed to widespread, seismically induced triggers which do not occur as frequently in the study area. In addition, the elongated morphology of the landslide deposits and the varying degrees of landslide deposit surface roughness supports localised point-source triggers. Since most landslides are associated with subaerial outwash fans and deltas, we suggest that triggers of these relatively frequent submarine landslides within Pangnirtung Fiord include rapid floodwater input, subaerial debris flows, and sea-ice loading during low tide.</p><p>This research shows that slope failures in a high-latitude fiord are affected by the interaction of numerous subaerial and submarine processes, leading us to speculate that a potential increase in the frequency of subaerial debris flows and river floods due to climate change may increase the recurrence of submarine landslides.<strong> </strong></p>

Area of distribution and conditions of loess forming in the South Urals

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
S. S. Popov ◽  
G. N. Shilova ◽  
A. O. Khotylev
Keyword(s):  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Textural Features ◽  
Alluvial Fans ◽  
The South ◽  
Drainage Basins ◽  
Fluvial Terrace ◽  
Palynological Data ◽  
The Third ◽  
Lithological Composition

The report presents the results of comprehensive studies of loess-like formations that are common within drainage basins of Ay and Yuruzan rivers (South Urals). Loess complexes associated with the third fluvial terrace. The lithological composition, structural and textural features indicate that the loess were formed like the part of alluvial fans, planned under the third fluvial terrace. The obtained palynological data indicate the formation of deposits in the Middle Pleistocene during the Odintsovo interglacial and Moscow glaciation.

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