Trace metal geochemistry in sediments from the Miramichi estuary, New Brunswick

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan D. Willey ◽  
Robert A. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Sediment Fraction ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Organic matter, mineralogy, and texturally-related qualities combine to control the total concentration and reactivity of trace metals in the sediments of the Miramichi estuary. Concentrations of lignin-rich organic matter, up to 10% of the total sediment weight in the central estuary, correlate with analytical results for trace elements which show that more than 40% of the total Mn, Zn, and Cu is held in the oxidizable and organically-bound form. Mineralogical influences are most obvious in the river portion of the system where total Mn concentrations average 695 μg/g, Zn averages 282 μg/g, Cu averages 32 μg/g, and Pb averages 200 μg/g in the less than 63 μm size fraction of the sediments. In the marginal marine Miramichi Bay, total concentrations of these four trace elements in the fine sediment fraction are diminished by 9–57%, with respect to the equivalent size fraction of the river sediments.The concentration of all trace elements in the coarse fraction (> 63 μm) is considerably less as compared with the fine fraction. In these sediments mineralogical associations are more pro nounced. Very high organic carbon content (up to 23%) is associated with sediments in which more than 25% of the Mn, Zn, and Cu is organically bound. Weak acid leachable Ca in the coarse sediments of the bay is 21 times higher as compared with the equivalent river sediment fraction and this CaCO3 indication is associated with a twofold increase in total Cu and Pb.When compared with sediments from other areas of eastern Canada, the Miramichi sediments have at least twice as much weak acid leachable Zn, and this higher level of reactive metal is associated with high organic carbon content in the top 15 cm of cored sediments. Suggested sources for this recent addition of metal in association with organic matter are the mining activities as well as urban and industrial effluents.

scholarly journals Short-Term Decomposition and Nutrient-Supplying Ability of Sewage Sludge Digestate, Digestate Compost, and Vermicompost on Acidic Sandy and Calcareous Loamy Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Nikolett Uzinger ◽  
Orsolya Szécsy ◽  
Nóra Szűcs-Vásárhelyi ◽  
István Padra ◽  
Dániel Benjámin Sándor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Average Residual

Organic waste and the compost and vermicompost derived from it may have different agronomic values, but little work is available on this aspect of sewage sludge. A 75-day pot experiment with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) as the test plant aimed to investigate the fertiliser value and organic matter replenishment capacity of digested sewage sludge (DS) and the compost (COM) and vermicompost (VC) made from it, applied in 1% and 3% doses on acidic sand and calcareous loam. The NPK content and availability, changes in organic carbon content and plant biomass, and the efficiency of the amendments as nitrogen fertilisers were investigated. The final average residual carbon content for DS, COM, and VC was 35 ± 34, 85 ± 46, and 55 ± 46%, respectively. The organic carbon mineralisation rate depended on the soil type. The additives induced significant N mineralisation in both soils: the average increment in mineral N content was 1.7 times the total added N on acidic sand and 4.2 times it on calcareous loam for the 1% dose. The agronomic efficiency of COM and VC as fertilisers was lower than that of DS. In the short term, DS proved to be the best fertiliser, while COM was the best for organic matter replenishment.

Sources of organic matter in first flush runoff from urban roadways

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wada ◽  
N. Takei ◽  
T. Sato ◽  
H. Tsuno
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
First Flush ◽  
The Road ◽  
Organic Carbon Concentration

This study aims to explore the influential sources of organic matter in first flush runoff from urban roadways by comparing organic carbon content and particle size distribution in road dust with those from discharge from vehicles during rainfall. Samples on first flush runoff and road dust were collected from urban roadways. In addition, vehicle drainage was assumed to flow from vehicles during rainfall events, so vehicle wash-off water was collected by spraying water onto the top and from the underside of vehicles to simulate accumulation during a vehicle run. In road dust, the organic carbon content in the <0.2 mm fraction was about twice that of the 0.2–2 mm fraction. The particle size distributions of both first flush runoff and vehicle wash-off water were similar, and particles <0.2 mm contributed to over 95% of the total volume. The dissolved organic carbon concentration in the vehicle wash-off water was considerably higher than that in the road dust/water mixture. The total organic carbon content in road dust was positively correlated with annual daily traffic. Therefore, vehicles were thought to strongly influence the nature of road dust.

scholarly journals Organic carbon determination in histosols and soil horizons with high organic matter content from Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Lúcia Helena Cunha dos Anjos ◽  
Vinícius de Melo Benites ◽  
Ademar Espíndula Jr. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Muffle Furnace ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Soil taxonomy systems distinguish mineral soils from organic soils based on the amount of soil organic carbon. Procedures adopted in soil surveys for organic carbon measurement are therefore of major importance to classify the soils, and to correlate their properties with data from other studies. To evaluate different methods for measuring organic carbon and organic matter content in Histosols and soils with histic horizons, from different regions of Brazil, 53 soil samples were comparatively analyzed by the methods of Walkley & Black (modified), Embrapa, Yeomans & Bremner, modified Yeomans & Bremner, muffle furnace, and CHN. The modified Walkley & Black (C-W & B md) and the combustion of organic matter in the muffle furnace (OM-Muffle) were the most suitable for the samples with high organic carbon content. Based on regression analysis data, the OM-muffle may be estimated from C-W & B md by applying a factor that ranges from 2.00 to 2.19 with 95% of probability. The factor 2.10, the average value, is suggested to convert results obtained by these methods.

scholarly journals The color of refractory organic carbon

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Debret ◽  
Yoann Copard ◽  
Antonin Van Exem ◽  
Geneviève Bessereau ◽  
Frank Haeseler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Wide Range

Organic matter studies find an echo within different topics such as biogeochemical cycles, processes occurring in continental surfaces, anthropogenic activities, climate science, earth and planetary sciences, etc. Today’s challenges include finding and developing the most appropriate method(s) supporting the differentiation and characterisation of various types of recalcitrant organic matter in modern environments. In this study, we focus on combustion residues and coals as these two types of organic matter contain a significant amount of so-called recalcitrant organic carbon (black carbon and fossil organic carbon). Both these materials are ubiquitous, broadly stem from the same living organisms and have similar polyaromatic structures. In this respect, we tested a spectrophotometry method, classically used for sedimentology, as a very fast method for preliminary investigations. Analyses were performed with a wide range of standards and referenced samples. The results discriminate three different spectral signatures related to the degree of transformation of organic matter related to the degree of aromaticity (i.e. carbonisation). Using calibration curves, total organic carbon content can be estimated in experimental mixes with mineral matter and in a real context using subsurface sample (Gironville 101 borehole, Paris Basin, France). This method has particularly high sensitivity to very low organic matter content and is shown to be promising for a rapid evaluation of the organic carbon content.

scholarly journals Organic-carbon-rich sediments: benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of depositional environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4183-4199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Lo Giudice Cappelli ◽  
Jessica Louise Clarke ◽  
Craig Smeaton ◽  
Keith Davidson ◽  
William Edward Newns Austin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Depositional Environments ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Carbon Burial ◽  
Actual Change ◽  
Freshwater Inputs

Abstract. Fjords have been described as hotspots for carbon burial, potentially playing a key role within the carbon cycle as climate regulators over multiple timescales. Nevertheless, little is known about the long-term fate of the carbon that may become stored in fjordic sediments. One of the main reasons for this knowledge gap is that carbon arriving on the seafloor is prone to post-depositional degradation, posing a great challenge when trying to discriminate between an actual change in the carbon deposition rate and post-depositional carbon loss. In this study, we evaluate the use of modern benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of organic carbon content in six voes (fjords) on the west coast of Shetland. Benthic foraminifera are known to be sensitive to changes in organic carbon content in the sediments, and changes in their assemblage composition therefore reflect synchronous variations in the quantity and quality of carbon reaching the seafloor. We identified four environments based on the relationship between benthic foraminiferal assemblages and organic carbon content in the sediments: (1) land-locked regions influenced by riverine and/or freshwater inputs of organic matter, namely the head of fjords with a restricted geomorphology; (2) stressed environments with a heavily stratified water column and sediments rich in organic matter of low nutritional value; (3) depositional environments with moderate organic content and mild or episodic current activity; and (4) marginal to coastal settings with low organic content, such as fjords with an unrestricted geomorphology. We conclude that foraminifera potentially provide a tool to disentangle primary organic carbon signals from post-depositional degradation and loss of organic carbon because of their environmental sensitivity and high preservation potential in the sedimentary record.

scholarly journals Laboratory study of retention and release of weak acid herbicide MCPA by soils and sediments and leaching potential of MCPA

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 550-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hiller ◽  
M. Khun ◽  
L. Zemanová ◽  
Ľ. Jurkovič ◽  
M. Bartaľ
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Soil Sediment ◽  
Soils And Sediments

MCPA sorption and desorption in five surface soils (denoted as A1-5), three bottom sediments (S1-3), two river sediments (L1-2) and one subsurface soil (SS) at two initial concentrations in aqueous solution &ndash; C<sub>0</sub> = 0.5 and 10&nbsp;mg/l were studied. No significant effect of the initial concentration on MCPA equilibrium distribution between soil/sediment and aqueous solution was observed. The difference between distribution coefficient K<sub>D</sub> at C<sub>0</sub> = 0.5&nbsp;mg/l and K<sub>D</sub> at C<sub>0</sub> = 10 mg/l was found only in the case of one bottom sediment (S2). A simple regression analysis between K<sub>D</sub> at C<sub>0</sub> = 0.5 and 10 mg/l and soil/sediment properties indicated that the most important property which determined the variation in MCPA sorption is organic carbon (r = 0.886*** and r = 0.926***, respectively). Similarly, desorption of MCPA was inversely proportional to organic carbon content of the soils and sediments used (r = &ndash;0.862* and r = &ndash;0.842**). These observations showed that MCPA sorption and desorption in soils and sediments were primarily controlled by organic components of the geosorbents used. Overall, the percentage of MCPA sorption in soils and sediments was low (P<sub>sorp</sub> &asymp; 3&ndash;53%; K<sub>D</sub> = 0.077&ndash;2.827 l/kg) and the percentage of MCPA desorbed was relatively high (P<sub>des</sub> &asymp; 11&ndash;70%), especially in the soils and sediments with lower organic carbon content. The experimental results and calculated values of groundwater ubiquity score GUS and relative leaching potential index RLPI imply that MCPA is very mobile in all the surface soils and has a potential to contaminate groundwater.

Changes in exchangeable cations and exchange capacity of soil consequent on oxidation of its organic matter

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Davies ◽  
R. I. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Solution ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Base Exchange

1. Loss of ignition at 450°C. and the organic carbon content of some shale soils are positively correlated (r = +0·99).2. Base exchange capacities and exchangeable cations were determined on soils, treated and untreated with hydrogen peroxide solution.3. Oxidizing the organic matter lessened the exchange capacities of all samples; the exchange capacity of the organic matter varied from 67·5 to 97·0 m-equiv./1OO g. dry material.

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