The Properties and Origin of an Apparently Deeply Weathered Soil Profile near Gould Lake, Ontario

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Rutherford ◽  
M. H. Churchward
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Country Rock ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Rock Material ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Weathered Soil

An apparently deeply weathered soil profile on well foliated amphibolite is described from the Gould Lake area, Ontario, although such residual soils developed on country rock have not been previously recorded. The evidence from a variety of analyses indicates that this deep soil profile, typical of a very limited area, has been developed on a saprolite-like, probably hydrothermally altered, rock material. Similar crumbly rock material preserving rock structures has been reported from several areas in the Canadian Shield.

Modelling uranium leaching from agricultural soils to groundwater as a criterion for comparison with complementary safety indicators

2006 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jacques ◽  
J. Šimůnek ◽  
D. Mallants ◽  
M.Th. van Genuchten
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Long Time

ABSTRACTNaturally occurring radionuclides can also end up in soils and groundwater due to human practices, such as application of certain fertilizers in agriculture. Many mineral fertilizers, particularly (super)phosphates, contain small amounts of 238U and 230Th which eventually may be leached from agricultural soils to underlying water resources. Field soils that receive P-fertilizers accumulate U and Th and their daughter nuclides, which eventually may leach to groundwater. Our objective was to numerically assess U migration in soils. Calculations were based on a new reactive transport model, HP1, which accounts for interactions between U and organic matter, phosphate, and carbonate. Solid phase interactions were simulated using a surface complexation module. Furthermore, all geochemical processes were coupled with a model accounting for dynamic changes in the soil water content and the water flux. The capabilities of the code in calculating natural U fluxes to groundwater were illustrated using a semi-synthetic 200-year long time series of climatological data for Belgium. Based on an average fertilizer application, the input of phosphate and uranium in the soil was defined. This paper discusses calculated U distributions in the soil profile as well as calculated U fluxes leached from a 100-cm deep soil profile. The calculated long-term leaching rates originating from fertilization are significantly higher after 200 years than estimated release rates from lowlevel nuclear waste repositories.

scholarly journals Relationship between Shear Wave Velocity and SPT-N Value for Residual Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Nor Faizah Bawadi ◽  
Nur Jihan Syamimi Jafri ◽  
Ahmad Faizal Mansor ◽  
Mohd Asri Ab Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Wave ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Dynamic Parameter ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Residual Soils ◽  
Standard Penetration Testing ◽  
Wave Methods

The shear wave velocity (Vs) is an important dynamic parameter in the field of geotechnical engineering. One of the surface wave methods is Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (SASW) has received attention in obtaining the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile by analysing the dispersion curve. SASW is a non-destructive test, fast and time-effective for field survey. Thus, this paper proposed the application of SASW method to obtain the shear wave velocity (Vs) to represent the soil profile. This paper aims to determine the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile using SASW method, where the testing has been conducted at three site of residual soils located in Damansara, Kuala Lumpur and Nilai area. In this study, it shows that the soil profile obtained from shear wave velocity value is similar pattern with profile that obtained using Standard Penetration Testing (SPT), which conventional used in field. The shear wave velocity are proportionally increase with depth.

Geochemistry and original nature of Precambrian khondalites in the Eastern Ghats, Orissa, India

1987 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Dash ◽  
K. N. Sahu ◽  
D. R. Bowes
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Groundwater Movement ◽  
Weathered Soil ◽  
Average Analysis ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Alkaline Earths

ABSTRACTThe quartz-sillimanite-garnet rocks of the Precambrian khondalite assemblage of Orissa consist dominantly of SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 + FeO (average c. 95%) with Fe2O3 > FeO. An average analysis (H2O and CO2 free) also shows MgO, CaO and Na2O having 1·0, 0·5 and 0·4%, respectively. Compared with average crustal abundances, enrichment is shown in SiO2, Al2O3 and Fetot and depletion shown in MgO, CaO, Na2O and P2O5 with that for CaO being more than an order of magnitude and that for Na2O being a factor of >7. On an SiO2–Al2O3–Fetot plot a clearly defined field, elongate nearly parallel to the SiO2–Al2O3 sideline, is similar to that for deeply weathered soil profiles in Brazil. This correspondence also extends to enrichment, stability or depletion, compared to crustal averages, for Ce, Co, Cu, Ga, La, Ni, Nb, Th, U, Y, Zn and Zr, but not for Ba, Cr and Rb. In addition comparison of the proportions and ratios of alkalis and alkaline earths in average khondalite and in a weathering profile over a granodiorite, considered to be typical of the weathering of continents, shows remarkable similarities.The major and trace element data are consistent with the khondalites being granulite facies—upper amphibolite facies metamorphic equivalents of a deeply weathered soil profile. Associated quartzites and calc-silicate granulites are interpreted as having been silcretes and calcretes, respectively. This interpretation implies (1) the previous existence of a large stable cratonic mass on which the soil profile formed, (2) climatic conditions suitable for the development of such a profile, (3) topography, drainage systems and groundwater movement in Precambrian times similar to those of present day peneplane regions, (4) the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere, (5) rapid covering (e.g. by products of volcanism) to preclude mass wasting, (6) a Precambrian stratigraphy in the crystalline rocks of the Eastern Ghats region similar to that of South India, and (7) orogenesis that involved tectonic repetition of lithological units and a mechanism for taking products of surface weathering down to granulite facies P–T conditions and subsequently elevating them.

MINERALOGY OF CHAMPLAIN SEA SEDIMENTS AND A RIDEAU CLAY SOIL PROFILE

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
L. M. Patry
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Remarkable Similarity ◽  
Textured Materials ◽  
Marine Clays ◽  
Mineral Constituents

Marine clays and silts of the Champlain Sea, or "Leda clays", from several locations in the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Valleys, and a Rideau Clay soil profile developed on this material have been examined. Although the textures of the marine sediments varied, there was a remarkable similarity in the nature of the mineral constituents of the sands, silts and clays; feldspars, quartz, amphiboles, micas, and chlorites occurred in all size fractions. In addition, the clay fractions contained small amounts of montmorillonite and interstratified illite-montmorillonite. All but two of the marine samples were slightly calcareous and, in general, the coarser textured materials contained the highest carbonate content. The main source of the deposits is believed to be the igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Canadian Shield, and there is very little evidence of weathering before, during and since deposition.The Rideau Clay is a moderately well-drained regosolic soil with very little difference in exchangeable cations or mineral composition with depth. The occurrence of illuviation could not be shown conclusively because of apparent depositional differences. The Rideau Clay differed from the marine materials in having no carbonates, in being slightly acid throughout, and in having a greater amount and a different type of interstratified clay minerals.

Multicomponent magnetizations in Nipissing diabase near Temagami, Ontario, and structural and thermal history of the Grenville Front

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironobu Hyodo ◽  
David J. Dunlop
Keyword(s):  
Country Rock ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Hydrothermal Activity ◽  
Natural Remanent Magnetization ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Block Rotation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tectonic Rotation ◽  
Late Stages

The Nipissing diabase (ND), sampled 2 km northwest of the Grenville Front near Temagami, Ontario, has four distinct components of natural remanent magnetization (NRM). The lowest unblocking temperature (TUB) component is attributed to the present Earth's field, whereas the second lowest TUB component is due to overprinting during the late stages of the Grenvillian Orogeny (~900 Ma). Similar Grenvillian overprint directions of NRM are found in Archean (~2600 Ma) country rock. The second highest TUB component (B) has an unknown origin. Low-temperature demagnetization (LTD) reveals that this component is significantly contaminated by overlap with the Grenvillian overprint and with the highest TUB component (A). If the A NRM is primary, its direction should agree with previously published ND poles after structural correction for subvertical tilting of sites. However, the structurally corrected A direction does not agree with known ND primary directions without additional rotation about a vertical axis. This may indicate sequential block rotation and tilting or could be caused by a single tectonic rotation about an inclined axis. The ND in the Temagami area shows a variety of characteristic magnetizations, which may reflect a complicated structural history and (or) hydrothermal activity before Grenvillian uplift, whereas west of Lake Temagami and in the Wanapitei Lake area ND results agree with the previously reported N1 paleopole. This contrast suggests quite different tectonic histories east and west of Lake Temagami.

Orthoquartzite pebbles in Archean conglomerate, North Spirit Lake, northwestern Ontario

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1980-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Donaldson ◽  
Richard W. Ojakangas
Keyword(s):  
Greenstone Belt ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Superior Province ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Definite Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Quartz Grains

An Archean conglomerate in the North Spirit Lake area of northwestern Ontario contains rare orthoquartzite pebbles. Detailed study of these pebbles shows that mineralogically they are very mature, consisting of as much as 99.8 percent quartz and a heavy mineral suite of zircon, tourmaline, and apatite. Textures are typically bimodal, characterized by rounded sand-sized quartz grains set in a 'matrix-cement' of thoroughly recrystallized finer quartz grains. These orthoquartzite pebbles provide the first definite evidence for local tectonic stability of the Canadian Shield before deposition of the immature sedimentary rocks that form part of an Archean (>2.6 Ga) greenstone belt of the Superior Province.

scholarly journals Soil Layers Properties of a Profile Developed on the Past Depositional Series on Merbabu Volcano Central Java Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nurcholis ◽  
Susila Herlambang ◽  
Sri Aminah Suwartikaningsih ◽  
Dian Fiantis ◽  
Dwi Fitri Yudiantoro
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Sand Fraction ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Black Color

A wide and deep soil profile (around 1200 cm) was observed at Ketep Park West Slope of Merbabu volcano Central Java, Indonesia to identify the soil morphology, physical and, chemical and mineralogical properties.  Results showed that several soil development processes occurred in each volcanic deposits with different characteristics.  Most soil layers met some of andic soil properties criteria such bulk density <0.9 g.cm-3, P retention of >85%, and (Alo + ½ Feo) >2.0%.  A thin melanic material showing black color layer was found at the lower part of the soil profile, i.e. in depth from 726 to 798 cm.  The dominant material in most soil layers is an allophane.  Minerals in the sand fraction were dominated by labradorite and augite, with some layers were hypersthene and green hornblende.

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