Changes in Beach Profiles at Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, Following Large-scale Removal of Sediments

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1226-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Owens ◽  
G. Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Normal Wave ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Scale Removal ◽  
Sediment Removal ◽  
One Year

The effects of sediment removal on three beaches have been monitored during a one year period following attempts to clean up an oil spill in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia. Profiles of these beaches are compared with those surveyed on a high energy beach on Crichton Island which was not affected by cleaning operations. It is apparent on beaches affected by cleaning operations that sediments removed from areas beyond the limit of normal wave action have not been replaced. Excessive sediment removal can seriously alter the equilibrium of a beach and this was demonstrated by a 20-m retreat of the beach crest at the eastern end of Indian Cove.

Ecosystem restoration in Louisiana — a decade after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Syed Khalil ◽  
Gregory Grandy ◽  
Richard Raynie
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
The State ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Louisiana Coast

Louisiana has a long history of coastal management and restoration actions with multiple projects implementing common approaches. Traditionally, most of the restoration efforts have been ongoing in Louisiana by state and federal agencies through the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act (CWPPRA). These activities are now being expanded significantly through additional funding and implementing entities such as the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf Coast States (RESTORE) Act of 2012 Council, National Resource and Damage Assessment (NRDA) through the Louisiana Trustee Implementation Group (LA TIG), and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF). Considering a broader ecosystem or landscape context for implemented restoration projects can provide a framework for emphasizing commonality of restoration goals. Such a framework allows for multiple benefits of restoration efforts to be quantified, including prioritized natural resources, ultimately assessing the effectiveness of large-scale restoration efforts in coastal Louisiana. Three disasters have completely changed the trajectory of Louisiana’s coastal resto- ration and protection program. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (2005) compelled the state to take serious note of the vagaries of nature, especially high-energy events like hurricanes, and to develop a comprehensive/robust coastal protection and restoration plan. Five years later, the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill exposed the fragility of the Louisiana coast but at the same time penalty monies provided much needed funding to implement the state’s coastal protection and restoration plans. This paper provides a high-level assessment of project implementation and makes the case that Louisiana could move quickly in the implementation of various restoration plans because robust and comprehensive restoration plans were previously developed and are available. Here, it must be appreciated that for the first time, dedicated funding is available not only for regional programmatic monitoring to implement adaptive management, but also for development of the art and science of restoration. It is also suggested that for efficient and cost effective implementation of Louisiana’s Coastal Master Plan federal agencies must work in tandem with the state/CPRA who not only bring the most comprehensive plan but expertise along with institutional knowledge to the table.

Coastal environments and oil spill residues in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 908-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Owens ◽  
M. A. Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Wave Activity ◽  
Sediment Supply ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Sediment Removal ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Investigations following the oil spill from the tanker ARROW in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, in 1970 have focussed on the physical and chemical degradation of the Bunker C oil in different littoral environments and on the effects of sediment removal to restore polluted beaches. Natural processes have restored the beaches effectively on coasts exposed to wave activity. In sheltered, low-energy areas, the oil has undergone relatively little change over the 3-year period and is still present in the littoral zone. The removal of contaminated sediments from exposed beaches has not caused major changes but has resulted in permanent retreat of the beach crest in areas of limited sediment supply.

Three Years of Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) for the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico, USA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 1251-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Michel ◽  
Zachary Nixon ◽  
William Holton ◽  
Mark White ◽  
Scott Zengel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
First Year ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
Actual Treatment ◽  
Sediment Removal ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT The oil from the 2010 Deepwater Horizon spill in the Gulf of Mexico was documented as stranding on 1,773 kilometers (km; 1,102 miles) of shoreline as of May 2013. Of the shorelines oiled, beaches comprised 50.8%, marshes 44.9%, and other shoreline types 4.3%. One year after the spill began, oil remained on 830 km; two years later, oil remained on 685 km and three years later, oil remained on 632 km, with 74% of the shoreline classified as trace (<1%) oiling degree. Shoreline cleanup activities were authorized on 660 km, or 73.3% of oiled beaches. Because the oil stranded over a three-month period and at a period in time when the beaches were in a relatively eroded condition, the oil became deeply buried and posed many challenges to its removal. The continued remobilization of oil buried in both intertidal and nearshore habitats resulted in the chronic re-oiling of sand beaches at trace levels for over three years, thus the slow rate of decline in the shoreline oiled lengths. Treatment of sand beaches in the first year focused on use of mechanical beach cleaners and excavation and sifting of deeply buried oil to minimize clean sediment removal. Later treatments were mostly manual except for mechanical excavation of deeply buried oil in Louisiana beaches in 2012 and 2013. Passive, manual, and mechanical treatments were authorized on 71 km, or 8.9% of oiled marshes and associated habitats, though actual treatment was conducted in smaller zones within these segments. Intensive marsh cleanup treatments were limited to ~1-2% of oiled marshes Gulf-wide and focused on areas with thick persistent marsh oiling. The Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) Program was the most complex and long lasting of any past spill. The SCAT Program evolved as needed to support the changing requirements and many challenges over the duration of the response. Many of the tools and products developed and used will be of value for future spill responses.

An HPC Framework for Large Scale Simulations and Visualizations of Oil Spill Trajectories

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tao ◽  
Werner Benger ◽  
Kelin Hu ◽  
Edwin Mathews ◽  
Marcel Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large Scale Simulations

Organic solvent-assisted free-standing Li2MnO3·LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 on 3D graphene as a high energy density cathode

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (91) ◽  
pp. 16381-16384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuelong Xin ◽  
Liya Qi ◽  
Yiwei Zhang ◽  
Zicheng Zuo ◽  
Henghui Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
3D Graphene ◽  
Active Particles

A novel organic solvent-assisted freeze-drying pathway, which can effectively protect and uniformly distribute active particles, is developed to fabricate a free-standing Li2MnO3·LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 (LR)/rGO electrode on a large scale.

scholarly journals Insectivorous songbirds as early indicators of future defoliation by spruce budworm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Germain ◽  
Daniel Kneeshaw ◽  
Louis De Grandpré ◽  
Mélanie Desrochers ◽  
Patrick M. A. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Maximum Probability ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Probability Of Presence ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
One Year ◽  
Local Sampling

Abstract Context Although the spatiotemporal dynamics of spruce budworm outbreaks have been intensively studied, forecasting outbreaks remains challenging. During outbreaks, budworm-linked warblers (Tennessee, Cape May, and bay-breasted warbler) show a strong positive response to increases in spruce budworm, but little is known about the relative timing of these responses. Objectives We hypothesized that these warblers could be used as sentinels of future defoliation of budworm host trees. We examined the timing and magnitude of the relationships between defoliation by spruce budworm and changes in the probability of presence of warblers to determine whether they responded to budworm infestation before local defoliation being observed by standard detection methods. Methods We modelled this relationship using large-scale point count surveys of songbirds and maps of cumulative time-lagged defoliation over multiple spatial scales (2–30 km radius around sampling points) in Quebec, Canada. Results All three warbler species responded positively to defoliation at each spatial scale considered, but the timing of their response differed. Maximum probability of presence of Tennessee and Cape May warbler coincided with observations of local defoliation, or provided a one year warning, making them of little use to guide early interventions. In contrast, the probability of presence of bay-breasted warbler consistently increased 3–4 years before defoliation was detectable. Conclusions Early detection is a critical step in the management of spruce budworm outbreaks and rapid increases in the probability of presence of bay-breasted warbler could be used to identify future epicenters and target ground-based local sampling of spruce budworm.

High energy density aqueous zinc–benzoquinone batteries enabled by carbon cloth with multiple anchoring effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Luo ◽  
Silin Zheng ◽  
Shuo Zhao ◽  
Xin Jiao ◽  
Zongshuai Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Carbon Cloth ◽  
Anchoring Effects ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity ◽  
Energy Storage Applications

Benzoquinone with high theoretical capacity is anchored on N-plasma engraved porous carbon as a desirable cathode for rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion batteries. Such batteries display tremendous potential in large-scale energy storage applications.

scholarly journals 1.5 °C degrowth scenarios suggest the need for new mitigation pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenz T. Keyßer ◽  
Manfred Lenzen
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Integrated Assessment Modelling ◽  
Negative Emissions ◽  
Energy Emissions

Abstract1.5  °C scenarios reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) rely on combinations of controversial negative emissions and unprecedented technological change, while assuming continued growth in gross domestic product (GDP). Thus far, the integrated assessment modelling community and the IPCC have neglected to consider degrowth scenarios, where economic output declines due to stringent climate mitigation. Hence, their potential to avoid reliance on negative emissions and speculative rates of technological change remains unexplored. As a first step to address this gap, this paper compares 1.5  °C degrowth scenarios with IPCC archetype scenarios, using a simplified quantitative representation of the fuel-energy-emissions nexus. Here we find that the degrowth scenarios minimize many key risks for feasibility and sustainability compared to technology-driven pathways, such as the reliance on high energy-GDP decoupling, large-scale carbon dioxide removal and large-scale and high-speed renewable energy transformation. However, substantial challenges remain regarding political feasibility. Nevertheless, degrowth pathways should be thoroughly considered.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-enriched graphene framework from a large-scale magnesiothermic conversion of CO2 with synergistic kinetics for high-power lithium-ion capacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Xiong Zhang ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Xianzhong Sun ◽  
Yanan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Chemical Doping ◽  
Lithium Ion Capacitor

AbstractLithium-ion capacitors are envisaged as promising energy-storage devices to simultaneously achieve a large energy density and high-power output at quick charge and discharge rates. However, the mismatched kinetics between capacitive cathodes and faradaic anodes still hinder their practical application for high-power purposes. To tackle this problem, the electron and ion transport of both electrodes should be substantially improved by targeted structural design and controllable chemical doping. Herein, nitrogen-enriched graphene frameworks are prepared via a large-scale and ultrafast magnesiothermic combustion synthesis using CO2 and melamine as precursors, which exhibit a crosslinked porous structure, abundant functional groups and high electrical conductivity (10524 S m−1). The material essentially delivers upgraded kinetics due to enhanced ion diffusion and electron transport. Excellent capacities of 1361 mA h g−1 and 827 mA h g−1 can be achieved at current densities of 0.1 A g−1 and 3 A g−1, respectively, demonstrating its outstanding lithium storage performance at both low and high rates. Moreover, the lithium-ion capacitor based on these nitrogen-enriched graphene frameworks displays a high energy density of 151 Wh kg−1, and still retains 86 Wh kg−1 even at an ultrahigh power output of 49 kW kg−1. This study reveals an effective pathway to achieve synergistic kinetics in carbon electrode materials for achieving high-power lithium-ion capacitors.

scholarly journals Modeling Gamma-Ray SEDs and Angular Extensions of Extreme TeV Blazars from Intergalactic Proton-Initiated Cascades in Contemporary Astrophysical EGMF Models

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Emil Khalikov
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Cherenkov Telescopes ◽  
The Universe

The intrinsic spectra of some distant blazars known as “extreme TeV blazars” have shown a hint at an anomalous hardening in the TeV energy region. Several extragalactic propagation models have been proposed to explain this possible excess transparency of the Universe to gamma-rays starting from a model which assumes the existence of so-called axion-like particles (ALPs) and the new process of gamma-ALP oscillations. Alternative models suppose that some of the observable gamma-rays are produced in the intergalactic cascades. This work focuses on investigating the spectral and angular features of one of the cascade models, the Intergalactic Hadronic Cascade Model (IHCM) in the contemporary astrophysical models of Extragalactic Magnetic Field (EGMF). For IHCM, EGMF largely determines the deflection of primary cosmic rays and electrons of intergalactic cascades and, thus, is of vital importance. Contemporary Hackstein models are considered in this paper and compared to the model of Dolag. The models assumed are based on simulations of the local part of large-scale structure of the Universe and differ in the assumptions for the seed field. This work provides spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and angular extensions of two extreme TeV blazars, 1ES 0229+200 and 1ES 0414+009. It is demonstrated that observable SEDs inside a typical point spread function of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) for IHCM would exhibit a characteristic high-energy attenuation compared to the ones obtained in hadronic models that do not consider EGMF, which makes it possible to distinguish among these models. At the same time, the spectra for IHCM models would have longer high energy tails than some available spectra for the ALP models and the universal spectra for the Electromagnetic Cascade Model (ECM). The analysis of the IHCM observable angular extensions shows that the sources would likely be identified by most IACTs not as point sources but rather as extended ones. These spectra could later be compared with future observation data of such instruments as Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) and LHAASO.

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