Pollen-bearing sediments of the St. Davids buried valley fill at the Whirlpool, Niagara River gorge, Ontario

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Karrow ◽  
J. Terasmae
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Niagara River ◽  
Valley Fill ◽  
Lacustrine Deposits ◽  
Late Wisconsinan

Continued studies of the buried St. Davids gorge, an ancient valley of the Niagara River, have indicated that the upper part of this gorge was filled in mid-Wisconsinan time and later. Lacustrine sediments dated at 23 000 years B.P. were deposited in the gorge when the late Wisconsinan ice caused the water level to rise in the Lake Ontario basin by blocking the eastern outlet, prior to over riding the Niagara area. Palynological studies support the correlation of the dated lacustrine deposits in the gorge with the Plum Point Interstade of southern Ontario.

Postglacial Recession of Niagara Falls in Relation to the Great Lakes

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith J. Tinkler ◽  
James W. Pengelly ◽  
William G. Parkins ◽  
Gary Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Upper Great Lakes ◽  
Niagara River ◽  
Niagara Falls ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
Valley Fill ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recession Rates ◽  
Late Wisconsinan

AbstractThe recessional history of Niagara Falls in the present Niagara Gorge during the postglacial period has been a focus of study throughout this century. Radiocarbon ages of clam shells suggest that Niagara Falls migrated very slowly around the narrowed gorge section at Niagara Glen from 10,500 to 5500 yr B.P., when upper Great Lakes water bypassed Lake Erie and flowed to the Ottawa River via the outlet at North Bay, Ontario. Prior to that interval, river discharge and recession rates were similar to those at present, and similar rates resumed after 5200 yr B.P. By about 4500 yr B.P., the present gorge had intersected a buried gorge of the pre-late Wisconsinan Niagara River (St. Davids Gorge). The sediment derived from the excavated buried valley fill may be present as a distinct marker horizon in the sediments in southwestern Lake Ontario.

Late glacial and postglacial geology in the Lake Ontario basin

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 802-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Sly ◽  
J. Wyn Prior
Keyword(s):  
Thick Layer ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Western Basin ◽  
Niagara River ◽  
Lacustrine Deposits ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
Lacustrine Clay ◽  
East End

Western Lake Ontario sediments record a till–mud–till sequence over bedrock and a thick layer of partly distorted glaciolacustrine clay unconformably overlying this. Another unconformity separates this clay from younger fine (lacustrine?) deposits, which are also distorted. Modern foreset and bottomset beds of the Niagara River overlap the lacustrine and glaciolacustrine deposits.In eastern Lake Ontario, thick glaciolacustrine clays overlie bedrock and the infilling ice-marginal deposits. These glaciolacustrine clays are severely distorted, and in the deepest parts of the area patches of overlying lacustrine (?) clay are preserved. A distorted terracelike deposit is preserved at higher elevation in the St. Lawrence trough. Bedrock, lag gravels, and sandy deposits characterize shallow-water areas.We suggest that after the fall of lake levels in the Lake Ontario basin, during the post-Iroquois lake phases, glaciolacustrine clays were subject to distortion by ice action at the time of the Greatlakean stadial. This deformation was more severe at the east end of the basin. At its lowest level, the surface of early Lake Ontario following the post-Iroquois phases was below the present lakebed in much of western Lake Ontario. Ice-wedge casts formed in sediments at both ends of the basin, soon after the initiation of early Lake Ontario, and are correlated with the Algonquin (St. Narcisse) glacial phase. Whereas there are significant accumulations of modern mud in the western basin of Lake Ontario, in the Kingston basin there is little except in the St. Lawrence trough.

scholarly journals A Lacustrine Glacier Retreat Sequence from the Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Formation, Republic of South Africa

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (103) ◽  
pp. 515-520
Author(s):  
J. N. J. Visser
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Glacier Retreat ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
Northern Margin ◽  
Valley Fill ◽  
Karoo Basin ◽  
Ice Retreat ◽  
Glacier Advance

Abstract The upper part of a Permo-Carboniferous glacial valley fill along the northern margin of the Karoo Basin includes glacio-lacustrine sediments. During the last glacier advance into the lake, a bedded heterogeneous diamictite facies was deposited and, on glacier retreat, a sequence of deformed siltstones with diamictite lenses and sandstone beds, varved shale and rhythmite shale was laid down. Black carbonaceous mud was deposited during the subsequent marine transgression. According to varve counts, the glacier receded from the valley over a period of 500 to 1 000 years and it is concluded that the overall ice-retreat rate during the Permo-Carboniferous deglaciation was relatively high.

Evidence of successful river spawning by lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in the Lower Niagara River, Lake Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gatch ◽  
Dimitry Gorsky ◽  
Zy Biesinger ◽  
Eric Bruestle ◽  
Kelley Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Niagara River

Trend surface analysis of major late Wisconsinan till sheets, Brantford–Woodstock area, southern Ontario

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Cowan
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Trend Surface Analysis ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Niagara Escarpment ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Grade Material ◽  
Late Wisconsinan ◽  
Relationship Of

Linear and quadratic trend surfaces were computed for textural, carbonate, clast, and heavy mineral properties of the Catfish Creek (Nissouri Stadial), Port Stanley (Port Bruce Stadial), Tavistock (Port Bruce Stadial), and Wentworth (Port Huron Stadial) tills.Catfish Creek Till pebble grade material provided trend surfaces reflecting the underlying bedrock. However, an overall lack of regional trends in Catfish Creek Till is consistent with field observations that indicate remarkable uniformity for this till over several hundred square kilometres, a phenomenon that is believed to reflect the high energy of this ice sheet. Carbonates in Port Stanley Till were found to increase from east to west as the Silurian–Devonian contact was crossed. Tavistock Till was found to have increasing sand content and decreasing silt content from northwest to southeast owing to incorporation of underlying glaciofluvial sediments; pebble trends reflect the underlying bedrock for the most part. Wentworth Till trend surfaces for carbonates and pebbles show high dolomite near the Niagara Escarpment to the east and northeast with a dilution of dolomite and influx of limestone to the southwest.The strong relationship of the trend surfaces to substrate materials indicates the basal nature of the tills and the local origin of most glacial deposits. Pebble lithologies provide much information about local bedrock and drift prospectors should give close consideration to coarse fragments.

Watershed derived nutrients for Lake Ontario inflows: Model calibration considering typical land operations in Southern Ontario

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Asadzadeh ◽  
Luis Leon ◽  
Craig McCrimmon ◽  
Wanhong Yang ◽  
Yongbo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Calibration ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Southern Ontario

Description and significance of a fossil earthworm (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) cocoon from postglacial sediments in southern Ontario

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1402-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald P. Schwert
Keyword(s):  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Fossil Evidence

A nearly complete cocoon of the lumbricid Dendrodrilus rubidus (Savigny, 1826) was isolated from lacustrine sediments of > 10 000 years in age in southern Ontario. The cocoon provides the first fossil evidence for the presence of earthworms in Canada preceding the arrival of European settlers.

UNUSUAL FOSSILIFEROUS CONCRETIONS FROM LACUSTRINE DEPOSITS IN THE LOWER JURASSIC MOENAVE FORMATION IN ST. GEORGE, UTAH, USA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ANCIENT FISH MASS MORTALITIES

Palaios ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-93
Author(s):  
ALLISON R. VITKUS ◽  
KAREN CHIN ◽  
JAMES I. KIRKLAND ◽  
ANDREW R.C. MILNER ◽  
EDWARD L. SIMPSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Lacustrine Sediments ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Lacustrine Deposits ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Mass Mortalities ◽  
Moenave Formation

ABSTRACT Two types of unusual concretions with similar biotic contents but markedly different shapes and distributions were found in close stratigraphic proximity within the Lower Jurassic Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation in St. George, Utah. Both types of concretions formed in lacustrine sediments and contain abundant ganoid fish scales, numerous ostracode carapaces, and apparent rip-up clasts. Elongate, cylindrical concretions developed in parallel and regularly spaced rows in one horizon, and comparatively flat and irregularly shaped and distributed concretions formed in an overlying layer only a few centimeters above. Microprobe and Raman analyses of concretion samples reveal abundant hematite in both concretions as well as groundmass minerals dominated by silica in the cylindrical concretions and dolomite in the flat concretions. The abundance of fish skeletal debris in concretions from two consecutive horizons may suggest recurring fish mass mortality in ancient Lake Dixie, the large lake that occupied the St. George area during the Early Jurassic. We propose a model for the formation of the concretions based on their shapes, distributions, and chemistry. In this model, accumulations of disarticulated fish debris were colonized and consolidated by microbial mats and shaped by oscillatory flow (in the case of the cylindrical concretions) or lack thereof (in the case of the flat concretions). Then, after burial, groundwater chemistry and possibly the metabolic activities of microorganisms led to the precipitation of minerals around and within the masses of fish material. Finally, diagenetic alteration changed the mineral makeups of the cylindrical and flat concretions into what they are today.

Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in the Surface Microlayer and Subsurface Water of the Niagara River, 1985-86

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. James Maguire ◽  
Richard J. Tkacz
Keyword(s):  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Niagara River ◽  
Niagara Falls ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Air Water Interface ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract The surface microlayer of the Niagara River at Niagara-on-the-Lake was sampled 34 times in 1985-86, and was shown to contain PCBs, chlorobenzenes and chlorinated hydrocarbons at concentrations generally up to 40 times greater than concentrations 1n subsurface water. Organisms which spend part or all of their lives at the air-water interface are thus likely to be at increased risk relative to subsurface water exposure. A small “spill” of PCBs 1n the river on July 29, 1986 was only detected in the surface micro-layer, and not in subsurface water. On this date, concentrations of PCBs in the surface microlayer were up to 6,400 times larger than concentrations in the subsurface water, and 1t appeared that the “spill” was downstream of Niagara Falls and the Whirlpool. Despite such high concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the surface microlayer, at no time during this study did the microlayer contribute significantly, relative to subsurface water, to the loading (i.e., amounts) of these chemicals from the Niagara River to Lake Ontario.

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