Evidence for the residual character of two soils, one on granite, the other on limestone in Peterborough County, Ontario

1969 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Gillespie ◽  
R. Protz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Crystalline Limestone

The morphology, particle size distribution, and clay mineralogy data of a Methuen soil derived from a granite and a Tweed soil derived from a crystalline limestone are interpreted as supporting the concept that these two soils are residual. Sand mineralogy and elemental analysis of mica support the residual hypothesis.

Clay mineral-grain size-calcite cement relationships in the Upper Cretaceous Chalk, UK: a preliminary investigation

Clay Minerals ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. V. Jeans ◽  
N. J . Tosca ◽  
X. F. Hu ◽  
S. Boreham
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
Dioctahedral Smectite ◽  
Calcite Cement

AbstractThe idea is tested that the evolution of the Chalk’s clay mineral assemblage during diagenesis can be deduced by examining the relationships between its clay mineralogy, particle size distribution pattern, and the timing and trace element chemistry of the calcite cement. The preliminary results from five different examples of cementation developed at different stages of diagenesis in chalks with smectite-dominated clay assemblages suggest that this is a promising line of investigation. Soft chalks with minor amount of anoxic series calcite cement poor in Mg, Fe and Mn are associated with neoformed trioctahedral smectite and/or dioctahedral nontronite and talc. Hard ground chalk with extensive anoxic series calcite cement enriched in Mg and relatively high Fe, Mn and Sr are associated with neoformed glauconite sensu lato, berthierine and dioctahedral smectite, possibly enriched in Fe. The chalk associated with large ammonites shows extensive suboxic series calcite cement enriched in Mg, Mn and Fe that show no obvious correlation with its clay mineralogy. Nodular chalks with patchy suboxic series calcite cement enriched in Fe are associated with neoformed dioctahedral smectite, possibly enriched in Al, and berthierine. Regionally hardened chalk with extensive suboxic calcite cement and relatively high trace element contents contain pressure dissolution seams enriched in kaolin and berthierine. Laser-based particle-size distribution patterns suggest that each type of lithification has a typical complex clay mineral population, indicating that subtleties in mineralogy are not being identified and that there could be some control on the size and shape of the clay crystals by the different types of cementation.

The influence of particle size distribution on soil physical properties

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Towner
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Saturated Soils ◽  
Fine Silt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Field Behaviour

SummaryBatcombe series soils readily break down to good tilths, Beccles series soils form cloddy seed beds that are resistant to weathering, and Stackyard series soils form unstable tilths that readily break down. The soils differ in their particle-size distribution. The proposition that such differences contributed to the differences in field behaviour was examined by forming artificial soils, each of which was made up from particles of one of the soils, but redistributed with respect to size in the proportion in which they occurred in one of the other soils.As a measure of the relevant physical properties, breaking strengths and bulk densities of cylindrical ‘clods’ moulded from the artificial soils were determined. To aid interpretation of the observed soil properties, similar measurements were made on individual fractions, on various other mixtures and on the parent soils.The breaking strengths of the soils made up to a given particle-size distribution from particles from the different parent soils were reasonably close to each other, with those for the Beccles distribution being more variable. There was a significant difference between the two. The strength of the reconstituted Batcombe soil was markedly greater than that of its parent soil, whereas that for Beccles soil was markedly less. There was little difference for the Stackyard soil.The bulk densities of saturated soils reconstituted from all nine fractions could be estimated reasonably accurately from the properties of the separate components. The structure of each of these soils in the air-dry state was inferred from comparisons between measured and calculated bulk densities. The breaking strengths of air-dry reconstituted soils were estimated from the properties of the separate components, and agreed reasonably well with the measured values for soils in which the clay and fine silt fractions predominated.Whereas it was generally possible to predict various physical properties of the reconstituted soils from those of the separate fractions, it was not possible to extrapolate the results to explain field behaviour.

scholarly journals Effect of Pressure on the Particle Size Distribution of Espresso Coffee

KIMIKA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Erick Christofer I. Gonzales ◽  
Karl Gabriel M. Lloren ◽  
Jihan S. Al-shdifat ◽  
Lica B. Valdez ◽  
Krizzia Rae Gines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Laser Diffraction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Percentage Volume ◽  
Espresso Coffee

Studies regarding particle size distribution, particularly in espressos are surprisingly few. Particle size distribution (PSD) is a plot that displays the average diameter versus percentage volume of the particles present in a sample. With increased awareness amongst coffee drinkers, a study aiming to report the effects of different pressure on particle size distribution of espresso from four different coffee blends was conducted. The method involved pulling of espresso shots at 7, 9, and 11 bar (or atm) from different coffee blends labeled as MA, CO, AL, and MO. Laser diffraction analysis showed different particle size groupings for each set of extraction pressure. Fine particles are within 1.20 to 28.70 µm. The most abundant particle size is centered at 185.4 µm. The particle size distribution of coffee blends composed of 100% Arabica coffee (AL and MO) but sourced from different locations, showed four similar modes or size ranges centered at 3.523, 13.005, 28.70, and 185.4 µm regardless of the extraction pressure or the coffee source. On the other hand, the coffee blends composed of different ratios of Arabica and Robusta (MA and CO) showed different modes depending on the pressure. This indicates the potential of PSD for characterizing the purity of a coffee blend. The particle size distribution can also give insights as to the sensory attributes of the espresso coffee.

scholarly journals Data imputation in in situ-measured particle size distributions by means of neural networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 5535-5554
Author(s):  
Pak Lun Fung ◽  
Martha Arbayani Zaidan ◽  
Ola Surakhi ◽  
Sasu Tarkoma ◽  
Tuukka Petäjä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Particle Sizer

Abstract. In air quality research, often only size-integrated particle mass concentrations as indicators of aerosol particles are considered. However, the mass concentrations do not provide sufficient information to convey the full story of fractionated size distribution, in which the particles of different diameters (Dp) are able to deposit differently on respiratory system and cause various harm. Aerosol size distribution measurements rely on a variety of techniques to classify the aerosol size and measure the size distribution. From the raw data the ambient size distribution is determined utilising a suite of inversion algorithms. However, the inversion problem is quite often ill-posed and challenging to solve. Due to the instrumental insufficiency and inversion limitations, imputation methods for fractionated particle size distribution are of great significance to fill the missing gaps or negative values. The study at hand involves a merged particle size distribution, from a scanning mobility particle sizer (NanoSMPS) and an optical particle sizer (OPS) covering the aerosol size distributions from 0.01 to 0.42 µm (electrical mobility equivalent size) and 0.3 to 10 µm (optical equivalent size) and meteorological parameters collected at an urban background region in Amman, Jordan, in the period of 1 August 2016–31 July 2017. We develop and evaluate feed-forward neural network (FFNN) approaches to estimate number concentrations at particular size bin with (1) meteorological parameters, (2) number concentration at other size bins and (3) both of the above as input variables. Two layers with 10–15 neurons are found to be the optimal option. Worse performance is observed at the lower edge (0.01<Dp<0.02 µm), the mid-range region (0.15<Dp<0.5 µm) and the upper edge (6<Dp<10 µm). For the edges at both ends, the number of neighbouring size bins is limited, and the detection efficiency by the corresponding instruments is lower compared to the other size bins. A distinct performance drop over the overlapping mid-range region is due to the deficiency of a merging algorithm. Another plausible reason for the poorer performance for finer particles is that they are more effectively removed from the atmosphere compared to the coarser particles so that the relationships between the input variables and the small particles are more dynamic. An observable overestimation is also found in the early morning for ultrafine particles followed by a distinct underestimation before midday. In the winter, due to a possible sensor drift and interference artefacts, the estimation performance is not as good as the other seasons. The FFNN approach by meteorological parameters using 5 min data (R2= 0.22–0.58) shows poorer results than data with longer time resolution (R2= 0.66–0.77). The FFNN approach using the number concentration at the other size bins can serve as an alternative way to replace negative numbers in the size distribution raw dataset thanks to its high accuracy and reliability (R2= 0.97–1). This negative-number filling approach can maintain a symmetric distribution of errors and complement the existing ill-posed built-in algorithm in particle sizer instruments.

scholarly journals Spruce Woodmeal for Newsprint Applications: A Handsheet Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Klaus Dölle ◽  
Sandro Zier
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
First Pass

This study shows that spruce woodmeal can be an alternative cellulosic-based wood additive               for newsprint applications. This study used unbleached wood flour produced from Spruce  sawdust, ground and sieved to a particle size of 20-40 µm, 40-70 µm, 70-120 µm and 200-500        µm. Woodmeal was added at levels of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% based on oven dry fiber content. The basis weight of the newsprint handsheet manufactured was 80 g/m². The study revealed the following outcomes: Woodmeal with a particle size distribution of 20-40 µm had the highest density followed by woodmeal with 70–150 µm, 40-70 µm, and 200-500µm. Increasing the woodmeal amount resulted in higher porosity. Woodmeal with a particle size distribution of 20-40 µm gave the lowest porosity and a particle size of 40-70 µm gave the highest porosity. The Tensile index and burst index show decreasing values for the addition of all woodmeals and particle sizes. Woodmeal with strength additive and a particle size of 20 – 40 µm outperforms the other woodmeal types at additions of 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. For woodmeal with a particle size of 70–150 µm at an addition of 2% and 4% an increased and similar burst index resulted for the handsheets. First pass retention and ash retention increased for all wood flours with a maximum at 92% and 81% respectively for the wood flour with a particle size of 40-70 µm.

Particle Size Distribution Characteristics of Lead in Street Dust and its Assessment

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1017-1020
Author(s):  
Qi Li ◽  
Ya Fen Han
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Street Dust ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grain ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Suzhou City

By the investigation of 23 samples from street pavement dust in Suzhou city, this article analyzed the the particle size distribution characteristics of lead in street dust, using the X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry and single factor method. The results show that: the lead concentrations in the particle size ranges of <75μm and 75-150μm are higher than the other ranges, which indicates lead is enriched in fine grain size; the particle size ranges of 250-500μm is at mild level of lead pollution, and the other particle size ranges are at medium level.

Effects of Particle Size Distribution on Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel in Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Shota Ohki ◽  
Shingo Mineta ◽  
Mamoru Mizunuma ◽  
Soichi Oka ◽  
Masayuki Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution
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