COMPARISON OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SOILS AND BEDROCK OF MONT ST. HILAIRE, QUEBEC

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Webber ◽  
J. U. Jellema
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Areal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Intrusive Rocks

Soil samples from Mont St. Hilaire, one of the Monteregian Hills of Quebec, were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence for the elements Fe, Ca, K, Ti, Mn, Sr, Zr, Nb, Zn, and Rb. The samples were taken below the surface organic-rich horizon.The composition of the parent material was calculated by comparing the soils with local rocks having similar Ti/Zr ratios, assuming that the Ti/Zr ratio has not changed appreciably during the soil-forming process. This comparison indicates that there has been little change in the concentration of most of the elements during weathering. Average ratios of concentration in soils to concentration in calculated parent material for the elements were Fe 1.25, Nb 1.11, Ca 1.08, Rb 1.07, Zn 1.02, Zr 0.96, Ti 0.94, Mn 0.82, Sr 0.69, K 0.54; that is, Fe showed a tendency to accumulate, and K, Sr, and possibly Mn showed a tendency to be depleted in the soils.The areal distribution of elements in the soils is in general agreement with what is known of the distribution of syenitic and essexitic intrusive rocks which make up most of the mountain.

Tribological Properties and Microstructure of Gradient Nanocomposite Coatings on the Basis of Ti-Al-Cr-B-N

2015 ◽  
Vol 1085 ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Sergeev ◽  
Victor P. Sergeev ◽  
Marina V. Fedorischeva ◽  
Andrey V. Voronov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Nanocomposite Coatings ◽  
Tialn Coating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Ions ◽  
Distribution Of Elements

The X-ray and mass spectroscopy of secondary ions, the phase composition, the distribution of elements in the depth of coating on the basis Ti-Al-N treated by the (Cr+B) ion beam was studied. It was established that the ion implantation of B and Cr in TiAlN coating leads to changes in the chemical composition of the surface layer and the redistribution of the elements in the surface layer. This fact leads to change of tribological properties and microhardness.

scholarly journals Transformation of the Mineral Composition of Dispersed Soil under Microbiological Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
N. G. Maksimovich ◽  
◽  
A. D. Demenev ◽  
V. T. Khmurchik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
New Formation

Microorganisms are widespread in soils of different genesis and can have a significant effect on their properties. The influence of the vital activity of aboriginal bacteria of different physiological groups on the mineral and chemical composition of clay soil was investigated using methods of X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and electron microscopic analyzes. The activation of the vital activity of the soil microflora led both to the destruction of rock-forming minerals and to the new formation of minerals - calcite and iron-containing minerals. During electron microscopic studies, mineral new formations were recorded in soil samples. Newly-formed connections between soil microaggregates were also observed.

Chemical Composition of an Unusual Xenolith of the Allende Meteorite

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Palme ◽  
G. Kurat ◽  
B. Spettel ◽  
A. Burghele
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Volatile Elements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic ◽  
Fine Grained Material ◽  
Chondrule Formation ◽  
Type 3

Abstract The chemical composition of an unusual xenolith (All-AF) from the Allende meteorite was determined by neutron activation and x-ray fluorescence analyses. The xenolith is similar in bulk composition to Allende, but has large excesses in some moderately volatile trace elements, such as Na, K, Au, Sb etc. Some of these elements show considerable variations in other components of Allende, suggesting inhomogeneous distribution in Allende. However, elements of higher volatility, such as Zn and Se have concentrations typical of bulk Allende and other type 3 carbonaceous chondrites. Therefore, All-AF must have formed from the same reservoir as bulk Allende.All-AF has uniform grain size and does not, and did never, contain chondrules. The low content of volatile elements, therefore cannot be ascribed to loss of volatiles during the chondrule forming process. It is a characteristic of the Allende reservoir. The chemical composition of related dark inclusions (DIs) in Allende is different from All-AF. Dark inclusions may have formed by separation of fine grained material in the early solar nebula while All-AF resembles bulk Allende material that was never subject to chondrule formation. Both, dark inclusions and All-AF have oxygen isotopic compositions which plot at the upper end of the δ18O vs. δ17O correlation, suggesting extensive oxygen exchange with ambient gas.

X-ray mapping without STEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
Judith M. Brock ◽  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Distribution Of Elements ◽  
Made In

A knowledge of the distribution of chemical elements in a specimen is often highly useful. In materials science specimens features such as grain boundaries and precipitates generally force a certain order on mental distribution, so that a single profile away from the boundary or precipitate gives a full description of all relevant data. No such simplicity can be assumed in life science specimens, where elements can occur various combinations and in different concentrations in tissue. In the latter case a two-dimensional elemental-distribution image is required to describe the material adequately. X-ray mapping provides such of the distribution of elements.The big disadvantage of x-ray mapping hitherto has been one requirement: the transmission electron microscope must have the scanning function. In cases where the STEM functionality – to record scanning images using a variety of STEM detectors – is not used, but only x-ray mapping is intended, a significant investment must still be made in the scanning system: electronics that drive the beam, detectors for generating the scanning images, and monitors for displaying and recording the images.

X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF SOIL SAMPLES FROM THE NAVESINK FORMATION IN MONMOUTH COUNTY, NEW JERSEY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda Maliszka ◽  
◽  
Sabrina Sobel ◽  
Anthony Johnson ◽  
Dennis Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Monmouth County

Preparation and properties of green rust type substances

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Vinš ◽  
Jan Šubrt ◽  
Vladimír Zapletal ◽  
František Hanousek
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Green Rust ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A method has been worked out for the reproducible preparation of Green Rust substances involving SO42-, Cl-, Br-, and I- anions. The chemical composition of the substances prepared has been followed in dependence on the synthesis conditions. The powder X-ray and electron diffraction patterns and infrared and Moessbauer spectra have been measured and discussed.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of residual stress measurements in cold extruded parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jaeger ◽  
Alessandro Franceschi ◽  
Holger Hoche ◽  
Peter Groche ◽  
Matthias Oechsner
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractCold extruded components are characterized by residual stresses, which originate from the experienced manufacturing process. For industrial applications, reproducibility and homogeneity of the final components are key aspects for an optimized quality control. Although striving to obtain identical deformation and surface conditions, fluctuation in the manufacturing parameters and contact shear conditions during the forming process may lead to variations of the spatial residual stress distribution in the final product. This could lead to a dependency of the residual stress measurement results on the relative axial and circumferential position on the sample. An attempt to examine this problem is made by the employment of design of experiments (DoE) methods. A statistical analysis of the residual stress results generated through X-Ray diffraction is performed. Additionally, the ability of cold extrusion processes to generate uniform stress states is analyzed on specimens of austenitic stainless steel 1.4404 and possible correlations with the pre-deformed condition are statistically examined. Moreover, the influence of the coating, consisting of oxalate and a MoS2 based lubricant, on the X-Ray diffraction measurements of the surface is investigated.

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