Llandovery (Early Silurian) orthide brachiopod associations from Anticosti Island, eastern CanadaThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme The dynamic reef and shelly communities of the Paleozoic. This Special is in honour of our colleague and friend Paul Copper.

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Yu Li ◽  
Trevor Allen
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Storm Wave ◽  
Anticosti Island ◽  
Future Reference

Five Llandovery orthide brachiopod associations, through cluster analysis, are delineated on Anticosti Island. The Levenea – Dicoelosia Association (A), occurring in the Goéland and Richardson members of the lower Jupiter Formation, represents a deep-water setting around or below the maximum storm wave base. The Flabellitesia – Dalejina Association (B), appearing in the Cybèle, Ferrum, and Pavillon members of the upper Jupiter Formation, indicates water depth in between the maximum and normal storm wave bases. The Isorthis ( Ovalella ) Association (C1), present in the Fox Point Member of Becscie Formation, corresponds to the shallower water setting around the normal storm wave base. The Mendacella bleikeriensis Association (C2), occurring in the Innommée, Sandtop, and Macgilvray members of Gun River Formation, characterizes the water depth slightly below the normal storm wave base. The Mendacella udauberis Association (D), appearing in the Merrimack Formation, signifies a water depth around the maximum storm wave base. The water depth indication of these associations may bear potential as future reference for other regions, but attention should be paid to the species level as some congeneric species can belong to different associations of different depth. The cluster analysis on orthide collections based on binary data demonstrates that statistical methods, Jaccard coefficient and Ward’s method of clustering, are practical and effective to delineate large brachiopod collections on Anticosti Island.

Communities and paleoecology of Eifelian (mid-Devonian) brachiopods from the Bird Fiord Formation of Arctic Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1485-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-yu Li ◽  
Brian Jones
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Benthic Assemblage ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Devon Island

The carbonate–siliciclastic strata in the Bird Fiord Formation of Arctic Canada contain a diverse brachiopod-dominated biota. A collection of 46 381 brachiopods from 126 sites at 35 localities on Ellesmere Island, North Kent Island, Grinnell Peninsula (Devon Island), and Bathurst Island includes 22 species assigned to 21 genera. Many of these taxa are endemic to Arctic Canada. Each collection of brachiopods is typically dominated by only one or two taxa. Cluster analysis, based on binary data, shows that the brachiopods can be divided into an Atrypa–Elythyna community group and a Spinatrypina–Desquamatia community group. The former encompasses the Atrypa–Elythyna and Atrypa–Elythyna–Perryspirifer communities, and the latter includes the Spinatrypina–Desquamatia and Spinatrypina–Desquamatia–Cranaena communities. The distribution of these communities was primarily related to water depth. Thus, the Atrypa–Elythyna community group, which belongs to benthic assemblage 3, lived in a shallow, proximal-shelf environment. The Spinatrypina–Desquamatia community group, which belongs to benthic assemblage 4, lived in a deeper, distal-shelf environment.

Ecological segregation of systematically related stream insects

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Grant ◽  
R. J. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Ecological Segregation ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Ecological Difference

Insects from a stream at Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec, were sampled monthly for 1 year. The degree of ecological difference between congeneric species in three orders was assessed by using a "coefficient of separation", similar to a modified Jaccard coefficient. It was found that species differed most in their season of occurrence, least in the substrates they occupied. The significance of this result in terms of the avoidance of competition is considered.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Analysis and Genetic Diversity of Colletotrichum falcatum Isolates Causing Sugarcane Red Rot Disease in Bangladesh

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Md Imam Hossain ◽  
Khairulmazmi Ahmad ◽  
Ganesan Vadamalai ◽  
Yasmeen Siddiqui ◽  
Norsazilawati Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Red Rot ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Red Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Genetic Diversity Study ◽  
Diversity Study

Colletotrichum falcatum Went causes red rot disease in sugarcane farming in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. This disease causes significant economic loss to the sugarcane production industry. Successful disease management strategies depend on understanding the evolutionary relationship between pathogens, genetic diversity, and population structure, particularly at the intra-specific level. Forty-one isolates of C. falcatum were collected from different sugarcane farms across Bangladesh for molecular identification, phylogeny and genetic diversity study. The four genes namely, ITS-rDNA, β-tubulin, Actin and GAPDH sequences were conducted. All the 41 C. falcatum isolates showed a 99–100% similarity index to the conserved gene sequences in the GenBank database. The phylogram of the four genes revealed that C. falcatum isolates of Bangladesh clustered in the same clade and no distinct geographical structuring were evident within the clade. The four gene sequences revealed that C. falcatum isolates from Bangladesh differed from other countries´ isolates because of nucleotides substitution at different loci. The genetic structure of C. falcatum isolates were determined using ISSR marker generated 404 polymorphic loci from 10 selected markers. The percentage of polymorphic loci was 99.01. The genetic variability at species level was slightly higher than at population level. Total mean gene diversity at the species level was 0.1732 whereas at population level it was 0.1521. The cluster analysis divided 41 isolates into four main genetic groups and the principal component analysis was consistent with cluster analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first finding on characterizing C. falcatum isolates infesting sugarcane in Bangladesh. The results of this present study provide important baseline information vis a vis C. falcatum phylogeny analysis and genetic diversity study.

The deep-water brachiopod Dicoelosia King, 1850, from the Early Silurian tropical carbonate shelf of Anticosti Island, eastern Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisuo Jin ◽  
Paul Copper
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Bedding Planes ◽  
Iapetus Ocean ◽  
Lateral Margins ◽  
Anticosti Island ◽  
Maximum Flooding Surface

Dicoelosia occurs in two deep water benthic shelly assemblages on an Early Silurian (uppermost Aeronian, Stimulograptus sedgwickii Zone) carbonate ramp to shelf, within the 25 m thick bluish-grey mudstone of the Richardson Member in the middle Jupiter Formation, Anticosti Island, Québec. Dicoelosia dauphinensis new species is erected on the basis of its relatively large, elongate shell, with a concavo-convex lateral profile, moderately wide, planoconvex lobes and subparallel lateral margins. Dicoelosia dauphinensis first occurs in a Gotatrypa-Dicoelosia Community, in which it constitutes about 7 percent of the individuals within sampled populations. This is replaced about 2 m up section by a Resserella-Dicoelosia Community, where D. dauphinensis makes up 22 percent of the individuals preserved on single bedding planes. Subsequently, Dicoelosia becomes a rare component of the Stegerhynchus-Triplesia Community in a shallowing-upward succession of the upper Richardson Member. It is in this upper Richardson shelly community that Stimulograptus sedgwickii is locally common, together with in situ brachiopod nests of Eocoelia, Triplesia, and Lissatrypa at the upper Jupiter Cliff section. The water depth estimated for the Resserella-Dicoelosia Community is between 100-120 m, below the normal depth range of the Clorinda Community (BA5) on Anticosti, in a distal shelf setting about 80-100 km offshore from the Laurentia paleocontinent, on the west side of the Iapetus Ocean. The interpretation of water depth is based on the facts that, 1) Dicoelosia-rich communities are confined to strata, which lack shallow water sedimentological evidence such as thick calcarenites and hummocky cross stratification, 2) Dicoelosia does not occur with shallower water taxa seen in the overlying Clorinda and Stricklandia communities associated with cyclocrinitid algae, corals and stromatoporoids in the Cybèle Member, and 3) Dicoelosia occurs only in the deeper water sections of the Richardson Member, some 10-15 km basinwards from mid-shelf shallower Richardson facies of the Anticosti Basin. Thus, the Dicoelosia-rich communities are interpreted to mark a maximum flooding surface within the distal shelf to ramp Llandovery succession of Anticosti Island.

A paleoenvironmental study of early to middle Pleistocene foraminifera of the Santa Barbara Formation at Santa Barbara, California

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Timothy Patterson ◽  
Charlotte A. Brunner ◽  
Rosemary Capo ◽  
Jeremy Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Neogloboquadrina Pachyderma ◽  
California Borderland ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range

An interval of the Early to Middle Pleistocene history of the California Borderland was assessed using multivariate analysis of foraminifera from the Santa Barbara Formation at Bathhouse Beach, Santa Barbara, California. A census of 93 species of benthic foraminifera and nine species of planktonic foraminifera was compiled from 11 samples from the shelly marls, silts, and sands of the lower member. Most species of benthic foraminifera are rare and only 38 species comprise one percent or more of the population in one or more samples.Paleoenvironment of the sea floor was determined based on benthic foraminifera. R-mode cluster analysis defined five associations which are similar to those of the present-day banks and terraces of the California Borderland. Q-mode cluster analysis grouped samples into four biofacies which characterize shallow banks near 50 meters water depth and off-shore ridges and deep banks averaging 150 meters water depth. The stratigraphic succession of biofacies indicates two transgressive cycles separated by an apparent disconformity between 7.5 and 8.9 meters above the base of the section (between samples 3 and 4).Paleoceanography of surficial waters was interpreted from planktonic foraminifera. Paleotemperature was assessed from the proportion of sinistral to dextral morphs and from the proportion of encrusted, compact morphs to reticulate, globular morphs of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma. The coiling morphs show a warm interval from the base of the section to about 12 meters (between samples 5 and 6), and a cooler interval from about 12 meters to about 24 meters (between samples 10 and 11), and an interval of intermediate paleotemperature in the topmost sample of the section. Changes in the planktonic assemblage do not coincide with the transgressive cycles inferred from the benthic biofacies.The Bathhouse Beach section can be placed chronostratigraphically based on planktonic foraminiferal coiling shifts and strontium isotopic data. The isotopic age range of 400 to 900 Kyr brackets the 600 Kyr age assigned by Lagoe and Thompson (1988) to the Neogloboquadrina pachyderma coiling dominance interval CD9/CD8 boundary which occurs midway in the section, between samples 5 and 6.

scholarly journals Analysis of Morphological Characteristics of Collapsed Reservoirs in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Donghyun Kim ◽  
Jongsung Kim ◽  
Wonjoon Wang ◽  
Joonseok Lee ◽  
Jaewon Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Group A ◽  
In Parenthesis ◽  
The Given ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Shallow Water Depth ◽  
Levee Height

The purpose of this study is to analyze the basic specifications or items of 17,313 reservoirs distributed throughout Korea and in particular, to establish the relationships among the morphological characteristics of the reservoirs. In addition, the morphology index, the storage (S)–area of full water (A)–levee height (H) (S–A–H) relationship, and the storage(S)–area of full water (A) (S–A) relationship were determined for collapsed reservoirs. In this study, histograms for 11 parameters, such as storage capacity, area of full water, levee height, and basin area, were plotted, and the distributions of the reservoir parameters were examined. The morphology index was used to classify the reservoirs based on the depth, and the coefficient values of the relationships of S–A–H and S–A were used to compare S with both A and H or only A. The coefficient value of S–A–H was inversely proportional to S, and when the coefficient value was high, the storage was small. The coefficient value of S–A was proportional to S, and when the coefficient value was small, the storage wassmall. Cluster analysis was performed based on the given items to determine the characteristics of all the reservoirs and only the collapsed reservoirs. From the cluster analysis results, the reservoirs were divided into five groups: A, B, C, D, and E. There were 7,714 (14) in Group A, 6,053 (4) in B, 2,633 (2) in C, 745 (1) in D, and 168 (0) in E for all the reservoirs and collapsed reservoirs (with the values of the collapsed reservoirs in parenthesis). The morphological indexes werelow in the order of A > B > C > D > E, and the coefficient values of S–A–H were high in the order of A > B > C > E > D. The coefficient values of S–A were low in the order of A > B > D > C > E. Based on the clustered analysis results for 21 collapsed reservoirs, the reservoirs were clustered in the order of A (14) > B (4) > C (2) > D (1) > E (0). A reservoir with shallow water depth and small storage capacity has an inherent probability of collapsing. Therefore, the results of this study are useful for reservoir management and operation, as well as for the prevention of reservoir collapse.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of 21 Tea Genotypes [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Based on RAPD Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Budi Martono ◽  
Syafaruddin Syafaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Monomorphic Band ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

<em>Knowing the genetic diversity in the tea germplasms collection is one of important conditions for assembling new superior varieties. Information of genetic diversity can be obtained through analysis using RAPD molecular markers. The study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of 21 tea genotypes based on RAPD markers. The research was conducted in Integrated Laboratory, Seameo Biotrop, Bogor, from July to September 2013. Genomic DNA was isolated from 21 tea genotypes leaf samples, then amplified with primer OPA 03, OPA 05, OPB 04, OPB 06, OPC 06, and OPD 08. Electrophoresis result was converted into binary data. The genetic similarity and cluster analysis calculation was done using NTSYS-pc version 2.10. In this research, 50 polymorphic bands (94,34%) and 3 monomorphic band (5,66%) were obtained. Cluster analysis based on Nei's genetic distance using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmatic (UPGMA) divided 21 tea genotypes into two groups at a genetic similarity value of 0,48. Group 1 consisted of 20 tea genotypes, while the second group comprised only a one genotype (Sin 27). The range of genetic similarity matrix was between 28%–92%, the lowest genetic similarity (28%) was found between GMB 4 and Sin 27 genotypes, while the highest (92%) was found between AS 2 and AS 1 genotypes. The information obtained can be utilized in breeding programs with the support of agronomic characters as well as in the conservation of tea germplasm.</em>

Foliar venation characteristics of Vaccinium sect. Macropelma and sect. Myrtillus (Ericaceae): a comparative analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2015-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ann Powell ◽  
S. P. Vander Kloet
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Hawaiian Species

A suite of eight foliar venation characteristics from two closely related sections of Vaccinium L., sect. Macropelma Klotzsch and sect. Myrtillus Dumortier, were analyzed to assess the level of similarity between these sister sections, address the questionable classification of Vaccinium cereum (L.f) Forster, and assess the diagnostic ability of venation characteristics. Our analysis revealed no significant differences in foliar venation characteristics between V. cereum and the Hawaiian species from sect. Macropelma. In addition, all the leaves of V. cereum examined contained the attenuated extended bundle sheath system as found in other representatives from sect. Macropelma. Taximetric analysis showed that these quantitative foliar venation characters were diagnostic at the sectional level but not at the species level. A cluster analysis of 108 operational taxonomic units did separate the two sections but did not discriminate among the 12 individual species. However, a similar taximetric analysis using the character means for each species (for the eight foliar characters), which "smoothed out" the variation due to environmental plasticity, produced a dendrogram which closely resembled the currently accepted Vaccinium classification. Although further investigations into the constancy and reliability of foliar venation characters in the remaining sections of Vaccinium are desirable, our results clearly show that these quantitative vegetative foliar characters do have diagnostic value and can be utilized in taximetric analyses. Key words: Vaccinium, venation, leaf, systematics.

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