Introduction to the Grenville Province: a geological and mineral resources perspective derived from government and academic research initiatives

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1637-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Corriveau ◽  
Thomas Clark
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Grenville Province ◽  
Mineral Potential ◽  
New Research

Canadian society faces a significant decline in the number of active mines and in the discovery rate of base and precious metal deposits. Exploring in the shadows of active and former mines with improved metallogenic models and new technologies is one way to address this problem. Another way is to diversify mineral exploration outside known mining camps and target prospective but underexplored settings and nonconventional mineral deposits. In Canadian terms, diversifying exploration commonly translates into targeting gneissic and granitic terrains where modern geoscience knowledge may be rare or only at reconnaissance scale and where key regional and local indicators and vectors to ore may be missing in the geological record. Though underexplored settings abound in Canada, only one orogen has an aura that discourages exploration: the Grenville Province. Consequently, even though the Grenville Province provides the best model of a deep continental-collision zone so far studied anywhere on Earth and constitutes a microcosm of continental accretion, it remains underexplored, underprospected, undermapped and underestimated. It is thus essential to revisit the mineral potential of the most accessible orogen of the Canadian Shield, search for its missing volcanic belts, reexamine its ore deposits and mineral occurrences, and explore new research avenues using the best remote-sensing device on Earth: human eyes. This special issue captures advances associated with regional field investigations by government that played a special role in opening up frontier areas for mineral exploration. Papers stemming from academia and government–university–industry consortiums investigate further some of the topics covered by these and earlier surveys and others contribute structural and metamorphic insights that will be valuable in future mapping projects. The advances reported here for the Grenville Province may provide impetus to revisit other Grenville-age terrains worldwide, just as metallogenic models developed in other countries have provided the means to look in a different manner at the Grenville orogen for mineral deposits. Collectively all the various approaches presented in this volume help us to revamp our way of looking at the mineral potential of the Grenville orogen.

scholarly journals Bjørnesund Project, West Greenland

1992 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
P.W.U Appel
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Stream Sediment ◽  
Heavy Mineral ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Mineral Potential ◽  
Sediment Sampling ◽  
Sampling Programme

The Bjørnesund Project is aimed at an evaluation of the mineral potential of the southernmost part of the municipality of Nuuk, between Bjørnesund and the large glacier Frederikshåb Isblink. One of the reasons that economic mineral deposits were expected to occur in the Bjørnesund area, was the presence of gold anomalies in heavy mineral concentrates from stream sediments (Appel, 1989). Another reason was the presence of anthophyllite-rich zones, presumed to have formed by hydrothermal alteration. At a fairly late stage in the planning of the field programme, the project was enlarged to include a regional geochemical stream sediment sampling programme in the area between 64°N and Bjørnesund. This latter part of the project was financed by a separate contribution from the Mineral Resources Administration, Ministry of Energy.

scholarly journals DOTAÇÃO MINERAL, MEIO AMBIENTE E DESENVOLVIMENTO NO ALTO JEQUITINHONHA

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Scliar
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Mineral Potential ◽  
Mineral Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

The Alto Jequitinhonha region contains important mineral deposits wich have been known and exploitedsince the Brazilian colonial period. Despite this mineral potential, its population is one of the poorest inthe State of Minas Gerais. The extraction of ores is presently under much debate due to its complexrelationship with the environment and the regional development, particularly the Brundland report wichdefined guidelines for what is being called sustainable development. The situation is out of control on thepart of the government concerning such matters as mineral rights, payment of taxes and control andmonitoring of the environment. This scenario prevents the definition of public guidelines to allow theexploration of mineral resources such as diamond, gold, manganese, kyanite, chromite and other ores inregional projects. The first step must be taken by joint, articulated actions of the different federal, stateand municipal institutions to monitor, control and encourage mineral activities in the region. Such activitiescan act to enhance the generation of jobs and wealth, without neglecting the environment.

Metallogeny of the Grenville Province revisited

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1719-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Gauthier ◽  
Francis Chartrand
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Metamorphic Belt ◽  
Grenville Province ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
Zinc Deposits

Four new petrogenetic and metallogenic models are proposed herein to explain the formation of important mineral deposits in the Grenville Province, providing a framework from which to reappraise Grenvillian mineral potential. Recognition of a high-pressure metamorphic belt within the Grenville Province suggests a potential for eclogite-hosted rutile deposits, an important and much-sought commodity. A recently developed Norwegian model proposes that anorthosite genesis occurred through lower crust underplating and coeval partial melting, rather than by plume magmatism. Applied to the Grenville Province, the new petrogenetic model may provide insight into the widespread occurrence of platinum group element (PGE) poor nickel showings and the distribution of chromite, Ti-rich, and low-Ti iron-oxide deposits within the Grenville and adjacent terranes. A new type of sedimentary–exhalative (SEDEX) mineralization formed by oxidized brines has been defined following the discovery of new deposits in Australia. Applied to the Grenville Province, it provides a possible explanation for two long-recognized features of marble-hosted zinc deposits: (i) the presence of meta-siderite beds occurring as distal haloes around SEDEX zinc deposits, and (ii) the mutually exclusive division of these SEDEX deposits into massive sulphide and nonsulphide groups. The discovery of the giant Olympic Dam iron-oxide copper–gold (IOCG) deposit in Australia renewed the interest in magmatic low-Ti iron-oxide deposits in the Grenville Province that have been known and mined since early colonial times. Subsequent exploration in the northeastern part of the Grenville Province revealed the presence of breccia-hosted Cu–Au–U – rare-earth element (REE)-bearing iron-oxide mineralization. This deposit and other low-Ti iron-oxide deposits in the southwestern Grenville Province have a previously undocumented close spatial and temporal association with Ti-rich iron-oxide deposits. These examples demonstrate how new petrogenetic, tectonic, and ore deposit models developed in unmetamorphosed rocks can be successfully adapted to high-grade terranes, where they stimulate mineral exploration in these challenging conditions. Furthermore, by tracking the formation of ore deposits in the lower crust, the existence of unsuspected metallogenic associations in the higher crust, such as the low-Ti and high-Ti iron-oxide association observed in the Grenville Province, may be revealed.

The Future of Quantitative Resource Assessments

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Singer ◽  
W. David Menzie
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Mineral Deposit ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Geologic Maps ◽  
Unbiased Estimates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessment

The difference between the ideas presented by Allais (1957) fifty years ago and those presented in this book reflect a significant growth in knowledge since his work, and the recognition of the value of, and ways to capture, geologic information. We now can use geologic maps to divide large regions into parts that could contain different kinds of mineral deposits, and we know that these different kinds of mineral deposits are significantly different in the amounts and qualities of minerals of interest to society, which affect chances that the deposits will be sought, found, and exploited by society. It is important to remember that our goal is to provide unbiased estimates of undiscovered mineral resources and then to minimize the uncertainty associated with the estimates. Here we point out where there are opportunities to improve the three-part form of quantitative mineral resource assessment. Many of these opportunities come from identified sources on uncertainties in present assessments of all kinds, such as assessing resources under cover. Some of the improvements can be made in parts of the present assessments that are not completed such as economic filters. Additional opportunities come from the possibilities of harnessing the power of new technologies such as probabilistic neural networks to well-designed applications in these kinds of assessments. Future quantitative assessments will be expected to estimate quantities, values, and locations of undiscovered mineral resources in a form that conveys both economic viability and uncertainty associated with the resources. Uncertainties about undiscovered resources can be addressed and reduced through improved mineral deposit models, better economic filters and simulators, and application of new technologies to integrate information and by better dealing with geographic uncertainty due to covered terrains (Singer, 2001). Finally, all of these possible ways to improve assessments rely on careful applications of the tools. Research opportunities in quantitative resource assessment could be identified in at least three ways: (1) by listing unfinished or flawed parts of assessment tools, (2) by pointing to new technologies that could improve assessments, and (3) by focusing on tasks that could most significantly reduce uncertainties in assessments, and here we consider each.

scholarly journals DEPLETION EXTENT ESTIMATION OF IRON ORE DEPOSITS WITH THE AIM OF FORECASTING POST-LIQUIDATION WORKS

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
O. V. Plotnikov ◽  
M. M. Kurylo ◽  
S. К. Kosharna
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Iron Formation ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Banded Iron Formation ◽  
Intensive Exploitation ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
Iron Ore Deposits

The problems of underground exhaustion processes on the example of iron ore deposits of Kryvbas are studied. As objects Kryvbas deposits of different geological and mining types were selected. The methodology for forecasting of the costs for post-liquidation development of licensed areas, which is based on the experience of European countries has been proposed. These ones are with the most evident signs of intensive deve­lopment and exhaustion of mineral resources. Valiavkinske Banded Iron Formation deposit is characterized by extraction intensification and dangerous changes of geological environment. The Pivdennyi Quarry with reserves of previously lost rich ores has most of exhaustion phase signs with prolongation of extraction in complicated mining conditions. The ecological-geological and geological-economic indicators of intensive exploitation of mineral deposits are compared and formulas for environmental costs calculations on objects are given.

Mineral resources - crucial components of a vital and wealthy society

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Wittenberg ◽  
Daniel P. S. de Oliveira ◽  
Javier González Sanz ◽  
Lisbeth Flindt Jørgensen ◽  
David Whitehead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Local Sourcing

<p>Changes in our world mean that Europe is facing many pressing demographic and geographic challenges. A growing, aging population coupled with changes in population density are causing environmental stresses to our ecosystem that when coupled with climate change create challenges in sustainable food production and the use of natural raw materials. At the same time, the Fridays For Future Movement is calling out loudly for Future and Climate Justice, CO<sub>2</sub>-neutrality, resource efficiency and (almost) closed material loops. These issues are already expressed by the 17 UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) and widely shared through the Paris Agreement. The European Union and the National Governments have launched many frameworks and action plans such as the European Green Deal to achieve a carbon-neutral economy and clean mobility for example. Certainly, any of those transformations and any infrastructure developments will require sustainably produced mineral raw materials to deliver key enabling technologies and to meet the needs of the Industry 4.0 society. Moreover, improvements in buildings such as energy efficiency through insulation technologies, other infrastructure developments and the Europe’s cultural heritage preservation add to the increasing demand in mineral resources.</p><p>The demand for ever increasing volumes of mineral resources cannot be met exclusively by recycling and thermodynamics does not allow for fully closed material loops. Hence, a sustainable supply of raw materials will always require accessibility to mineral deposits and productive mines while the effects of competing land-use issues and NIMBY activism are increasing too.</p><p>The realisation of a low-carbon society and a self-concept of reliable sourcing increasingly require short feed strokes and local sourcing. A good understanding of mineral systems, mining sites, and remaining resources of historical sites will stay of utmost importance. The four <strong>GeoERA Raw Materials</strong> projects* EuroLITHOS, FRAME, MINDeSEA and Mintell4EU share expertise, information and focus on European on-shore and off-shore resources.</p><p><strong>EuroLITHOS</strong> gives specific attention to ornamental stone resources for which Europe has a long tradition in mining, processing and usage.</p><p><strong>FRAME</strong> designed to research the Strategic and Critical Raw Materials (SCRM) in Europe to gain new insights into reserves and resources taking into account new technologies and developments.</p><p><strong>MINDeSEA</strong> focuses on exploration and investigation of SCRM from seafloor mineral deposits in European waters. Identifying areas for responsible resourcing and information on management and Marine Spatial Planning in European Seas are in its core of action.</p><p><strong>Mintell4EU</strong> focuses on harmonizing data, utilizes the UNFC, providing spatial data and thematic maps. Updated electronic Minerals Yearbook and Europe’s Minerals Inventory are among the products.</p><p>Foresight and forecasting of the raw material supply potential of Europe will become more reliable through increased data quality and harmonization. Workshops and training courses will add to ensure an improvement of the European Raw Materials Knowledge Base. GeoERA Raw Materials projects create valuable, accessible and public data, and information for policy-makers and end-users of geological data and minerals information in Europe.</p><p> </p><p>[*] This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731166</p>

scholarly journals Seismic methods in mineral exploration and mine planning: A general overview of past and present case histories and a look into the future

Geophysics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. WC173-WC190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Malehmir ◽  
Raymond Durrheim ◽  
Gilles Bellefleur ◽  
Milovan Urosevic ◽  
Christopher Juhlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Seismic Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Borehole Seismic

Due to high metal prices and increased difficulties in finding shallower deposits, the exploration for and exploitation of mineral resources is expected to move to greater depths. Consequently, seismic methods will become a more important tool to help unravel structures hosting mineral deposits at great depth for mine planning and exploration. These methods also can be used with varying degrees of success to directly target mineral deposits at depth. We review important contributions that have been made in developing these techniques for the mining industry with focus on four main regions: Australia, Europe, Canada, and South Africa. A wide range of case studies are covered, including some that are published in the special issue accompanying this article, from surface to borehole seismic methods, as well as petrophysical data and seismic modeling of mineral deposits. At present, high-resolution 2D surveys mostly are performed in mining areas, but there is a general increasing trend in the use of 3D seismic methods, especially in mature mining camps.

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