Iron oxide - copper - gold-type and related deposits in the Manitou Lake area, eastern Grenville Province, Quebec: variations in setting, composition, and style

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1829-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Clark ◽  
A Gobeil ◽  
J David
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Grenville Province ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
Radioactive Minerals ◽  
Metasomatic Replacement

The Manitou Lake area (Kwyjibo and Lac Marmont sectors), located in Quebec's eastern Grenville Province, contains magnetite-rich deposits with variable morphological, mineralogical, and chemical characteristics. Most Kwyjibo sector deposits are rich in Cu, rare-earth elements (REE), Y, P, F, and Ag and are anomalous in Th, U, Mo, W, Zr, and Au, and Lac Marmont sector deposits are commonly poor in these elements. Deposits occur in or are closely associated with 1175–1168 Ma leucogranite. They contain combinations of magnetite, clinopyroxene, blue–green hornblende, titanite, apatite, fluorite, quartz, biotite, andradite, epidote, albite, hematite, sulfides (chalcopyrite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, molybdenite, sphalerite), ilmenite, allanite, and other REE-bearing minerals. Veins and breccias are common. Most of the magnetite mineralization was preceded by potassic metasomatism (microcline) and was followed by most of the sulfides and radioactive minerals. Nearby sulfide-dominant deposits may be related. The deposits were formed by metasomatic replacement and fracture filling from hydrothermal fluids of variable composition, which were probably channeled in major, active faults. Oxygen-isotope data from magnetite-rich rocks suggest that fluids were predominantly magmatic and (or) metamorphic and that, locally, mixing with cooler meteoric water may have facilitated precipitation of sulfides and rare-metal minerals. Titanites in mineralized rock have been dated at 972 ± 5 Ma, but most magnetite may be older. Mineralization was syn- to post-tectonic and occurred in an orogenic to orogenic-collapse setting. The Cu–REE–Y-rich deposits are similar to iron oxide – copper – gold (IOCG) Olympic Dam type deposits, and copper- and rare-metals-poor occurrences resemble magnetite ± apatite Kiruna-type deposits.

The Mina Justa Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) Deposit, Peru: Constraints on Metal and Ore Fluid Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Rodriguez-Mustafa ◽  
Adam C. Simon ◽  
Laura D. Bilenker ◽  
Ilya Bindeman ◽  
Ryan Mathur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Type I ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Hydrothermal Processes ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
Iocg Deposit ◽  
Mg Content

Abstract Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits are major sources of Cu, contain abundant Fe oxides, and may contain Au, Ag, Co, rare earth elements (REEs), U, and other metals as economically important byproducts in some deposits. They form by hydrothermal processes, but the source of the metals and ore fluid(s) is still debated. We investigated the geochemistry of magnetite from the hydrothermal unit and manto orebodies at the Mina Justa IOCG deposit in Peru to assess the source of the iron oxides and their relationship with the economic Cu mineralization. We identified three types of magnetite: magnetite with inclusions (type I) is only found in the manto, is the richest in trace elements, and crystallized between 459° and 707°C; type Dark (D) has no visible inclusions and formed at around 543°C; and type Bright (B) has no inclusions, has the highest Fe content, and formed at around 443°C. Temperatures were estimated using the Mg content in magnetite. Magnetite samples from Mina Justa yielded an average δ56Fe ± 2σ value of 0.28 ± 0.05‰ (n = 9), an average δ18O ± 2σ value of 2.19 ± 0.45‰ (n = 9), and Δ’17O values that range between –0.075 and –0.047‰. Sulfide separates yielded δ65Cu values that range from –0.32 to –0.09‰. The trace element compositions and textures of magnetite, along with temperature estimations for magnetite crystallization, are consistent with the manto magnetite belonging to an iron oxide-apatite (IOA) style mineralization that was overprinted by a younger, structurally controlled IOCG event that formed the hydrothermal unit orebody. Altogether, the stable isotopic data fingerprint a magmatic-hydrothermal source for the ore fluids carrying the Fe and Cu at Mina Justa and preclude significant input from meteoric water and basinal brines.

Metallogeny of the Grenville Province revisited

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1719-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Gauthier ◽  
Francis Chartrand
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Ore Deposits ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Metamorphic Belt ◽  
Grenville Province ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
Zinc Deposits

Four new petrogenetic and metallogenic models are proposed herein to explain the formation of important mineral deposits in the Grenville Province, providing a framework from which to reappraise Grenvillian mineral potential. Recognition of a high-pressure metamorphic belt within the Grenville Province suggests a potential for eclogite-hosted rutile deposits, an important and much-sought commodity. A recently developed Norwegian model proposes that anorthosite genesis occurred through lower crust underplating and coeval partial melting, rather than by plume magmatism. Applied to the Grenville Province, the new petrogenetic model may provide insight into the widespread occurrence of platinum group element (PGE) poor nickel showings and the distribution of chromite, Ti-rich, and low-Ti iron-oxide deposits within the Grenville and adjacent terranes. A new type of sedimentary–exhalative (SEDEX) mineralization formed by oxidized brines has been defined following the discovery of new deposits in Australia. Applied to the Grenville Province, it provides a possible explanation for two long-recognized features of marble-hosted zinc deposits: (i) the presence of meta-siderite beds occurring as distal haloes around SEDEX zinc deposits, and (ii) the mutually exclusive division of these SEDEX deposits into massive sulphide and nonsulphide groups. The discovery of the giant Olympic Dam iron-oxide copper–gold (IOCG) deposit in Australia renewed the interest in magmatic low-Ti iron-oxide deposits in the Grenville Province that have been known and mined since early colonial times. Subsequent exploration in the northeastern part of the Grenville Province revealed the presence of breccia-hosted Cu–Au–U – rare-earth element (REE)-bearing iron-oxide mineralization. This deposit and other low-Ti iron-oxide deposits in the southwestern Grenville Province have a previously undocumented close spatial and temporal association with Ti-rich iron-oxide deposits. These examples demonstrate how new petrogenetic, tectonic, and ore deposit models developed in unmetamorphosed rocks can be successfully adapted to high-grade terranes, where they stimulate mineral exploration in these challenging conditions. Furthermore, by tracking the formation of ore deposits in the lower crust, the existence of unsuspected metallogenic associations in the higher crust, such as the low-Ti and high-Ti iron-oxide association observed in the Grenville Province, may be revealed.

scholarly journals Mineralization of rare metals in the lakes of East Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
B. B Amralinova ◽  
O. V Frolova ◽  
I. E Mataibaeva ◽  
B. B Agaliyeva ◽  
S. V Khromykh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Rare Metal ◽  
Rare Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Terrain Model ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Lake Waters

Purpose. Study on the chemical composition of lake waters, salt brines, brine and bottom sediments to identify the mineralization of rare metals and other types of minerals. Methodology. Mass spectrometric studies (mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ICP-MS 7500cx from AgilentTechnologies) for the purpose of high-precision analytical studies on the chemical composition of salt lake water in order to assess the content of rare elements. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles for linking and geometrizing lakes. Findings. Field surveys on the geometrization and linking of lakes were carried out. From the materials obtained with the help of the drone, orthophotoplans were created (with a measurement accuracy of up to 1 centimeter), as well as a digital terrain model and a digital terrain model. A complex of analytical works was carried out using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. When analyzing the distribution graphs of the absolute content of micro-components in the waters of the lakes of the Delbegeteysky massif, it was found that all samples were enriched with sodium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium and barium. The results of the analyses revealed the predominance of sulfates and chlorides in the composition of the surface waters of most of the water bodies of the Delbegeteysky massif. At the Burabai site, lake waters are characterized by an alkaline reaction of the environment (on average = 8.71). At the same time, the salinity of water bodies varies from 05 to 9 g/dm3. Originality. Large-scale outcrops of granites of the Kalba complex (P1), with which a rare-metal type of mineralization is genetically associated, are known to be on the selected study sites. Quartz-wire-greisen and quartz-wire tin, tin-tungsten and tungsten formations are also widely developed. Considering the large geochemical migration ability of rare alkaline elements in the thickness of loose sediments as a result of intensive geodynamic processes in the East Kazakhstan region, it is possible to assume the possibility of their migration to the upper horizons and accumulation in salt lakes localized within the area of development of granite intrusions of Permian age and associated deep tectonic faults. Practical value. The results of the research can serve as a revival of the rare metal industry in the region, which will allow developing new high-tech industries and creating new jobs in this area. The obtained results can be used for setting up further exploration and operational work on the selected promising areas.

scholarly journals Evidence of multiple halogen sources in scapolites from iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits and regional Na Cl metasomatic alteration, Norrbotten County, Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 451 ◽  
pp. 90-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson F. Bernal ◽  
Sarah A. Gleeson ◽  
Martin P. Smith ◽  
Jaime D. Barnes ◽  
Yuanming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Metasomatic Alteration ◽  
Iocg Deposits ◽  
Copper Gold

MAPPING THE MINERAL ZONATION AT THE ERNEST HENRY IRON OXIDE COPPER-GOLD DEPOSIT: VECTORING TO Cu-Au MINERALIZATION USING MODAL MINERALOGY

2022 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-494
Author(s):  
Tobias U. Schlegel ◽  
Renee Birchall ◽  
Tina D. Shelton ◽  
James R. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Iocg Deposits ◽  
Mineral Mapping ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Acid Alteration

Abstract Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits form in spatial and genetic relation to hydrothermal iron oxide-alkali-calcic-hydrolytic alteration and thus show a mappable zonation of mineral assemblages toward the orebody. The mineral zonation of a breccia matrix-hosted orebody is efficiently mapped by regularly spaced samples analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy-integrated mineral analyzer technique. The method results in quantitative estimates of the mineralogy and allows the reliable recognition of characteristic alteration as well as mineralization-related mineral assemblages from detailed mineral maps. The Ernest Henry deposit is located in the Cloncurry district of Queensland and is one of Australia’s significant IOCG deposits. It is known for its association of K-feldspar altered clasts with iron oxides and chalcopyrite in the breccia matrix. Our mineral mapping approach shows that the hydrothermal alteration resulted in a characteristic zonation of minerals radiating outward from the pipe-shaped orebody. The mineral zonation is the result of a sequence of sodic alteration followed by potassic alteration, brecciation, and, finally, by hydrolytic (acid) alteration. The hydrolytic alteration primarily affected the breccia matrix and was related to economic mineralization. Alteration halos of individual minerals such as pyrite and apatite extend dozens to hundreds of meters beyond the limits of the orebody into the host rocks. Likewise, the Fe-Mg ratio in hydrothermal chlorites changes systematically with respect to their distance from the orebody. Geochemical data obtained from portable X-ray fluorescence (p-XRF) and petrophysical data acquired from a magnetic susceptibility meter and a gamma-ray spectrometer support the mineralogical data and help to accurately identify mineral halos in rocks surrounding the ore zone. Specifically, the combination of mineralogical data with multielement data such as P, Mn, As, P, and U obtained from p-XRF and positive U anomalies from radiometric measurements has potential to direct an exploration program toward higher Cu-Au grades.

Stable isotopes and fluid inclusion constraints on the fluid evolution in the Bacaba and Castanha iron oxide-copper-gold deposits, Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 103738 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luiz Silva Pestilho ◽  
Lena Virgínia Soares Monteiro ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Coelho de Melo ◽  
Carolina PenteadoNatividade Moreto ◽  
Caetano Juliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Fluid Inclusion ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Carajás Mineral Province ◽  
Fluid Evolution ◽  
Copper Gold

Fluorite as indicator mineral in iron oxide-copper-gold systems: explaining the IOCG deposit diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 119674
Author(s):  
Tobias U. Schlegel ◽  
Thomas Wagner ◽  
Tobias Fusswinkel
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Copper Gold ◽  
Iocg Deposit ◽  
Indicator Mineral
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