Population genetics and the conservation and management of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Major Floods

Molecular genetics provides data with temporal and spatial scales unavailable from other disciplines. Patterns of genetic diversity are influenced by adaptive, environmental, and stochastic factors. The rate of change in genetic markers allows investigations of diversity on temporal scales resulting from recent history (hundreds of years) to deep evolutionary time (millions of years). Cryptic spatial population structure is often revealed by molecular markers. Phylogeographic analysis of genes within populations can unite demographics with glaciation, uplift, climatic shifts, or major floods. Historically, the application of genetic markers has been largely limited to analyses of gene frequencies and patterns of diversity. The consequences of genetic rarity are controversial in relationship to endangerment or patterns of extinction. However, it is widely recognized that genes reflect a species' evolutionary past and represent the raw material underlying the diversity of biological expression throughout a species' range. DNA provides the architecture necessary for a species' adaptation and future survival. Conservation of this evolutionary legacy is important considering anthropomorphic manipulation of a species and the environment upon which it depends. In this paper I investigate evolution and genetic variation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) based on the current literature. I further discuss conservation and restoration questions using molecular markers.

Implications of temporal and spatial scale for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) research

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol L Folt ◽  
Keith H Nislow ◽  
Mary E Power
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dependent Processes

The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a model species for studying scale issues (i.e., the extent, duration, and resolution of a study or natural process) in ecology. Major shifts in behavior and habitat use over ontogeny, along with a relatively long life span and large dispersal and migration distances, make scale issues critical for effective conservation, management, and restoration of this species. The scale over which a process occurs must be linked to the research design and we illustrate this with a discussion of resource tracking by Atlantic salmon. Identifying scale inconsistencies (e.g., when a process is evident at one scale but not another) is shown to be an effective means by which some scale-dependent processes are understood. We review the literature to assess the temporal and spatial scales used in Atlantic salmon research and find most current studies appear to sacrifice spatial and temporal extent for increased resolution. Finally, we discuss research strategies for expanding the temporal and spatial scales in salmon research, such as conducting multiple scales studies to elucidate scale inconsistencies, identifying mechanisms, and using techniques and approaches to generalize across studies and over time and space.

Transferrin Polymorphism in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617-1625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dag Møller
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Wild Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Transferrin Polymorphism ◽  
Starch Agar

Three main patterns of transferrins, made up of two molecular types, were found by starch–agar electrophoresis in plasma of hatchery and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).Distributions of the observed patterns from progenies of three hatchery matings agreed with expected Mendelian distributions in offspring of known parentage, implying that the bands have their origin in two codominant alleles. In nearly all samples of the wild salmon the genetic basis of transferrin variation was demonstrated by nonsignificant differences between observed and expected distributions when the Hardy–Weinberg formula was applied.Frequencies of the TfA allele differed in samples from different rivers and within the same river; the Atlantic salmon forms genetically different populations. Interchange of stocks probably influenced the values of the different gene frequencies found.

Freshwater habitat of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Bardonnet ◽  
Jean-Luc Baglinière
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Freshwater Habitat ◽  
Geomorphological Unit ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

This perspective summarizes our knowledge of the freshwater habitat of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). The article is organized by life stage and identifies areas where more research is needed. For example, little is known of the kelt and presmolt life stages despite their importance in stock maintenance. We also believe that further investigation is required to assess the relevance of variables currently used to characterize habitat and that more attention should be focussed on adult and embryo-larva habitat requirements. We also discuss the fact that the majority of research is directed at habitat at the micro (i.e., immediate area around the fish) and macro scales (area of the geomorphological unit), while the influence of habitat at higher spatial scales should also be considered.

scholarly journals Congruence between automatic fish counter data and rod catches of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Scottish rivers

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Thorley ◽  
D.M.R. Eatherley ◽  
A.B. Stephen ◽  
I. Simpson ◽  
J.C. MacLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Counter Data

Abstract The potential utility of rod catch and automatic fish counter data as measures of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) abundance in Scottish rivers was assessed. The trend (long-term) and residual (short-term) variation in the net annual count for 12 counters were compared with the trend and residual variation in either the annual or spring (February–May) rod catch, as appropriate, for the fisheries district in which the counter is located. Trends were fitted using a cubic smoothing spline and compared using reference bands. In eight of the 12 short-term comparisons, the residuals were significantly correlated. The four incongruent short-term comparisons involved the shortest time-series (≤12 years) or lowest rod catches. In eight of the 12 long-term comparisons, the trends fell within the reference bands in 50% or more of the years. Rod catch and counter data both contain useful information about Atlantic salmon abundance, albeit on different temporal and spatial scales, which should be integrated into assessment schemes.

Context-dependent responses of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to forestry activities at multiple spatial scales within a river basin

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1069-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Deschênes ◽  
Marco A Rodríguez ◽  
Pierre Bérubé
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Juvenile Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Logging Effects ◽  
Study Sites

We used classification trees and regression trees to relate the incidence and density of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to forestry activities measured at four spatial scales (subbasin and 8, 2, and 0.5 km radii upstream of study sites) and environmental features in 120 stream reaches of the Cascapedia River basin, Québec, Canada. At all scales, incidence increased with reach size and accessibility to the reach from the river mainstem. Incidence declined with areal coverage of logging at all scales, but only in larger reaches. The time horizon over which logging effects were detected increased with spatial scale. At all scales, density in salmon-bearing reaches increased with accessibility. Density in more accessible reaches was negatively related to logging over the preceding 9 years at the subbasin and 8 km scales, but no effects of logging on density were detected at the 2 and 0.5 km scales. Overall, apparent effects of logging activities on salmon incidence and density were mostly negative and strong, but were both markedly scale-dependent and conditional on environmental context.

Process yield, colour and sensory quality of smoked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in relation to raw material characteristics

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Bencze Rørå ◽  
Audil Kvåle ◽  
Turid Mørkøre ◽  
Kjell-Arne Rørvik ◽  
Svein Hallbjoørn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Process Yield ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Material Characteristics ◽  
Yield Colour
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