Carbon sequestration potential of cropland reforestation on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Li ◽  
Yapeng Chang ◽  
Xiaofei Li ◽  
Xuewei Qiao ◽  
Qinghui Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Tianshan Mountains ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
The North ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Abandoned Cropland

The effect of land-use changes on soil carbon stocks has been an increasing concern in the context of global climate change. Through natural reforestation programs, abandoned cropland holds the potential of sequestering soil organic carbon (SOC) if the original forest could be recovered. In this study, we initially delineated the potential distribution of forest species on the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains using species distribution models. We then estimated the corresponding sequestration potential of SOC in the area delineated for reforestation. The deforestated area of a Picea schrenkiana forest converted to cropland (PSC) was defined by the potential and actual distributions of forest and cropland. The SOC contents of the forest and cropland soils were obtained through field sampling and laboratory analysis. We found that the area of the PSC was 26.77 × 105 ha, and the SOC loss (per unit area) derived from the conversion of forestland to cropland was 171.70 ± 28.20 Mg ha−1. The total SOC loss from the study area was 459.70 ± 75.49 Tg. This result implies that continuing the reforestation programs being implemented in the study area would increase SOC by the same amount. Additionally, we also estimated the total amount of carbon that would be sequestered in the aboveground and underground forest biomass on former cropland.

scholarly journals Revisiting the limnology of Lake Río Cuarto, Costa Rica, thirty-five years later

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Gerardo Umaña-Villalobos ◽  
Aldo Farah-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Oxygen Conductivity ◽  
The North

Lake Río Cuarto is a meromictic lake at low elevation in the North of Costa Rica. It offers an opportunity to compare its present state with the condition it had when first studied in the late 1970’s and occasional samplings since then. This comparison expects to identify changes that could be attributed to incipient effects of global climate change. We studied the limnology and conditions of its drainage area for three years (2013-2016) to compare with previous data. Vertical profiles of temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, chlorophyll a, dissolved H2S were performed several times per year, for a total of 22 samplings. Aerial photographs taken since 1950 were analyzed to describe land use changes. The lake had a shallow Secchi depth (< 5 m) at all times. It was stratified on all occasions, with a thermocline that fluctuated between 10 and 20 m. It has a monimolimnion, with a chemocline at 14 to 22 m. Below the chemocline it was always anoxic, and during annual partial mixing events in the mixolimnion, oxygen levels decreased compared to stratified periods. There was a continuous presence of H2S from 20 m downwards, with annual fluctuations, being lower during partial mixing events. A peak in chlorophyll was detected on all occasions just below the thermocline. Land use around the lake hasn’t changed much since 1952, when only a rim of tree cover was left around the steep margins of the lake. The lake has maintained its limnological characteristics, with the only exception that it didn’t cooled down to historical levels. This limited response could be the result of the high relative depth and steep margins of the lake, which prevent the downward distribution of heat and keeps the lake in a meromictic state, preventing its mixing for long periods of time.

Carbon stocks in the Oak and Pine Forests in Salyan District, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Prasad Shrestha ◽  
B. P. Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Basic Step ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks

Forests play an important role in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Broadleaf Forests absorb more carbon as compared to the Pine Forests. Quantification of carbon in any vegetation and soil type is a basic step for evaluating the carbon sequestration potential of an ecosystem. To quantify the vegetation and soil carbon stocks in Oak and Pine Forests, above and below-ground biomass of both forests were estimated using stratified random sampling. Individual trees in the sample plots of both forest types were measured. Above-ground biomass of trees and saplings were estimated by using different models, while the biomass of grass, herb and litter were calculated directly from field measurements. To determine the soil carbon stock, soil samples from three depth levels (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm) of each soil profile were collected for each sample plot laid out in both forest types. Total vegetation carbon stocks in Oak and Pine Forests were 90.37 and 24.82 Mg C ha-1, respectively. Similarly, the soil carbon stocks in the Oak and Pine Forests were 60.82 and 46.12 Mg C ha-1, respectively.Banko Janakari, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2013

The Comparison of turbulent fluxes between a marsh wetland and a lake ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Du ◽  
huizhi Liu ◽  
yang Liu ◽  
lujun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Erhai Lake ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential

&lt;p&gt;Wetlands are &amp;#8220;hot spot&amp;#8221; area of global climate change, which are obviously sensitive to climate change. Under climate change, the carbon sequestration potential and carbon balance over wetland ecosystems are greatly altered, and large uncertainties are still existed in carbon budgets over these areas. Tengchong Beihai wetland is the only highland &amp;#8220;floating blanket&amp;#8221; lake wetland which is located in Southwest of China. As this land surface is composed by both water and terrestrial land surface, it&amp;#8217;s doubted whether this type of wetland behaves more like lake or the latter one. Based on one year continuous observation measured with eddy covariance technique over Beihai wetland and Erhai Lake in 2016, the patterns of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux and energy fluxes over Tengchong wetland and Erhai lake are analyzed. The results show the diurnal variation of H and LE are both similar to Rn, which is different with Erhai lake. Erhai lake has a higher evaporation rate even in nighttime, which is much larger than Beihai wetland, due to the &amp;#8220;floating blanket&amp;#8221; vegetation could obviously reduce the evaporation rate. Beihai wetland acts as CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; sink for the most time of the year, with an annual CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux of -202.2 g C m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;, while Erhai Lake acted as CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; source with an annual CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux of 143.7 g C m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;. The results indicate the carbon and water exchange process in Beihai wetland behaves more like vegetated land surface.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Soil Organic Carbon (soc): A Proxy to Assess the Degree of Anthropogenic and Natural Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Joystu Dutta ◽  
Kakoli Banerjee ◽  
Sangita Agarwal ◽  
Abhijit Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
The North ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Significant Spatial Variation ◽  
The Sundarbans

The carbon budget of planet earth is regulated by the soil compartment in all types of ecosystems. We conducted a first order analysis of soc in November 2017 both in the mangrove dominated Indian Sundarbans and the highly urbanized city of Kolkata with the aim of identifying the natural and anthropogenic contributions of organic carbon in soil. We also attempted to analyze the spatial variation of soc between these two significantly different ecosystems. We observed a comparatively higher mean value of soc in Kolkata (2.06%) than in the Sundarbans (1.25%). The significant spatial variation in soc between Kolkata and the Sundarbans (p < 0.05) may be attributed to anthropogenic stress, which is of greater magnitude in the city of Kolkata. The significant spatial variation in soc between north and south Kolkata (p < 0.05) is due to the efficiency of the drainage system in the north and the magnitude of city limit expansion in the south. In the Sundarban deltaic complex, a natural phenomenon like erosion seems to be a determining factor in the domain of soil carbon dynamics. soc analyses of all major metropolises around the world, of which Kolkata is one, are essential to understand the carbon sequestration potential of urban soils.

scholarly journals An introduction to the distribution of carbon stocks in temperate broadleaf forests of northern Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Mohadeseh Ghanbari Motlagh ◽  
Sasan Babaie Kafaky ◽  
Asadollah Mataji ◽  
Reza Akhavan ◽  
Behzad Amraei
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Soil Carbon Stocks ◽  
Organic Carbon Stock ◽  
Non Destructive

Northern forests of Iran are among the most important plant communities in Iran due to their dynamic and diverse vegetation composition and fertile soils. There is little information about carbon stocks of these forests. In the present study, above- and belowground carbon stocks of trees, litter, herbs and soil organic carbon stock at three selected sites of these forests were calculated using random plots and non-destructive sampling. The FAO method was used for carbon estimation of trees and Walkley-Black method was used for soil carbon stock and carbon coefficient was estimated directly. The results showed that both the tree carbon stocks and soil carbon stocks increased from east to west with increasing altitude, showing significant differences. The results also indicate that these forests have a high carbon sequestration potential as a green belt across the northern slopes of the Alborz Mountains, when the contribution of the aboveground section was greater than that  of the belowground section (soil and roots) at all sites.

scholarly journals REDD+ as a tool for state territorialization: managing forests and people in Laos

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabaheta Ramcilovik-Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
The North ◽  
Sequestration Potential

<p>This article analyzes the Reduction of Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) policy process, through the lens of state territorialization in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos). It explores the motivations, mechanisms and strategies that drive REDD+ policy design and its implementation in the country. The provinces selected for REDD+ activities within the Emission Reduction (ER) Program, as well as the various REDD+ pilot projects are located in the north, where shifting cultivation is widespread, but where the potential for REDD+ to address deforestation and carbon sequestration is not optimal. The provinces with high carbon sequestration potential and high rates of deforestation are not part of the ER Program due to development investment projects and political sensitivity in those areas. REDD+ acts as a tool for state territorialization in a number of ways, including: (i) by targeting the areas where shifting cultivation is widely practiced, aiming to regulate village forest uses and users, (ii) by protecting state political, economic and development goals and strategies, by leaving the profitable large-scale drivers of deforestation unaddressed, including large-scale land investments, hydropower, infrastructure and mining development, and finally (iii) by providing additional motives, tools and discourses for state territorialization, including funding, technologies and the narratives that support it. I highlight, however, that REDD+ is not the sole reason for state territorial politics and practices. Rather, the instrument is layered over previous histories of colonial and post-colonial territorialization processes, continuing a similar logic, rhetoric and management practices. The REDD+ design and its technical orientation, however, appear to provide additional motives, as well as a new pool of resources, technical assistance and modern technologies that intensify the practice and politics of state territoriality in Laos.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Laos, REDD+, state territorialization,<strong> </strong>forest politics, drivers of deforestation</p>

scholarly journals A review on the role of soil microbial biomass in eco-restoration of degraded ecosystem with special reference to mining areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Dwivedi ◽  
Prafulla Soni
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Degraded Ecosystem

Soil microbial biomass constitutes a transformation matrix for all the natural organic material in the soil and acts as labile reservoir of plant available nutrients. In general plants serve as carbon source for the microbial community and in turn microbes provide nutrients for growth through mineralization of plant and animal residues, and organic matter, thus soil microbial biomass is a significant parameter to draw an inference about the soil health. Biodiversity of visible plants and animals has received a greater attention than the meso or micro level organisms. Information about soil microbial biomass can help to quantify the extant of degradation and may help to provide the effective methodology for the restoration in the degraded terrestrial ecosystems. As the changing global climate has been one of the major environmental challenges facing the world today, there is an increasing need to restore the degraded ecosystem, increase their productivity, to increase the carbon sequestration potential of such areas and to make them suitable for the sustainable forestry purposes. This review provides the importance of soil microbial biomass in the derelict mined ecosystems and suggests that an increase in microbial biomass in the soil may enhance the soil fertility, and provide an effective substrate for the nutrient mineralization.

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