THE EFFECT OF SODIUM SULPHATE ON THE ABSORPTION OF ACID DYES BY WOOL

1950 ◽  
Vol 28f (7) ◽  
pp. 238-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Benson ◽  
P. Larose
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Salt Effect ◽  
Simple Relation ◽  
Acid Strength ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Orange Ii ◽  
Acid Dyes

The sorption of the dye Orange II by wool has been determined at the boiling point in the presence of various concentrations of sulphuric acid and of sodium sulphate within the range usually found in practice. Some experiments were also carried out with hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. It is shown that the results for any one acid and salt concentration can be represented by a simple relation which has the same form for all results. Although this relation has the form of an adsorption isotherm, it remains purely empirical at present. The salt effect is readily explained on the basis of the Donnan equilibrium. The effect of acid strength is to fix the saturation value for the dye.

Salt effect in hydrolysis of 3-acyl-1,3-diphenyltriazenes

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 3104-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Ludwig ◽  
Oldřich Pytela ◽  
Miroslav Večeřa
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Salt Effect ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Lithium Sulphate ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Rate constants of non-catalyzed hydrolysis of 3-acetyl-1,3-diphenyltriazene (I) and 3-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-1,3-diphenyltriazene (II) have been measured in the presence of salts (ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, lithium chloride, sodium chloride and bromide, ammonium sulphate, potassium sulphate, lithium sulphate, sodium sulphate and zinc sulphate) within broad concentration ranges. Temperature dependence of the hydrolysis of the substrates studied has been measured in the presence of lithium sulphate within temperature range 20° to 55 °C. The results obtained have been interpreted by mechanisms of hydrolysis of the studied substances.

THE SORPTION OF ACIDS BY WOOL

1949 ◽  
Vol 27b (12) ◽  
pp. 879-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Donovan ◽  
P. Larose
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Recent Application ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Isotherm Equation ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption

The amount of acid sorbed by wool from solutions of sulphuric acid of four different strengths (namely, 0.0505, 0.0339, 0.0182, and 0.0101 molar) and containing sodium sulphate in amounts varying up to 0.16 molar has been determined. It has been found that the presence of the salt has little effect on the quantity of acid sorbed within those limits. The results are analyzed in the light of the theory of Gilbert and Rideal but this theory fails to give a satisfactory explanation of the results obtained. It is possible, however, to explain the results of the authors' experiments on the basis of the recent application of the Donnan equilibrium by Peters and Speakman. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation has been applied to data on the absorption of hydrochloric acid and of sulphuric acid by wool. The data appear to fit the Langmuir equation and give, for the maximum combining capacity, values that agree well with those estimated in other ways.

DETERMINATION OF TRACE AMOUNTS OF SILVER IN GALENA ORES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1488-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Bounsall ◽  
W. A. E. McBryde
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Silver Content ◽  
Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution ◽  
Aqueous Sodium

An analytical method is described for the determination of microgram amounts of silver in galena ores, based on the "reversion" of silver dithizonate. Silver is separated from relatively large amounts of lead by extraction as dithizonate into chloroform from an aqueous 1:99 nitric acid solution. Separation from mercury, which is also extracted under these conditions and would, if present, interfere in the analysis, is achieved by reverting the dithizonate solution with a 5% aqueous sodium chloride solution which is also 0.015 molar in hydrochloric acid. Following dilution of this aqueous solution and adjustment of pH, silver is again extracted into chloroform as the dithizonate, and determined absorptiometrically. Analyses of a number of galena ore samples showed a precision of within 3% for a silver content ranging from 0.03 to 0.4%.Some other methods for isolating silver from these samples, which were tried but found unsatisfactory, are discussed.

TURBIDITY OF SUSPENSIONS AND MORPHOLOGY OF RED HALOPHILIC BACTERIA AS INFLUENCED BY SODIUM CHLORIDE CONCENTRATION

1960 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinah Abram ◽  
N. E. Gibbons
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Halophilic Bacteria ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Abrupt Decrease ◽  
High Sodium ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall

The optical densities of suspensions of cells of Halobacterium cutirubrum, H. halobium, or H. salinarium, grown in media containing 4.5 M sodium chloride, increase as the salt concentration of the suspending medium decreases, until a maximum is reached at about 2 M; below this concentration there is an abrupt decrease in optical density. The cells are rod shaped in 4.5 M salt and change, as the salt concentration decreases, through irregular transition forms to spheres; equal numbers of transition forms and spheres are present at the point of maximum turbidity, while spheres predominate at lower salt concentrations. Cells suspended in 3.0 M salt, although slightly swollen, are viable, but viability decreases rapidly with the more drastic changes in morphology at lower salt concentrations. Cells grown in the presence of iron are more resistant to morphological changes but follow the same sequence. Cells "fixed" with formaldehyde, at any point in the sequence, act as osmometers and do not rupture in distilled water although their volume increases 10–14 times. The results indicate that the red halophilic rods require a high sodium chloride content in their growth or suspending medium to maintain a rigid cell wall structure.

Anti-Corrosive Effect of Jordanian-Bay- Leaves Aqueous Extract on Mild Steel in 1.0 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 614-618
Author(s):  
Nawal H. Bahtiti ◽  
Ibrahim Abdel-Rahaman
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Polarization Technique ◽  
Corrosive Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Inhibitors ◽  
Temkin Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Hcl Solution

Natural inhibitors are the most crucial manner to lessen the corrosion price of various business metals. There are several strategies being used with corrosion inhibitors. One technique being used is the Electrochemical strategies. The gain with this technique is their brief size time and mechanistic information. It is beneficial in the corrosion's layout safety techniques besides the layout of the brand new inhibitors, there are 3 styles of corrosion inhibitors as anodic inhibitors, cathodic inhibitors, over one inhibitor. The corrosion inhibition of slight metallic in 1.0 M HCl solution with the aid of using Jordanian -Bay- leaves extract has been studied with the use of potentiodynamic polarization technique. Results received a display that Bay- leaves aqueous extract behaves as an anodic inhibitor for slight metallic in 1.0 M HCl solution. The inhibitor capabilities thru adsorption following Temkin adsorption isotherm. The impact of parameters like temperature and inhibitor awareness at the corrosion of slight metallic has additionally been studied.

VIII.—The Stability of Suspensions. I. The Rate of Sedimentation of Kaolin Suspensions by Salts at Varying Hydrogen Ion Concentrations

1926 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ogilvy Kermack ◽  
William Turner Horace Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Calcium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Rate Of Sedimentation ◽  
The Stability

Summary1. The rates of sedimentation of a kaolin suspension in presence of varying concentrations of a salt (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulphate, di-sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium citrate, calcium chloride, calcium sulphate, monocalcium phosphate, “superphosphate”, aluminium chloride, ferric chloride or lanthanum chloride) have been compared at various pH values. Abnormal results are obtained with sodium chloride, monocalcium phosphate, aluminium, ferric and lanthanum chlorides.2. Sodium chloride increases the rate of sedimentation in alkaline solution, but actually inhibits it in acid solution.3. In concentrations of monocalcium phosphate above 0·06 per cent, abnormal sedimentation in alkaline solution takes place, with the result that it is much more complete than at the corresponding concentrations in acid solution.4. In acid solution the tervalent ions, aluminium, ferric and lanthanum have little effect, but a zone of very marked flocculation occurs at pH 7–8. This zone separates a region within which the unsedimented particles are negatively charged from a region within which they are positively charged.

Continuous dialysis of hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride mixture

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (16) ◽  
pp. 2611-2621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Palatý ◽  
Helena Bendová
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid

scholarly journals Electrochemical and Surface Morphological Studies of Carbon Steel Corrosion by a Novel Polynuclear Schiff Base in HCl Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Shaju ◽  
K. Joby Thomas ◽  
Vinod P. Raphael ◽  
Aby Paul
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Solution ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Morphological Studies

The corrosion inhibition efficiency of a potential polynuclear Schiff base, (s)-2-(anthracene-9 (10H)-ylidene amino)-5-guanidinopentanoic acid (A9Y5GPA), on carbon steel (CS) in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution has been investigated using weight loss measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization studies. The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of parent amine [(s)-2-amino-5-guanidinopentanoic acid] and parent ketone (anthracene-9 (10H)-one) on carbon steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid solution have also been investigated using weight loss studies. The electrochemical and weight loss data established that the inhibition efficiency on CS increases with the increase in the concentration of inhibitor, A9Y5GPA. The adsorption of A9Y5GPA obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters (Kads, ΔGads0) were calculated using the adsorption isotherm. Activation parameters of the corrosion process (Ea, ΔH* and ΔS*) were also calculated from the corrosion rates obtained from temperature studies. Tafel plot analysis revealed that A9Y5GPA acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. A probable inhibition mechanism was also proposed. Surface morphology of the carbon steel specimens in the presence and absence of the inhibitor was evaluated by SEM analysis.

Response of Bean Plants to Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulphate Salinization12

1971 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MEIRI ◽  
JOSEPHINE KAMBUROFF ◽  
ALEXANDRA POLJAKOFF-MAYBER
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Bean Plants
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