ON THE ANATOMY OF GRYLLOBLATTA CAMPODEIFORMIS WALKER: 5. THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION

1949 ◽  
Vol 27d (6) ◽  
pp. 309-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive Organs

The digestive organs of Grylloblatta resemble those of the orthopteran suborder Ensifera but differ strikingly in the cuticle and epithelium lining the proventriculus, in which there are 12 similar longitudinal divisions characterized by rows of flexible, backwardly directed lamellae, in place of the six divisions of the Ensifera armed with columns of complex sclerotized teeth. The proventricular collum is much longer than in any of the Ensifera; the two gastric caeca of the latter are represented by a single bilobed sac; the malpighian vessels are fewer than 30 and are simply arranged; and the salivary glands are very compact, appearing like a single organ.As a main conclusion to this and the previous papers of this series the following views are advanced:(1) The Grylloblattaria, although cursorial, are the nearest relatives of the Ensifera, but differ from the latter group too widely to be included within it.(2) The saltatorial habit has been independently evolved in the Ensifera and Caelifera.A summary is given of the main views on the function of the proventriculus in mandibulate insects, particularly the orthopteroid forms. The proventriculus of Grylloblatta is believed to serve as a regulatory valve and also possibly as a propulsive organ for the movement of food along the digestive tract.

Differentiation of allantoic endoderm implanted into the presumptive digestive area in avian embryos. A study with organ-specific antigens

Development ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-153
Author(s):  
Sadao Yasugi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Avian Embryos ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Specific Antigens

Quail allantoic endoderm was implanted into the presumptive digestive-tract area of chick embryos, and the differentiation of the endoderm was examined morphologically and immunocytochemically with antisera against pepsinogens and sucrase. The allantoic endoderm was incorporated into the host digestive organs. It often became continuous with the host endoderm and formed a chimaeric digestive-tract epithelium. It differentiated morphologically into the epithelium of the digestive organ into which it was incorporated, showing the morphological inductive ability in situ of the digestive-tract mesenchyme against the allantoic endoderm. However, the allantoic endoderm did not produce pepsinogens even when it was incorporated into the host proventricular mesenchyme and formed well-developed proventricular glands. This result indicates that the heterotypic morphogenesis of the allantoic endoderm is not necessarily accompanied by the heterotypic cytodifferentiation. In contrast, the anti-sucrase antiserum-reactive cells often differentiated in the allantoic endoderm incorporated into not only the intestine but also other organs. This confirmed our previous observation that the allantoic endoderm has a tendency to differentiate into the intestinal epithelium in the heterologous environment.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON DIGESTIVE ORGANS OF TWO SEA TURTLES, Chelonia mydas L. and Eretmochelys imbricata L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
I Nyoman S. Nuitja ◽  
Silvia Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Eretmochelys Imbricata ◽  
Digestive Organs

The digestive organs of two sea turdes, Chelonia mydas L. and Eretmochelys imbicata L. with purpose to analyse the digestive tract and other organs, also to preform their weight were carapace length relation skimp. The specimens of the two species were obtained from slaughtered houses in Benoa Bay, South Bali.

scholarly journals Histochemical localisation of carbonic anhydrase in the digestive tract and salivary glands of the house cricket, Acheta domesticus

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
E. Thorsson ◽  
A. Jansson ◽  
M. Vaga ◽  
L. Holm
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Main Cell ◽  
Cellular Localisation ◽  
Luminal Ph

The house cricket (Acheta domesticus) is one of several cricket species with great potential to be farmed as a sustainable protein source. In order to succeed in large-scale cricket farming, knowledge of cricket digestion is essential. The digestive tract morphology of A. domesticus is well documented, but knowledge of the salivary glands is lacking. In the digestive tract of insects, the carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme family is believed to contribute to the luminal pH gradient. Presence of CA in the digestive tract of A. domesticus has been reported, but not the cellular localisation. This study examined the digestive tract of A. domesticus, including salivary glands, and the cellular localisation and activity of CA in fed or starved (48 h) males and females. Tissues were collected from third-generation offspring of wild A. domesticus captured in Sweden and the histology of the salivary glands and the cellular localisation of CA in the digestive tract of A. domesticus were determined, to our knowledge for the first time. The salivary glands resembled those of grasshoppers and locusts, and we suggest the two main cell types present to be parietal and zymogenic cells. Histochemical analysis revealed that CA activity was localised in midgut epithelium, both main cell types of salivary gland, and muscle along the entire digestive tract. These findings support the suggestion that CA contributes to digestive tract luminal pH gradient, by driving acidic secretions from the salivary glands and alkaline secretions from the midgut. Starvation resulted in significantly reduced body size and weight, but neither starvation nor sex had any effect on CA activity or localisation.

Development of digestive organs and feeding ability in larvae of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahide Kurokawa ◽  
Hirohiko Kagawa ◽  
Hiromi Ohta ◽  
Hideki Tanaka ◽  
Koichi Okuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Anguilla Japonica ◽  
Japanese Eel ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
First Feeding

As part of a study on the early life of Japanese eel, the development of the digestive organs was observed during the 13 d after hatching. The digestive tract was formed only at the pharynx at hatching; the posterior part of the duct differentiated during 1 d posthatch (DPH). Pancreas and liver started to develop at 3 DPH. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody to eel trypsinogen showed weak signals first appearing in the pancreas at 6 DPH, suggesting that the eel pancreas starts to synthesize digestive enzymes at 6 DPH. The immunohistochemical signals became strong at 7 DPH, at which time the mouth opening orientation moved from ventral to anterior, the intestine differentiated into small intestine and rectum and the yolk was absorbed. Rotifers were first observed in the digestive tract of 13-d-old larvae. We inferred from the developmental process of the digestive organs that the larvae can start feeding at 7 DPH, which is earlier than observations of first feeding.

Les osidases digestives de l'escargot Helix aspersa: localisations et variations en fonction de l'état nutritionnel

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2234-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryvonne Charrier ◽  
Corinne Rouland
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Helix Aspersa ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Synergistic Activity

Osidases were studied in brown garden snails, Helix aspersa Müller, fed or starved for 4 or 7 weeks. The digestive tract was divided into seven regions: oesophagus, crop, stomach, intestine, rectum, salivary glands, and digestive gland. The results revealed the presence of a large number of enzymes that attack alimentary carbohydrates. However, α-heterosides and starch were poorly hydrolysed, and amylase was not derived from saliva. Enzymatic secretions continued in snails subjected to 7 weeks of starvation and accumulated in the stomach, while these enzymes were active mainly in the oesophagus and the crop during nutrition. Several hypotheses are presented, including that the most active enzymes, mannanases and cellulases, may be secreted both by the salivary glands and by the digestive gland. A similar distribution is postulated for two oligosaccharidases, maltase and saccharase. Since a bacterial flora exists in the digestive tract, we also consider the possibility of a synergistic activity between osidases from the snail and those originating from the microflora.

scholarly journals Morphohistology and histopathology of the digestive organs of the deep-water fish greater forkbeard, Phycis blennoides

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakia Alioua ◽  
Soumia Amira ◽  
Nesrine Semiane ◽  
Fatiha Zerouali-Khodja
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to report on an examination of the digestive organs in the deep-water fish Phycis blennoides (Brünnich) from Algerian coastal waters. A total of 1,019 specimens (5.7–62.7 cm in total length) obtained from commercial fisheries were examined between December 2013 and May 2017. The anatomical study was conducted using morphometric measurements of different sections of the digestive tract of P. blennoides. The histological features of the digestive tract were examined in the esophagus, stomach, intestine, and pyloric cecum. They were compatible with carnivorous feeding behavior and confirmed by a low intestinal quotient (IQ = 0.72 ± 0.13). The histopathological assessment highlighted the hepatic steatosis and parasitic infestation in its intestine from Anisakis simplex, which also occurs in Algerian coastal waters. According to our knowledge, this paper reports for the first time the morphohistological analysis of the digestive tract of a Phycidae species in Africa and provides the first histopathological assessment of the digestive organs of the greater forkbeard in the southwestern Mediterranean Sea.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumors 1 in Normal Human Tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 377-387
Author(s):  
Anders Bathum Nexoe ◽  
Andreas Arnholdt Pedersen ◽  
Sebastian von Huth ◽  
Sönke Detlefsen ◽  
Pernille Lund Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Normal Human

Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is part of the innate immune system and is expressed on mucosal surfaces in various tissues throughout the human body. However, to date, the localization of DMBT1 has not been investigated systematically and comprehensively in normal human tissues. In this study, we analyzed the mRNA expression of DMBT1 in human tissue by quantitative real-time PCR and examined its localization and distribution in the tissue by immunohistochemical staining using the monoclonal DMBT1 antibody HYB213-6. Anti-ovalbumin was used as an isotype control. The highest level of mRNA expression of DMBT1 was found in the small intestine, and the expression level was high throughout the luminal digestive tract. The expression of DMBT1 was especially high in the luminal digestive tract and salivary glands. The lowest expression level was found in the spleen. Immunohistochemical staining showed a high expression level of DMBT1 on mucosal surfaces throughout the body. There was a clear correlation between the mRNA expression and immunohistochemical expression of DMBT1 in the tissue. DMBT1 is strongly expressed on mucosal surfaces and in salivary glands

Leptomonas serpens n.sp., parasitic in the digestive tract and salivary glands of Nezara viridula (Pentatomidae) and in the sap of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and other plants

Parasitology ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred J. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Nezara Viridula ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Plant Host

A leptomonad parasite was found in the sap of the tomato and in one unidentified plant, but it has not yet been seen in several others on which the insect feeds.Interesting characteristics of this Leptomonas are (a) its extreme polymorphism, (b) the development of metacyclic forms in the salivary glands of its insect host, and (c) its alternation between insect and plant host.

scholarly journals The Anatomy and Ultrastructure of the Digestive Tract and Salivary Glands of Hishimonus lamellatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizhen Dai ◽  
Baodong Yang ◽  
Jinzhong Wang ◽  
Zhiyong Zhang ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Midgut Epithelium ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Basal Region ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Luminal Membrane

AbstractIn recent years, we found that Hishimonus lamellatus Cai et Kuoh is a potential vector of jujube witches’-broom phytoplasma. However, little is known about the anatomy and histology of this leafhopper. Here, we examined histology and ultrastructure of the digestive system of H. lamellatus, both by dissecting and by semi- and ultrathin sectioning techniques. We found that the H. lamellatus digestive tract consists of an esophagus, a filter chamber, a conical midgut and midgut loop, Malpighian tubules, an ileum, and a rectum. Furthermore, both the basal region of the filter chamber epithelium and the apical surface of the midgut epithelium have developed microvilli. We also identify the perimicrovillar membrane, which ensheaths the microvilli of midgut loop enterocyte, and the flame-like luminal membrane, which covers the microvilli of the conical midgut epithelium. In addition, H. lamellatus has the principal and accessory salivary glands. Our observations also showed that the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and secretory granules were all highly abundant in the secretory cells of the principal salivary glands, while the accessory glands consist of only one ovate or elbow-like acinus. We also briefly contrast the structure of the gut of H. lamellatus with those of other leafhopper species. These results intend to offer help for the future study on the histological and subcellular levels of phytopathogen–leafhopper relationships, including transmission barriers and the binding sites of pathogens and other microorganisms within their leafhopper vectors.

scholarly journals Distribution and Rate of Movement of the Curtovirus Beet mild curly top virus (Family Geminiviridae) in the Beet Leafhopper

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria J. Soto ◽  
Robert L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Beet Leafhopper ◽  
Beet Curly Top Virus ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Rate Of Movement

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the detection of the curtovirus Beet mild curly top virus (BMCTV, previously named the Worland strain of Beet curly top virus) was developed and used to investigate the BMCTV-beet leafhopper interaction. Using PCR and a BMCTV-specific primer pair, an ≈1.1-kb BMCTV DNA fragment was amplified from adult leafhoppers and from the organs involved in circulative transmission: the digestive tract, hemolymph, and salivary glands. The temporal distribution of BMCTV in the leafhopper was determined using insects given acquisition access periods (AAPs) ranging from 1 to 48 h on BMCTV-infected shepherd's purse plants. BMCTV was detected in the digestive tract after all AAPs, in the hemolymph after AAPs of 3 h or greater, and in the salivary glands after AAPs of 4 h or greater. The amount of virus detected in the hemolymph and salivary glands increased with AAP length. The virus persisted for up to 30 days in leafhoppers (given a 3-day AAP on BMCTV-infected plants) maintained on corn plants, a nonhost for BMCTV, but transovarial transmission was not detected. These results are consistent with a persistent but nonpropagative mode of circulative transmission.

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