THE FLOW OF GASES AND VAPORS THROUGH ADSORBING POROUS MEDIA

1948 ◽  
Vol 26b (1) ◽  
pp. 38-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Tomlinson ◽  
E. A. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Ethyl Chloride ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Gaseous Flow ◽  
Pass Through

The flow rates of gases and vapors through highly activated charcoal rods have been measured. The results obtained indicate that a new phenomenon has been discovered. While the flow rates of gases that are not highly adsorbed can be satisfactorily correlated by the Adzumi equation and other equations of similar mathematical form, it has been found that the strongly adsorbed vapors of diethyl ether and ethyl chloride pass through the charcoal rods at rates considerably m excess of those required by known equations. To explain the results it appears necessary to resort to mechanisms quite outside of those usually considered in the application of kinetic theory to problems associated with passage of gas through porous diaphragms. The simplest and most direct of such mechanisms involves mobility of the adsorbed material. It is particularly striking that the flow rate of diethyl ether through activated charcoal rods has been found to be greater than that of helium in pressure regions where relative rates of flow of gases through non-adsorbing porous diaphragms are dominated by inverse square root molecular weight ratios. The measurement of gaseous flow rates through porous media are rendered the more difficult where appreciable adsorption occurs. The experimental methods are described in detail, sources of error are discussed, and results presented for the gases helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, diethyl ether, and ethyl chloride.

THE FLOW OF GASES AND VAPOURS THROUGH POROUS MEDIA

1946 ◽  
Vol 24b (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hodgins ◽  
E. A. Flood ◽  
J. R. Dacey
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Poiseuille Flow ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Ethyl Bromide ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Sintered Glass ◽  
Critical Regions ◽  
Permanent Gases

A study has been made of the flow of permanent gases (helium, hydrogen, nitrogen) and condensable vapours (diethyl ether and ethyl bromide) through a sintered glass plug. The permanent gases are transferred by a combination of Knudsen and Poiseuille flow, while the flow of condensable vapours diverges from these equations in such a fashion as to suggest surface transfer.The flow rates of the condensable vapours begin to fall off at about 50% of the saturation pressures. Hysteresis effects are also observed in this region. It is suggested that these phenomena are caused by the condensation of small amounts of vapour in critical regions of the glass structure.

scholarly journals Changes in quality parameters of vodka filtered through activated charcoal

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 474-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Siříšťová ◽  
Š. Přinosilová ◽  
K. Riddellová ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
K. Melzoch
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Filtration Device

The production technology of high-quality vodka used in Russia involves filtration through activated charcoal. To approach the quality of renowned Russian vodka, one prominent Czech spirit-producing company installed on its production premises a filtration device including a charcoal column, and launched test runs during which different filtration conditions were tested. Samples collected during the test runs were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS with the aim to compare their composition; sensory analysis was an integral part of the evaluation. The results documented a positive effect of charcoal filtration on the quality of produced vodka, which was not reduced when higher flow rates were applied.  

Study on the effect of pore-scale heterogeneity and flow rate during repetitive two-phase fluid flow in microfluidic porous media

2021 ◽  
pp. petgeo2020-062
Author(s):  
Jingtao Zhang ◽  
Haipeng Zhang ◽  
Donghee Lee ◽  
Sangjin Ryu ◽  
Seunghee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Residual Saturation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lower Flow ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Lower Flow Rate

Various energy recovery, storage, conversion, and environmental operations may involve repetitive fluid injection and, thus, cyclic drainage-imbibition processes. We conducted an experimental study for which polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based micromodels were fabricated with three different levels of pore-space heterogeneity (coefficient of variation, where COV = 0, 0.25, and 0.5) to represent consolidated and/or partially consolidated sandstones. A total of ten injection-withdrawal cycles were applied to each micromodel at two different flow rates (0.01 and 0.1 mL/min). The experimental results were analyzed in terms of flow morphology, sweep efficiency, residual saturation, the connection of fluids, and the pressure gradient. The pattern of the invasion and displacement of nonwetting fluid converged more readily in the homogeneous model (COV = 0) as the repetitive drainage-imbibition process continued. The overall sweep efficiency converged between 0.4 and 0.6 at all tested flow rates, regardless of different flow rates and COV in this study. In contrast, the effective sweep efficiency was observed to increase with higher COV at the lower flow rate, while that trend became the opposite at the higher flow rate. Similarly, the residual saturation of the nonwetting fluid was largest at COV = 0 for the lower flow rate, but it was the opposite for the higher flow rate case. However, the Minkowski functionals for the boundary length and connectedness of the nonwetting fluid remained quite constant during repetitive fluid flow. Implications of the study results for porous media-compressed air energy storage (PM-CAES) are discussed as a complementary analysis at the end of this manuscript.Supplementary material: Figures S1 and S2 https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5276814.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Energy Geoscience Series collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/energy-geoscience-series

scholarly journals Spray Drop Size and Velocity Measurements in a Swirl-Stabilized Combustor

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Chehroudi ◽  
M. Ghaffarpour
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Fuel Droplets ◽  
Radial Profiles ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Yellow Region ◽  
Hollow Cone Spray

A pressure-swirl fuel nozzle generating a hollow-cone spray with nominal cone angle of 30 degrees is used in a swirl-stabilized combustor. The combustor is circular in cross section with swirl plate and fuel nozzle axes aligned and coinciding with the axis of the chamber. Kerosene is injected upward inside the chamber from the fuel nozzle. Separate swirl and dilution air flows are uniformly distributed into the chamber that pass through the honey comb flow straighteners and screens. Calculated swirl number of 1.5 is generated with the design swirl plate exit air velocity of 30 degrees with respect to the chamber axis. Effects of swirl and dilution air flow rates on the shape and stability of the flame are investigated. Stable and classical liquid fuel sheet disintegration zone exists close to the nozzle with no visible light followed by a luminous blue region and a mixed blue/yellow region that subsequently turns into yellow for most of the part in the flame. A Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) is used to measure drop size, mean and rms axial velocity for two cases of with and without combustion at six different axial locations from the nozzle. For the no-combustion case all air and fuel flow rates were kept at the same values as the combusting spray condition. Results for mean axial drop velocity profiles indicate widening of the spray due to combustion while the magnitudes of the peak velocities are slightly increased. No measurements inside the hollow-cone spray are possible due to burning of fuel droplets. Drop turbulence decreases due to combination of increase in gas kinematic viscosity and elimination of small drops at high temperatures. Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) radial profiles at all axial locations increase with combustion due to preferential burning of small drops.

Porous Media Modeling of Two-Phase Microchannel Cooling of Electronic Chips With Nonuniform Power Distribution

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Liu ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
S. C. Yao ◽  
Yubai Li
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Heat Load ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Microchannel Cooling

Compared to single-phase heat transfer, two-phase microchannel heat sinks utilize latent heat to reduce the needed flow rate and to maintain a rather uniform temperature close to the boiling temperature. The challenge in the application of cooling for electronic chips is the necessity of modeling a large number of microchannels using large number of meshes and extensive computation time. In the present study, a modified porous media method modeling of two-phase flow in microchannels is performed. Compared with conjugate method, which considers individual channels and walls, it saves computation effort and provides a more convenient means to perform optimization of channel geometry. The porous media simulation is applied to a real chip. The channels of high heat load will have higher qualities, larger flow resistances, and lower flow rates. At a constant available pressure drop over the channels, the low heat load channels show much higher mass flow rates than needed. To avoid this flow maldistribution, the channel widths on a chip are adjusted to ensure that the exit qualities and mass flow rate of channels are more uniform. As a result, the total flow rate on the chip is drastically reduced, and the temperature gradient is also minimized. However, it only gives a relatively small reduction on the maximum surface temperature of chip.

scholarly journals Influence of mineralization and injection flow rate on flow patterns in three-dimensional porous media

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (27) ◽  
pp. 14605-14611 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moosavi ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
A. De Wit ◽  
M. Schröter
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Injection Flow Rate ◽  
Injection Flow

At low flow rates, the precipitate forming at the miscible interface between two reactive solutions guides the evolution of the flow field.

NMR velocimetry with 13-interval stimulated echo multi-slice imaging in natural porous media under low flow rates

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha Spindler ◽  
Petrik Galvosas ◽  
Andreas Pohlmeier ◽  
Harry Vereecken
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Stimulated Echo ◽  
Slice Imaging

Under-Expanded Gaseous Flow at a Straight Micro-Tube Exit

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Yoshimaru ◽  
Yutaka Asako ◽  
Toru Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Total Pressure ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Pitot Tube ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Gaseous Flow ◽  
Mass Flow Rates ◽  
Tube Exit ◽  
Slight Discrepancy

This paper focuses on under-expanded gaseous flow at a straight micro-tube exit. The pitot total pressure of gas flow (jet) in the downstream region from a straight micro-tube exit was measured by a total pressure pitot tube to accumulate data for validation of numerical results. A micro-tube of 495μm in diameter and 56.3 mm in length and a total pressure pitot tube of 100 μm in outer diameter were used. The pitot total pressure was measured at intervals of 0.1 mm in both the flow and radial directions. The measurement was done for the mass flow rates of 9.71 × 10−5 kg/s and 1.46 × 10−4 kg/s. The data were accumulated for validation of the numerical results to reveal the characteristics of the under-expanded gas flow at the exit of a micro-tube. Comparisons were conducted for numerical results of corresponding cases and a slight discrepancy can be seen between numerical and experimentally measured pitot total pressures.

Steady wave patterns on a non-uniform steady fluid flow

1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ursell
Keyword(s):  
Wave Length ◽  
Present Theory ◽  
Wave Pattern ◽  
Wave Crest ◽  
Stream Velocity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Local Wave ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Waves

A steady slightly non-uniform flow with a free surface is subject to a concentrated surface pressure which gives rise to a pattern of surface waves. (For gravity waves on deep water this is the well-known Kelvin ship-wave pattern.) The motion is assumed inviscid, and the waves are assumed small. A theory is developed for the wave pattern, based on the following assumptions: The stream velocity component normal to a wave crest is equal to the phase velocity based on the local wavelength;the separation between consecutive crests is equal to the local wave-length. These assumptions are expressed in mathematical form, and the existence of a set of characteristic curves (associated with the group velocity) is deduced from them. These characteristics are not identical with the crests. Let the additional assumption be made thatthe characteristics all pass through the point disturbance; the characteristics are then completely defined and may be constructed by a step-by-step process starting at the point disturbance. The same construction gives the direction of the wave crests at all points. The wave crests can then be deduced.Assumptions of the same type as (1) and (2) have long been familiar in various applications of ray tracing. For uniform flows the present theory gives the same pattern as the method of stationary phase.

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