scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE FORMATION OF HEXAMINE FROM FORMALDEHYDE AND AMMONIUM SALTS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION

1947 ◽  
Vol 25b (6) ◽  
pp. 525-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Polley ◽  
C. A. Winkler ◽  
R. V. V. Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Final Yield

It is shown that the reaction of formaldehyde with an ammonium salt to form hexamine is general. The rate of formation and the final yield of hexamine vary greatly with the different ammonium salts, being greater in the solutions of higher pH. When buffered at given pH, the various ammonium salts give approximately the same rates of formation and final yields of hexamine. Rate curves have been determined for the reaction of formaldehyde with ammonium nitrate in aqueous solutions buffered at pH 8.0, 6.0, and 4.0, at temperatures of 0°, 20°, and 40 °C. and over a range of initial mole ratios (formaldehyde: ammonium nitrate) of 0.75 to 3.0. For each set of conditions, three rate curves have been obtained on the basis of ammonia consumed, formaldehyde consumed, and material precipitated with mercuric chloride. In excess formaldehyde, it appears that a stable by-product is formed; its formation increases as the temperature is increased. In excess ammonium nitrate, by-product formation is decreased. A mechanism of hexamine formation is suggested in accordance with the data.

scholarly journals XV.—The Viscosity of Solutions

1907 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ranken ◽  
W. W. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Potassium Ferricyanide ◽  
Potassium Ferrocyanide ◽  
Potassium Chlorate ◽  
Ammonium Iodide ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Negative Viscosity

In a recent paper published by the authors, some measurements of the viscosity of aqueous solutions indicated that it would be of interest to investigate more fully the viscosity of solutions, especially those which exhibit what is now generally known as “negative viscosity,” over a wider range of temperature.This has now been done to a certain extent, and to enable a comparison to be made between electrolytes and non-electrolytes in aqueous solution, some other substances have been included in the investigation. They are:—potassium chloride, potassium chlorate, ammonium iodide, potassium ferricyanide, potassium ferrocyanide; mercuric chloride, mercuric cyanide; carbamide.

Viscosity, electrical conductivity and density of the system ammonium nitrate-dimethyl sulphoxide

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1109-1115
Author(s):  
Jindřich Novák ◽  
Zdeněk Kodejš ◽  
Ivo Sláma
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Present System ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Concentrated Solutions ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

The density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of highly concentrated solutions of ammonium nitrate in dimethyl sulphoxide have been determined over the temperature range 10-60 °C and the concentration range 7-50 mol% of the salt. The variations in the quantities as a function of temperature and concentration have been correlated by empirical equations. A comparison is made between the transport properties for the present system, aqueous solutions of ammonium nitrate, and calcium nitrate solutions in dimethyl sulphoxide.

Effect of thermal history of aqueous solutions of KCl on the metastable zone width

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Nývlt
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Equilibrium Solubility ◽  
Metastable Zone Width ◽  
Zone Width ◽  
Preceding Experiment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metastable Zone ◽  
The Given

The metastable zone width of an aqueous solution of KCI was measured as a function of the time and temperature of overheating above the equilibrium solubility temperature. It has been found that when the experiments follow close upon one another, the parameters of the preceding experiment affect the results of the experiment to follow.The results are interpreted in terms of hypotheses advanced in the literature to account for the effect of thermal history of solution. The plausibility and applicability of these hypotheses are assessed for the given cause of aqueous solution of a well soluble electrolyte.

scholarly journals I. Thermo-electric behaviour of aqueous solutions with mercurial electrodes

1879 ◽  
Vol 29 (196-199) ◽  
pp. 472-482 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Thermo Electric ◽  
Thin Glass ◽  
Mercury Surface

In order to investigate this subject, I devised and constructed the following apparatus :—A and B are two thin glass basins, 81 millims. internal diameter (= 5,153 sq. millims. of mercury surface), and 6·0 centims. deep; each containing a layer of mercury about 1·0 centim. deep, covered by a layer, about 3 centims. deep, of the aqueous solution to be examined.

scholarly journals Meta-studtite stability in aqueous solutions. Impact of HCO3−, H2O2 and ionizing radiation on dissolution and speciation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Li ◽  
Zoltán Szabó ◽  
Mats Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Carbonate Complexes ◽  
C Nmr

Four different uranyl-(peroxide)-carbonate complexes were identified during studtite and meta-studtite dissolution in aqueous solution containing 10 mM HCO3− by 13C NMR.

scholarly journals Visualization of microwave near-field distribution in sodium chloride and glucose aqueous solutions by a thermo-elastic optical indicator microscope

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhirayr Baghdasaryan ◽  
Arsen Babajanyan ◽  
Levon Odabashyan ◽  
Jung-Ha Lee ◽  
Barry Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Biological Liquids ◽  
Optical Indicator ◽  
Distribution Intensity

AbstractIn this study, a new optical method is presented to determine the concentrations of NaCl and glucose aqueous solutions by using a thermo-elastic optical indicator microscope. By measuring the microwave near-field distribution intensity, concentration changes of NaCl and glucose aqueous solutions were detected in the 0–100 mg/ml range, when exposed to microwave irradiation at 12 GHz frequency. Microwave near-field distribution intensity decreased as the NaCl or glucose concentration increased due to the changes of the absorption properties of aqueous solution. This method provides a novel approach for monitoring NaCl and glucose in biological liquids by using a CCD sensor capable of visualizing NaCl and glucose concentrations without scanning.

Fabrication of monodisperse polypyrrole/SBA-15 composite for the selective removal of Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Wang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Mengxin Liu ◽  
Ziqing Huang ◽  
Shixia Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Selective Removal ◽  
Factors Affecting

Monodisperse polypyrrole/SBA-15 composite (PPy/SBA-15) was fabricated by in-situ polymerization and used for Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption from aqueous solution. PPy/SBA-15 was characterized by numerous approaches. Factors affecting the Cr(Ⅵ) adsorption process included...

Addition of Aliphatic and Aromatic Amines to Catechol in Aqueous Solution Under Oxidizing Conditions

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
MK Manthey ◽  
SG Pyne ◽  
RJW Truscott
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Aromatic Amines ◽  
Aliphatic Amines ◽  
Substitution Pattern ◽  
Vinylogous Amides ◽  
The Stability

The oxidation of catechol in the presence of two aliphatic and aromatic amines has been investigated. In aqueous solutions of pH 7.0 and 11.7, the substitution pattern of the adduct was dependent on the type of amine used. Aromatic amines produced 4,5-disubstituted o-quinones, whereas aliphatic amines gave either 2,4,5-trisubstituted or 2,4-disubstituted o-quinone adducts. A rationale based upon the stability of vinylogous amides is presented to account for the observed substitution pattern.

Modified Na-Montmorillonite With Quaternary Ammonium Salts: Application for Removal of Salicylic Acid From Aqueous Solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1150-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilin Meng ◽  
Fengzhu Lv ◽  
Yihe Zhang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Zhilei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽  
Ammonium Salts
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