THE OXIDATION OF METHANE AT HIGH PRESSURES: IV. EXPERIMENTS USING PURE METHANE AND COPPER, SILVER, ZINC, NICKEL, OR MONEL METAL AS CATALYSTS

1947 ◽  
Vol 25b (6) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Boomer ◽  
S. N. Naldrett
Keyword(s):  
High Pressures ◽  
Copper Catalyst ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Fine Wire ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Wire Gauze ◽  
Zinc Nickel ◽  
Monel Metal ◽  
Better Than

Mixtures of methane and oxygen with some nitrogen were passed over catalysts of copper, silver, zinc, nickel, and Monel metal and the yields of methanol and other liquid products determined. The conditions of temperature, pressure, and rate of flow that were known to be best for a copper catalyst were used. Nickel and Monel metal appear to offer most promise. A massive form of catalyst appears to be better than a catalyst in the form of fine wire gauze for the maximum yield of liquid products.

scholarly journals Thermophysical Properties of 1-Butanol at High Pressures

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5046
Author(s):  
Marzena Dzida
Keyword(s):  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Thermophysical Properties ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Isobaric Thermal Expansion ◽  
Isentropic And Isothermal Compressibilities ◽  
Overlap Method ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Better Than

1-Butanol can be considered as a good fuel additive, which can be used at high pressures. Therefore, the knowledge of high-pressure thermophysical properties is crucial for this application. In this paper, new experimental data on the speed of sound in 1-butanol in the temperature range from 293 to 318 K and at pressures up to 101 MPa are reported. The speed of sound at a frequency of 2 MHz was measured at atmospheric and high pressures using two measuring sets operating on the principle of the pulse–echo–overlap method. The measurement uncertainties were estimated to be better than ±0.5 m·s−1 and ± 1 m·s−1 at atmospheric and high pressures, respectively. Additionally, the density was measured under atmospheric pressure in the temperature range from 293 to 318 K using a vibrating tube densimeter Anton Paar DMA 5000. Using the experimental results, the density and isobaric and isochoric heat capacities, isentropic and isothermal compressibilities, isobaric thermal expansion, and internal pressure were calculated at temperatures from 293 to 318 K and at pressures up to 100 MPa.

scholarly journals Effect of planting system of potato and plant density of maize on productivity of potato- hybrid maize intercropping system

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409
Author(s):  
AA Begum ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
Amina Khatun ◽  
SK Das
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
Planting System ◽  
Better Than

The experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Field, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur during 2010-11 to find out the appropriate planting system of potato and plant density of maize in potatohybrid maize intercropping system for maximum yield and economic return. Ten treatments were evaluated viz., T1= Potato whole tuber single row (75 cm × 20 cm) + 125% hybrid maize (75 cm × 20 cm), T2=Potato whole tuber single row (75 cm × 20 cm) + 100% hybrid maize (75cm × 25 cm), T3= Potato whole tuber single row (75 cm × 20 cm) + 83% hybrid maize (75 cm × 30 cm), T4= Potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm) + 125% hybrid maize (75 cm × 20 cm), T5= Potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm) +100% hybrid maize (75 cm × 25 cm), T6= Potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm) + 83% hybrid maize (75 cm × 30 cm), T7= Sole potato whole tuber single row planting system (60 cm × 25 cm), T8 = Sole potato half tuber paired row (20 cm/ 55 cm × 20 cm), T9= Sole hybrid maize in normal spacing 75 cm × 25 cm (sole HM1) and T10= Sole hybrid maize (75 cm × 25 cm) sown 30 days after potato planting (sole HM2). The results revealed that sole planting of both potato and maize produced the maximum yields. In case of sole potato, potato half tuber paired row planting system was better than potato whole tuber single row planting system. On the other hand, the performance of sole HM1 was better than sole HM2 in relation to growth, yield and economic performance. Over all T1 treatment ( potato whole tuber single row planting system with 125 % hybrid maize population) was the best intercropping system for getting higher yield and economic return as well as less relative crowding coefficient with better crop performance ratio.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(3): 397-409, September 2016

Selective oxidation of methane to methanol with H2O2 over an Fe-MFI zeolite catalyst using sulfolane solvent

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (20) ◽  
pp. 2896-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Xiao ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Toshiki Nishitoba ◽  
Junko N. Kondo ◽  
Toshiyuki Yokoi
Keyword(s):  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Mfi Zeolite ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Liquid Products

Selective oxidation of methane to methanol with H2O2 over an Fe-MFI zeolite catalyst using a sulfolane–water mixture solvent achieved a high productivity of liquid products and a high methanol selectivity.

Comparison of Nanocrystalline and Polycrystalline Oxide Supports for Catalytic Oxidation of Methane

1997 ◽  
Vol 497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst H. Hahn ◽  
Heiko Hesemann ◽  
William S. Epling ◽  
Gar B. Hoflund
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Oxide Supports ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTNanocrystalline and polycrystalline ZrO2, CeO2 and Mn3O4 without and with 5 wt% Pd have been tested for methane oxidation. The nanocrystalline catalysts perform better than the polycrystalline catalysts on a weight basis. Nanocrystalline (n)-CeO2 performs much better than n-ZrO2, and both perform much better than polycrystalline (P)-CeO2 and P-ZrO2. 5 wt% Pd/n-ZrO2 is the best catalyst tested, but 5 wt% Pd/n-CeO2 performs nearly as well. A 20 wt% Ag/p-ZrO2 and a 20 wt% Ag/n-ZrO2 catalyst were also tested. The Ag yields a significant improvement over the bare supports, but not as much so as Pd.

Defective C3N4 frameworks coordinated diatomic copper catalyst: Towards mild oxidation of methane to C1 oxygenates

2021 ◽  
pp. 120682
Author(s):  
Nating Yang ◽  
Yonghui Zhao ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Guojuan Liu ◽  
Fanfei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Catalyst ◽  
Mild Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane

On the mathematical description of lactation curves

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
J. France ◽  
M. S. Dhanoa
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Monotonically Decreasing Function ◽  
Relative Decline ◽  
Increasing Function ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThe lactation curve may be represented mathematically by the general equation Y = Aϕ1(t)ϕ2(t), where A is a positive scalar, ϕ1,(t) is a positive monotonically increasing function with an asymptote at ϕ1 = 1, and ϕ2 is a monotonically decreasing function with an initial value of unity and an asymptote at ϕ2 = 0. Functions considered as candidates for ϕ1 were: (Mitscherlich), (Michaelis-Menten), (generalized saturation kinetic), 1/(1 + b0 (logistic), b0 exp (Gompertz) and [1+ tanh(b0 + b1t)]/2 (hyperbolic tangent). Candidates for ϕ2 were e–ct (exponential) and 1/(1 + ct) (inverse straight line). The 12 models thus obtained and Y = Atb e–ct (Wood's model) were fitted to whole-lactation data from 23 animals. Mitscherlich x exponential, Michaelis-Menten x exponential, logistic x exponential, logistic × inverse straight line and Wood's model all fitted well. For these models, expressions for time to peak, maximum yield, total yield over a finite lactation and relative decline at the midway point of the declining phase were obtained. The Mitscherlich x exponential model generally fitted better than Wood's model and, unlike Wood's model, gives simple algebraic formulae for all these summary statistics.

AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF ACETOSYRINGONE

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1562-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Crawford ◽  
E. O. Eaton ◽  
J. M. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Methoxide ◽  
Copper Catalyst ◽  
Subsequent Oxidation ◽  
Better Than

Acetosyringone has been synthesized from acetovanillone, in better than a 50% yield, through conversion to 5-iodoacetovanillone followed by its interaction with sodium methoxide in the presence of copper catalyst. The previously unreported intermediate, 5-iodoacetovanillone, was characterized by methylation to 5-iodoacetoveratrone and subsequent oxidation to the known 5-iodoveratric acid.

THE OXIDATION OF METHANE AT HIGH PRESSURES: II. EXPERIMENTS WITH VARIOUS MIXTURES OF VIKING NATURAL GAS AND AIR

1937 ◽  
Vol 15b (10) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Boomer ◽  
Victor Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Space Velocity ◽  
Principal Product ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Mixture Pressure

Mixtures of a natural gas, substantially methane, and air in various proportions were passed over catalysts, and the effects of the variables, composition of mixture, pressure, temperature, and space velocity, were determined. Similar experiments were made with mixtures of methane and air. Mixtures containing from less than 3% to more than 13% of oxygen as air were used. The temperature range was 350° to 500 °C. and the pressure range 140 to 230 atm. Methanol was the principal product, and yields as high as 74% on the basis of carbon oxidized were obtained. Copper was the principal catalyst used. Traces of sulphur poisoned the catalyst very effectively.

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