LIQUID AND FROZEN EGG: II. METHODS OF DETERMINING SOLIDS CONTENT OF LIQUID AND FROZEN EGG

1946 ◽  
Vol 24f (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
C. G. Lavers ◽  
Jesse A. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Oven Method ◽  
Vacuum Oven ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Gravity Measurements ◽  
Solids Content

Solids content of liquid egg prepared from shell eggs having different histories was measured by the official A.O.A.C. vacuum oven method and compared with measurements of specific gravity and refractive index. Specific gravity measurements were the least satisfactory, but may provide a rough check on solids content. Refractive index measurements following treatment with ammonium hydroxide were a more satisfactory measure of solids content than the same measurement on liquid egg after treatment with trypsin solution.Relations between the solids content of defrosted frozen egg and unfrozen liquid egg and refractive index, as determined with a Zeiss sugar refractometer and with a hand sugar refractometer, were calculated for the method involving the addition of ammonium hydroxide. The relation, solids–refractive-index, for unfrozen liquid egg differed from the relation for frozen egg. However, the method provided a rapid, convenient, and accurate means for determining solids content.

Relation Between Refractive Index, Specific Gravity, and Total Solids of Tomato Juice, Puree, and Paste

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-700
Author(s):  
Frank C Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Pectic Enzymes ◽  
Tomato Paste ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Separate Regression

Abstract Total solids by drying, refractive index, and specific gravity were determined on about 375 commercial samples of tomato juice, puree, and paste. Refractive index was determined with and without dilution of tomato paste; pectic enzymes were used to aid filtration and centrifugation. A new specific gravity bottle was used. The new AOAC method for total solids was compared with the former AOAC method on 115 samples. Variations from previous tables relating refractive index and total solids were of little significance up to 20% solids but were increasingly greater as solids increased above 20%. Data obtained in these studies showed lower values for total solids than the old tables in most instances. Separate regression equations had to be calculated for the solids content of the diluted and undiluted samples. Total solids by the official AOAC method was the most precise of the methods used. However, specific gravity and refractive index were both found to have satisfactory degrees of precision

MEASURING THE SOLIDS CONTENT OF HONEY AND OF STRAWBERRY JAM WITH A HAND REFRACTOMETER

1949 ◽  
Vol 27f (3) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse A. Pearce ◽  
Suzanne Jegard
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Oven Method ◽  
Vacuum Oven ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
Solids Content

A hand refractometer may be useful for routine inspection of the solids content of honey, and of strawberry jam containing added pectin. For 76 pairs of determinations on honey,[Formula: see text]with a standard error of prediction of ± 0.4%; for 116 pairs of determinations on the jam,[Formula: see text]with a standard error of prediction of ± 0.3%, where y is the per cent solids by the A.O.A.C. vacuum-oven method and x is the reading on the hand refractometer. A standard error of ± 0.5% was observed for determinations by the vacuum-oven method, and of ± 0.4% for determinations with the hand refractometer.

Quality Control Parameters of Mandukarni Syrup - A classical memory enhancing dosage form

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almas Tarannum ◽  
Prathviraj Puranik ◽  
Suma V. Mallya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Quality Control Parameters ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Ayurveda is the healing medicine. Dosha, Dhatu, Mala and Agni play important role in maintaining health of a person, but without equilibrium of Atma, Indriya and Manas they are helpless. Manas is one entity which is the controller of health. There are several herbs which have direct impact on Manas, among them Mandukaparni is one. Swarasa of Mandukaparni is highly effective, but it is not easily available for children. This study is intended to make Syrup form of Mandukaparni and evaluate its pharmacognostical parameters. According to the methodology refractive index, total solids, specific gravity, reducing and non Reducing sugar and HPTLC parameters were assessed. The results were found to be genuine fulfilling the standard protocol. This study is under taken to evaluate the pharmacognostic properties of Mandukaparni syrup.

Moisture Analysis of Freeze-Dehydrated Cottage Cheese

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279-1283
Author(s):  
James L Fowler ◽  
Charles H Coleman
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Oven Method ◽  
Vacuum Oven ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Moisture Analysis ◽  
Government Laboratories

Abstract A large number of samples of dehydrated cottage cheese are received by government laboratories for moisture analysis, and the apparatus for performing the test by the prescribed method lacks adequate capacity to handle them. Therefore, an experiment was designed to test whether analysis by an alternative method making use of high capacity apparatus would give comparable results. It was concluded that the mechanical convection air oven, 100—102°C, 16—18 hr drying time, did not give results comparable to the specified vacuum oven method

E EVALUASI MUTU MINYAK BUMI DENGAN DISTILASI TRUE BOILING POINT (TBP) BERDASARKAN PARAMETER UJI SIFAT FISIKA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PRODUK KEROSIN DAN AVTUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Dian Kurnia Sari ◽  
Rian Ternando
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Smoke Point ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Primary Process ◽  
Copper Strip

Minyak bumi dievaluasi guna menentukan potensi minyak bumi sebagai bahan baku kilang minyak untuk menghasilkan fraksi yang dikehendaki. Evaluasi yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian sifat umum minyak bumi, klasifikasi minyak bumi dengan distilasi True Boiling Point (TBP) wide cut (pemotongan jarak lebar) serta analisis fraksi kerosin. Fraksi kerosin yang dihasilkan dari primary process dapat diolah menjadi bahan bakar rumah tangga (minyak  tanah) dan bahan bakar lampu penerangan. Selain itu fraksi kerosin juga dapat dioalah menjadi bahan bakar untuk pesawat terbang jenis jet (avtur). Avtur adalah kerosin yang dengan  spesifikasi yang diperketat, terutama mengenai titik uap dan titik beku. Untuk melakukan pengolahan pada minyak bumi perlu diketahui karakteristik dan spesifikasi minyak  bumi (bahan baku) yang akan diolah untuk mengetahui mutu dan manfaat minyak bumi tersebut. Salah satu parameter uji analisis minyak bumi yaitu parameter sifat fisika. Dari data distilasi TBP diperoleh persentase fraksi kerosin Crude Oil 99 PT HS sebesar 29 % vol sedangkan Crude Oil 165 PT RT sebesar 23 % vol. Berdasarkan analisis sifat fisika yang meliputi Specific Gravity, Refractive Index nD20, Freezing Point, Smoke Point, Flash Point “Abel”, Aniline Point, Copper Strip Corrosion, Kinematic Viscosity dan Characterization KUOP. Crude Oil 99 dan Crude Oil 165 memiliki mutu yang baik serta memenuhi spesifikasi produk kerosin maupun produk avtur.

Estimation of Lamb Carcass Composition by Use of Specific Gravity Measurements

1970 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1081-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson J. Adams ◽  
Z. L. Carpenter ◽  
C. W. Spaeth
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Gravity Measurements

scholarly journals NILAI TAMBAH MINYAK AKAR WANGI DENGAN PEMEKATAN KADAR VETIVEROL MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI CO2 FLUIDA SUPERKRITIK

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anny Sulaswatty ◽  
Egi Agustian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fluid Extraction ◽  
Great Opportunity

Potensi Indonesia akan minyak akar wangi yang berorientasi ekspor dalam industri kosmetik, parfum, sabun, keperluan terapi, antiseptik, massage oil, farmasi dan pestisida memberikan peluang yang besar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dunia. Guna nilai tambah minyak akar wangi dengan meningkatkan kadar vetiverol sebagai komponen utama, diaplikasikan teknologi ekstraksi fluida karbondioksida superkritik yang merupakan perpaduan ekstraksi, fraksinasi dan deodorisasi dengan didukung keunggulan karbondioksida sebagai pelarut yang inert, ramah lingkungan, mudah dipisahkan, dan berdaya larut tinggi.  Minyak akar wangi Garut (Java vetiver oil) sebagai bahan baku, mempunyai karakteristik  kadar vetiverol  39.03 %; Bobot jenis 0.9977; indeks bias 1.5247;  putaran optik +38.1; kelarutan dalam alkohol 95%  yaitu 1:1 jernih; bilangan asam 28.1; bilangan ester 24.6; bilangan ester setelah asetilasi 115.5; serta tidak mengandung minyak lemak dan  minyak keruing. Pemilihan kondisi proses guna menghasilkan kandungan vetiverol optimal dilakukan dengan memvariasikan laju alir gas CO2, tekanan dan suhu sebagai parameter penting dalam keberhasilan proses ekstraksi minyak akar wangi dengan fluida CO2 superkritik. Pemilihan laju alir konstan dan lebih stabil  diperoleh pada 5.5 liter/menit, sedangkan untuk variasi tekanan ekstraktor (1500, 1750, 2000 psi) dan suhu ekstraktor (40-50oC);  tekanan dan suhu separator  500 psi dan 25oC serta waktu proses selama lima jam dengan pengambilan ekstrak setiap jam. Tekanan dan suhu proses yang optimal diperoleh pada 1750 psi dan suhu 40oC  dengan  rafinat minyak akar wangi berkadar vetiverol  51.82 %,  bilangan ester 7.2 dan bilangan ester setelah asetilasi  172.4. Tingginya tekanan dan rendahnya suhu berpengaruh terhadap perolehan ekstrak; penurunan rafinat; peningkatan nilai  bobot jenis ekstrak dan rafinat; indeks bias ekstrak dan rafinat; putaran optik ekstrak dan rafinat; peningkatan viskositas ekstrak dan rafinat; peningkatan bilangan ester ekstrak, bilangan ester setelah asetilasi ekstrak, serta kandungan vetiverol.Kata Kunci: Minyak Akar Wangi, Vetiverol, Ekstraksi Fluida Superkritik Potential Indonesian vetiver oil export oriented industry of cosmetics, perfumes, soaps, therapeutic purposes, antiseptic, massage oil, pharmaceutical and pesticide presents a great opportunity to meet the needs of the world. In order to add value vetiver oil by increasing the levels vetiverol as the main component, was applied to carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction technology which is a combination of extraction, fractionation and deodorization with excellence supported carbon dioxide as an inert solvent, eco-friendly, easily separated, and the high solubility. Garut vetiver oil (Java vetiver oil) as raw material, has the characteristics vetiverol levels 39.03%, specific gravity of 0.9977; refractive index of 1.5247; optical rotation +38.1; solubility in alcohol 95% is a clear 1:1; acid number 28.1; ester number 24.6; ester number after acetylation 115.5; as well as fats and oils contain no oil keruing. The selection process conditions in order to produce optimal vetiverol content performed by varying the flow rate of CO2 gas, pressure and temperature as an important parameter in the success of vetiver oil extraction with supercritical CO2 fluid. The selection of a constant flow rate and more stable obtained at 5.5 liters / min, whereas for pressure variation extractor (1500-2000 psi) and extractor temperature (40-50oC); separator pressure and temperature of 500 psi and 25 °C as well as the processing time for five hours by taking extracts every hour. Pressure and temperature optimum process obtained at 1750 psi and a temperature of 40oC with rafinat vetiverol vetiver oil yield of 51.82%, ester number 7.2, and ester number after acetylation 172.4. The high pressure and low temperature affect the acquisition of the extract; rafinat decline; increase in the value of specific gravity and rafinat extracts; refractive index and rafinat extract; optical rotation and rafinat extract; increase in the viscosity of the extract and rafinat; increase in numbers ester extract, ester number after acetylation extracts, as well as the content vetiverol. Key word: Vetiver Oil, Vetiverol, Supercritical Fluid Extraction.

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