THE EFFECTS OF VARIATIONS IN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE UPON INSECTS

1946 ◽  
Vol 24d (2) ◽  
pp. 51-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Fluctuating Pressure ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Increased Pressure

This paper constitutes a review and an analysis of the available literature on the effects of pressure changes upon insects. The variations of atmospheric pressure that occur are classified briefly, but the effects of pressure changes upon insects are considered from the standpoint of the reactions of insects to extremely low pressure, extremely high pressure, and slight variations in pressure. It is concluded that extreme changes of pressure exert no direct influence upon insects. On the other hand, there is evidence that slightly reduced pressure increases the rates of the development and of the various activities of insects, while slightly increased pressure does not appear to have any positive influence on these processes. A discussion of the possible role of chordotonal organs in the observed responses of some insects to fluctuating pressure is included, and some laboratory experiments are suggested that might aid in quantitative determinations of the effects of varying atmospheric pressure upon insects.

The Effect of Face Consciousness on Consumption of Counterfeit Luxury Goods

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Qing Chen ◽  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Meng Le ◽  
Yi-Zhen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Intention To Purchase ◽  
Luxury Item ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Chinese Undergraduates ◽  
Significant Positive Influence

We conducted 3 laboratory experiments to determine how face consciousness influences consumption of counterfeit luxury goods, along with the moderating roles of usage occasion and brand prominence. The participants in the first study were 138 Chinese undergraduates who were allocated to a 2 × 2 design to evaluate their intention to purchase a counterfeit luxury item that would be used either in public or in private. In Studies 2 and 3, using two 2 × 2 designs we evaluated the purchase intention of the participants (132 and 136, respectively) in order to investigate the moderating role of brand prominence. The results showed that participants' face consciousness had a significant positive influence on intention to purchase counterfeit luxury goods. In addition, the products' usage occasion and brand prominence positively moderated the influence that face consciousness had on counterfeit luxury item purchase intention of our participant groups.

scholarly journals ĐA DẠNG SINH KẾ VỚI KHẢ NĂNG PHỤC HỒI SAU SỰ CỐ Ô NHIỄM MÔI TRƯỜNG BIỂN FORMOSA 2016 ĐỐI VỚI NGƯ DÂN KHAI THÁC THỦY SẢN GẦN BỜ TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2075-2084
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Ngọc Truyền ◽  
Trần Cao Úy ◽  
Nguyễn Viết Tuân
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Income Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resilience Capacity ◽  
Impact Duration

Nghiên cứu này xem xét vai trò của đa dạng sinh kế đến “năng lực chống chịu” của hộ khai thác thủy sản biển ven bờ bị ảnh hưởng bởi sự cố môi trường biển Formosa năm 2016. Năng lực chống chịu của hộ được thể hiện thông qua mức độ tác động của sự cố và sự phục hồi sau sự cố. Các hộ được chọn nghiên cứu là hộ khai thác thủy sản biển gần bờ tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế gồm nhóm chuyên khai thác thủy sản (KTTS) không đa dạng và nhóm KTTS đa dạng sinh kế. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, thời gian ảnh hưởng của sự cố đến nhóm hộ chuyên KTTS dài hơn nhóm hộ KTTS đa dạng sinh kế. Mặc dù giá trị thiệt hại về thu nhập của nhóm hộ KTTS đa dạng sinh kế cao hơn (khoảng 307,53 triệu đồng), nhưng tỷ lệ thiệt hại so với thu nhập của nhóm hộ này thấp hơn so với nhóm hộ chuyên KTTS (107,1% so với 123,31%). Sau 30 tháng, nhóm KTTS đa dạng sinh kế có quá trình phục hồi tốt hơn với tỷ lệ giá trị thu nhập phục hồi khoảng 77,88%, cao hơn khoảng 10% so với nhóm còn lại. Đa dạng sinh kế của hộ KTTS được xem là yếu tố ảnh hưởng tích cực nâng cao năng lực chống chịu của hộ đối với sự cố môi trường và phục hồi các hoạt động sinh kế. ABSTRACT This study examined the role of livelihood diversity on the resilience capacity of coastal fishing households affected by the Formosa incident in 2016. The resilience capacity of househoulds was characterized by the impact level of the incident and post-incident recovery. The households selected in this study were nearshore fishing groups in Thua Thien Hue province, including two fishing groups of undiversified and diversified livelihood. The results showed that the impact duration of the incident on undiversified livelihood fishery group was longer than that on the diversified livelihood group. Although the value of income loss of the households group with diversification was higher (about 307.53 million VND), the rate of income loss of this group was lower than that of their counterparts (107.1% compared to 123.31%). After 30 months, the diversified livelihood group had better recovery with the proportion of income recovered at roughly 77.88%, about 10% higher than that of the other group. Diversified livelihood of fishing households was considered as the positive influence on improving their resilience to environmental incidents and restoration of livelihood activities.  

SOME REACTIONS OF MUSCOID DIPTERA TO CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

1946 ◽  
Vol 24d (4) ◽  
pp. 105-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Pressure Changes

Laboratory experiments are described that demonstrate that the antennal aristae of muscoid Diptera are sensitive to slight fluctuations in pressure, acting as external baroreceptors. Further experiments show that the increase in activity exhibited by flies at low pressure is of a kinetic nature, lacking any directional element, while the reaction of flies to manually-produced pressure waves that vibrate the aristae is tactic in a baronegative sense. It is suggested that the erratic prethunderstorm flight of muscoid Diptera results largely from such a baronegative response to localized pressure changes. This suggestion is based on laboratory observations of the reactions of flies under simulated storm pressure patterns.

scholarly journals KUALITAS LAYANAN INTERNAL YANG MEMENGARUHI KEPUASAN NASABAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KUALITAS LAYANAN EKSTERNAL SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Evi Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Banking Service ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Internal Service Quality

<p><em>This </em><em>study</em><em> develops the role of service quality both internal </em><em>and external </em><em>service quality to improve customer satisfaction at shariah banking service office in DKI Jakarta province. This study discusses the study on two areas of science namely Human Resource Management and marketing management science. The target in this study was 121 shariah banking service offices. </em><em>Sample is s</em><em>elected using purposive sampling. The liniear Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was adopt</em><em>ed </em><em>to verfy </em><em>the </em><em>model. </em><em>The results are </em><em> </em><em>(1) internal service quality has a positive significant and direct influence on external service quality (2) external service quality has a positive significant and direct influence on customer satisfaction (3) internal service quality has significantly positive influence on external service quality, which in turn affects the customer satisfaction in a significant and positive manner. In summary, the external service quality has a partially mediating effect. </em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals The Role of Groundwater Oxidation Potential and Radiolysis on Waste Glass Performance in Crystalline Repository Environments

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol M. Jantzen ◽  
Ned E. Bibler
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Lower Solubility ◽  
Gamma Radiolysis ◽  
Amorphous Precipitate

AbstractLaboratory experiments have shown that groundwater conditions in a granite repository will be as reducing as those in a basalt repository. Chemical analysis of the reduced groundwaters confirmed that the Fe2+/Fe3+ couple controls the oxidation potential (Eh). The reducing groundwater conditions were found to decrease the time-dependent release of soluble elements (Li and B) from the waste glass. However, due to the lower solubility of multivalent elements released from the glass when the groundwaters are reducing, these elements have significantly lower concentrations in the leachates.Gamma radiolysis reduced the oxidation potential of both granitic and basaltic groundwater in the absence of both waste glass and oxygen. This occurred in tests at atmospheric pressure where H2 could have escaped from the solution. The mechanism for this decrease in Eh is under investigation but appears related to the reactive amorphous precipitate in both groundwaters. The results of these tests suggest that radiolysis may not cause the groundwaters to become oxidizing in a crystalline repository when abundant Fe2+ species are present.

scholarly journals Lab-Sophistication: Does Repeated Participation in Laboratory Experiments Affect Pro-Social Behaviour?

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Medda ◽  
Vittorio Pelligra ◽  
Tommaso Reggiani
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Per Se ◽  
High Level

Experimental social scientists working at research-intensive institutions deal inevitably with subjects who have most likely participated in previous experiments. It is an important methodological question to know whether participants that have acquired a high level of lab-sophistication show altered pro-social behavioural patterns. In this paper, we focus both on the potential effect of the subjects’ lab-sophistication, and on the role of the knowledge about the level of lab-sophistication of the other participants. Our main findings show that while lab-sophistication per se does not significantly affect pro-social behaviour, for sophisticated subjects the knowledge about the counterpart’s level of (un)sophistication may systematically alter their choices. This result should induce caution among experimenters about whether, in their settings, information about lab-sophistication can be inferred by the participants, due to the characteristics of the recruitment mechanisms, the management of the experimental sessions or to other contextual clues.

scholarly journals Low Altruism as a Cause of Ostracism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianqiong Huang ◽  
Yingge Zhu ◽  
Denghao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

This study focused on the causes of ostracism and explored the relationship between altruistic personality traits and ostracism. Using a combination of questionnaire surveys and laboratory experiments, results showed that: individuals with lower altruism were more vulnerable to be ostracized than those with higher altruism (Study 1 and Study 2). The relationship between altruism and ostracism was partially mediated by social responsibility (Study 3). When facing a low-altruistic target, the source would infer that the social responsibility level of this target was also low, thereby leading the ostracism intention to the target. Empathy did not moderate the relationship between altruism and ostracism. On the one hand, empathy did not moderate the direct effect of altruism on ostracism (Study 2); on the other hand, it also did not moderate the mediating role of social responsibility (Study 3). The strengths and limitations of this research are also discussed.

The impact of atmospheric pressure change and rainfall for triggering landslides during weather events

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Pelascini ◽  
Philippe Steer ◽  
Laurent Longuevergne ◽  
Dimitri Lague
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Slope Stability ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Landslide Triggering

&lt;p&gt;Landslides are a complex phenomenon which triggering depends on both intrinsic properties of soils and rocks and external influences such as the action of weather conditions, or earthquakes. Around 6,000 landslides failed the 6&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; of September 2018 during the Mw 6.6 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi earthquake (Japan), one day after the typhoon Jebi hit the region. If the ground acceleration induced by the seismic waves likely played a major role in the triggering of these landslides, it is unclear how it compares to the respective role of rainfall and atmospheric pressure drop induced by the typhoon. The aim of this work is therefore to investigate the influence of weather conditions on landslide triggering, and more specifically to characterize the relative contributions of rainfall and atmospheric pressure changes on slope stability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For this purpose, a simple model is developed to describe the two mechanisms and to compare their respective impact on slope stability. The model considers a homogeneous isotropic tilted infinite half-space in one dimension. Slope stability is estimated using a safety factor and a Mohr-Coulomb criterion. In the static case, groundwater is accounted for by adding an unconfined aquifer into the model. Analytical models based on diffusion equations have been used to describe the impact of rainfall and atmospheric pressure changes on slope stability (Iverson, 2000; Schulz, 2009). Extracting a response function from these models allows us to compute the stability change due to any rainfall or pressure time series. The model parameters are taken for a typical slope in Taiwan tilted with a 25&amp;#176; angle and with characteristics of a fully saturated loamy soil at 4 m depth and put under conditions similar to the Morakot typhoon, with more than 240 mm of rain on a 24 h period and an associate atmospheric pressure drop of 4 kPa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Atmospheric pressure change and rainfall impacts the media in a very different way despite being associated to the same physical phenomenon, pressure diffusion. The atmospheric effect is instantaneous and directly affects the effective stress with a maximum of 4 kPa. This effect decreases over time while the pore pressure is adjusted to the atmosphere. The rainfall effect is delayed in time but has a greater impact on the effective stress, reaching 11.7 kPa almost 2 days after the end of the rainfall event. While atmospheric pressure does not change significantly the safety factor, it can exacerbate the effect of rainfall and advance the failure in time because of the respective temporal lag between the 2 processes. &amp;#160;Therefore, this study may lead to a better understanding of the effect of weather events such as typhoons on landslide triggering and slope stability. Our results call for revisiting in a more systematic approach the role of atmospheric pressure change on landslide triggering during extreme weather events. Because a 1D model may hide some effects associated to hillslope geometry, we then consider 2D numerical models which allow us to offer some first insights on slope stability during weather events, accounting for topography.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals INDUSTRIALISASI PERIKANAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN WILAYAH DI JAWA TIMUR

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakim Miftakhul Huda ◽  
Yeti Lis Purnamadewi ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Inland Fisheries ◽  
Processing Data

Disparity of development, poverty and unemployment is one of the main problems of East Java Province. On the other hand East Java province has great potential fishery. This study aims to analyze the role of the fisheries sub-sector in the regional economy of East Java province, knowing the factors that influence the fisheries development and arrange  the fisheries development strategy in  East Java province. Processing data using descriptive analysis, input-output (IO) and multiple linear regression. Fish processing subsector provide the largest multipliers of employment, output and value added among fisheries subsector. Inland fisheries subsector provide the largest of total linkages between fishery subsector, whereas the marine fisheries subsector have the largest of output value among the fishery subsector. Labor and maritime affairs and fisheries budget have a positive influence on the development of fisheries. Fisheries development strategy should be carried out simultaneously between marine, inland and fisheries processing. Fisheries industrialization strategy is expected to increase the value added of fisheries and reduce the disparity of development, poverty and unemployment.

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