A SURVEY OF THE VITAMINS A AND D POTENCIES OF THE LIVER OIL OF ATLANTIC COD (GADUS MORRHUA L.)

1945 ◽  
Vol 23f (4) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Pugsley ◽  
C. A. Morrell ◽  
J. T. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Fishing Season ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Spawning Cycle ◽  
Vitamin Potency

A survey has been made of the variations and of some of the factors influencing the variations of the vitamins A and D potencies of the liver oil of cod landed at ports in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Gaspé peninsula of Quebec. An increase in the vitamin A potency was paralleled by an increase in the vitamin D potency and the oil content of the liver increased with the percentage liver in the fish. An increase in the oil content of the liver and of the liver content of the fish was accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of vitamins A and D in the oil. The vitamin potency of the oil tended to decrease as the fishing season advanced from June to October and the oil content of the liver increased during this period. When the yield of vitamins was expressed per 100 gm. of fish there was no apparent seasonal change in potency indicating that the seasonal changes observed were due to dilution. A relationship was observed between the stages in the spawning cycle and the oil content of the liver. Fish classed as "steaks" (six to eight years) yielded a liver oil higher in vitamins A and D potencies than "market cod" (four to six years) and the liver oil of "scrod" (three to four years) had the lowest vitamins A and D potencies.

657. Factors influencing the vitamin content of milk fat: III. Seasonal changes in the vitamin A and carotenoid content of the blood plasma and milk fat of cows on pasture

1957 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. McGillivray
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Dairy Research ◽  
Research Institute

1. The levels of vitamin A alcohol and ester, carotene and xanthophyll in the blood plasma of six cows, grazed out-of-doors on pasture under typical New Zealand conditions, have been followed throughout one lactation. The same constituents have also been followed in the milk fats of these animals and in commercial factory butters over the same season.2. The seasonal trend in the vitamin A and carotenoid content of New Zealand milk fat is a reflexion of the changing level of these substances in the blood plasma.3. The decreased level of carotene, xanthophyll and vitamin A ester in the blood plasma over the summer months is consistent with a decreased absorption or utilization of carotenoids over this period.4. Throughout the year the vitamin A in the milk fat is predominantly in the ester form with no increase in vitamin A alcohol indicative of any increased utilization of hepatic vitamin A reserves.The author is indebted to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for a grant towards this investigation; to Mr M. R. Patchell and the farm staff of The Dairy Research Institute (N.Z.) for assistance in the collection of milk and blood samples; to Dr F. H. McDowall, Mr A. K. R. McDowell and the staff of the Chemistry Laboratory, The Dairy Research Institute (N.Z.), for the preparation of the fat samples and for the supply of factory butters. The assistance of Miss Fay Frecklington and Miss Jane Monroe with part of the experimental work is also acknowledged.

Factors Influencing the Vitamin A and D Potency of Grayfish Liver Oil Squalus sucklii (Girard)

1939 ◽  
Vol 4b (5) ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Pugsley
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Colour

A study of the variations in yield, colour and vitamin A potency of the liver oil of grayfish, Squalus sucklii (Girard), as influenced by sex, size and time of catching was made. The mean yield (71.5 per cent), colour (3.5 Lovibond units of yellow) and vitamin A potency (3330 blue units per g.) varied with size of the fish; the other factors did not show any significant influence. Three samples of liver oil assayed 4, 6 and 7 international units of vitamin D and the values did not show any relation to the vitamin A potency.

scholarly journals Adjuvant effects of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation on treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicentric trial in China

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e050541
Author(s):  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Mark Lee Wolraich ◽  
Ai-hua Cao ◽  
Fei-Yong Jia ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Double Blinded

IntroductionApproximately 7.2% of children in the world suffer from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Due to the availability of the osmotic-release oral-system methylphenidate, ADHD currently has a remission rate of up to 30.72%. Nevertheless, it has been reported that patients with ADHD tend to exhibit vitamin A and vitamin D deficiency, which may aggravate the symptoms of ADHD. This study aims to determine the effect of vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation as adjunctive therapy to methylphenidate on the symptoms of ADHD.Methods and analysisThis is a parallel, prospective, interventional multicentric study. Patients will be enrolled from the southern, central and northern parts of China. A target of 504 patients will be followed for 8 weeks. They will be allocated into three groups (vitamin AD, vitamin D and placebo) and administered the interventions accordingly. Data on changes in the symptoms of ADHD as well as changes in the serum concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin D will be recorded. Both responders and nonresponders based on the sociodemographic and clinical data will also be described to mitigate selection bias.Ethics and disseminationThis study is performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China (approval number: (2019) IRB (STUDY) number 262). The results of the trial will be reported in peer-reviewed scientific journals and academic conferences regardless of the outcomes.Trial registration numberNCT04284059.

Percentile Values for Serum levels of Vitamin A and Vitamin D in Iranian children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study

Nutrition ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111307
Author(s):  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Armita Mahdavi-Gorab ◽  
Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ◽  
Nazli Namazi ◽  
Maliheh Khoramdad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Iranian Children

The Interaction of Dietary Vitamin A and Vitamin D Related to Skeletal Development in the Turkey Poult

1985 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Metz ◽  
Mary M. Walser ◽  
William G. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Turkey Poult

The nutritional biochemistry of wool and hair follicles

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.I. Hynd
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Outer Root Sheath ◽  
Root Sheath ◽  
Fibre Growth

AbstractThe rôle of various classes of nutrients (energy substrates, vitamins, minerals, amino acids) in the production of wool and hair from follicles, is considered for a variety of animal species. The wool and hair follicle have evolved a number of interesting features of carbohydrate metabolism including glutaminolysis, aerobic glycolysis, significant activity of the pentose phosphate pathway, and storage and mobilisation of glycogen. Presumably the necessity to continue to produce fibre despite fluctuations in the supply of oxygen and nutrients has resulted in some of these unique features, while others reflect the high level of DNA and protein synthesis occurring in the follicle. While it is considered that energy does not normally limit fibre growth, the relative contributions of aerobic and anerobic metabolism will greatly influence the amount of ATP available for follicle activity, such that energy availability may at times alter fibre growth. Alopecia and deficient fibre growth are consistent outcomes of deficiencies of biotin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folate and pantothenic acid, but the precise rôles of these vitamins in follicle function await elucidation. Folate, in particular appears to play an important rôle in wool production, presumably reflecting its involvement in methionine metabolism. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) significantly alters fibre growth in cultured follicles; vitamin D receptors are located in the outer root sheath, bulb, and dermal papilla of the follicle; and alopecia occurs in humans with defects in the vitamin D receptor. Retinol (vitamin A), too, appears to influence follicle function by altering keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, with direct effects on the expression of keratin genes. The receptors for the retinoids are present in the keratogenous zone, the outer root sheath, the bulb, and the sebaceous glands. Vitamin A may also act indirectly on follicle function by influencing the activity of the insulin-like and epidermal growth factors and by altering vitamin D activity. At present there is little evidence implicating alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) or phytylmenaquinone (vitamin K) in follicular events. Of the minerals, only copper and zinc have been shown to have direct effects on follicle function, independent of effects on food intake. Copper has direct effects on the activity of an unidentified enzyme on oxidation of thiol groups to form disulphide linkages. Wool produced by copper-deficient sheep lacks crimp, is weak and lustrous. Copper is also necessary for the activity of tyrosinase and the tyrosinase-related proteins involved in melanin synthesis. Zinc, like copper, is required for the normal keratinization of fibres but again, the precise rôle has yet to be elucidated. While the importance of amino acid supply for wool growth has long been established, there are still some unaswered questions such as; what are the effects of amino acids on fibre growth in animals other than sheep; what are the characteristics of the amino acid transport genes and proteins operating in the wool and hair follicle; and what are the specific rôles for amino acids in follicle function.

scholarly journals Excess Dietary Vitamin A in the Growing Chick: Effect of Fat Source and Vitamin D

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. VELTMANN ◽  
L.S. JENSEN ◽  
G.N. ROWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Dietary Vitamin

scholarly journals Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for assessing vitamin intake of Japanese women in early and late pregnancy with and without nausea and vomiting

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Chik Jwa ◽  
Kohei Ogawa ◽  
Minatsu Kobayashi ◽  
Naho Morisaki ◽  
Haruhiko Sago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Japanese Pregnant Women

AbstractMaternal vitamin intake during pregnancy is crucial for pregnancy outcomes and the child's subsequent health. However, there are few valid instruments for assessing vitamin intake that address the effects of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP). This study aimed to investigate the validity of a FFQ concerning vitamin intake during early and late pregnancy with and without NVP. The participants comprised 200 Japanese pregnant women who completed the FFQ and from whom blood samples were taken in early and late pregnancy. Energy-adjusted dietary vitamin intakes (vitamin C, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin D) from FFQ were compared with their blood concentrations. A subgroup of women with NVP was investigated. In early pregnancy, significant correlations between FFQ and biomarkers were observed for vitamin C (r0·27), folate (r0·18) and vitamin D (r0·26) in women with NVP and for vitamin A (r0·18), vitamin B12(r0·24) and vitamin D (r0·23) in women without NVP. No significant correlations were observed in either group for vitamins B6or E. In late pregnancy, similar significant associations were observed for vitamin C (r0·27), folate (r0·22), vitamin B6(r0·18), vitamin B12(r0·27) and vitamin A (r0·15); coefficients were higher among women without NVP. Our study demonstrates that the FFQ is a useful tool for assessing intake of several important vitamins in early and late pregnancy regardless of NVP status.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document