A REVISION OF THE FAMILY ACARIDAE (TYROGLYPHIDAE), ORDER ACARI, BASED ON COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES: PART I. HISTORICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, AND GENERAL TAXONOMIC STUDIES

1945 ◽  
Vol 23d (6) ◽  
pp. 139-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert H. J. Nesbitt
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Significance ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Restricted Group ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

The purpose of this paper is to lay the basis for some serious work on comparative acarinology. For this purpose a restricted group, the family Acaridae, has been selected and a detailed morphological study based on approximately 40 species, representative of the various genera of the family, is presented. It is hoped that this will demonstrate more clearly than has hitherto been done the significance, from the standpoint of classification and phylogeny, of the principal morphological characters present in this group of animals. The classifications of previous workers, particularly that of Oudemans', are briefly reviewed and evaluated in the light of present findings; a discussion of the composition and inter-relationships of the various genera and higher groups is given; and finally a synopsis of the tribes and genera of the family Acaridae, based on characters believed to be of phylogenetic significance, is presented.

Analysis of non-morphometric morphological characters used in the taxonomy of the genus Pseudechiniscus (Tardigrada: Echiniscidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis V Tumanov
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Claw Morphology ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
A New Species

Abstract Pseudechiniscus, the second-largest genus of the family Echiniscidae (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea), is notoriously difficult for taxonomic studies. In this study, I performed a morphological analysis of a new species from Croatia, based on a light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic examination of 45 specimens from the same sample. Furthermore, I have summarized all available data on Pseudechiniscus species, including their original descriptions, and have analysed the following complexes of morphological characters: (1) arrangement and morphology of dorsal cuticular plates, (2) ventral sculpture, (3) morphology of cephalic, trunk and leg sensory organs and (4) claw morphology. The applicability of these characters in the taxonomy and their distribution in the genus are discussed. Some of the characters traditionally used for species delimitation were shown to be unsuitable and others in need of a thorough reinvestigation. The meaning of the old term ‘faceted’, commonly used but often misapplied, has been clarified, based on the initial definition. Several characters of the claw structure were suggested as potentially useful for species delimitation. The taxonomic status of several old forms and species was discussed.

Cladistic analysis of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) based on adult morphology

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2218 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMABÍLIO J. A. DE CAMARGO ◽  
OLAF H. H. MIELKE ◽  
MIRNA M. CASAGRANDE
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
New World ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies

The family Saturniidae is distributed on all continents except polar areas, and includes about 1528 species in 162 genera, being the group with the largest diversity among Bombycoidea. Approximately 970 species are known from the New World. However, recent molecular studies indicate 1861 species in 162 genera and nine subfamilies. The family Arsenurinae consists of 63 species distributed exclusively in ten Neotropical genera, with phylogenetic relationships poorly understood. The goal of this study was to test the monophyly of the subfamily, tribes and genera using cladistic analysis of adult morphological characters. The subfamily, tribes and genera were all recovered as monophyletic groups with the following relationships among genera: (Almeidaia ((Loxolomia, Copiopteryx) ((Rhescyntis) ((Grammopelta, Arsenura) ((Caio) ((Dysdaemonia, Titaea) Paradaemonia)))))). Both tribes, Arsenurini and Almeidaiini, share several characters, but morphological study of Almeidaiini demonstrates that it also presents significant differences.

scholarly journals Fossil record of Celastraceae: evaluation and potential use in molecular calibrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lilia Hernández-Damián ◽  
Sandra Luz Gómez-Acevedo ◽  
Sergio Rafael Silvestre Cevallos-Ferriz
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Clocks ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Geological Age ◽  
The Family ◽  
Critical Interpretation ◽  
Recent Classification ◽  
Fossil Records

Background: Celastraceae is a morphologically heterogeneous family. For this reason, the inclusion of some taxa within this group is controversial. Recently this problem has become significant since its fossil record is recognized as an important source of information for evolutionary studies, especially those using molecular clocks which require a robust, reliable fossil record. Questions: What are the most reliable fossil records of Celastraceae? What morphological characters are used to assign fossils in the family? Study site and dates: Compilation of records contained in paleontological databases, and paleobotanical literature, covering publications from 1869 to 2018. Methods: Published information on the Celastraceae fossil record was compiled and analyzed using the most recent classification system and specialized literature on the family. Results: A total of 168 fossil records were examined, of which nine are proposed for use as molecular clock calibration points. Each specimen has a description based on a character set used for its identification, a photograph and/or illustration, their geological age is well supported, their geographic origin is known, and the specimens are in accredited home institutions with publicly accessible collections. Conclusions: The identification and establishment of relationships between fossil and extant taxa have important limitations that depend on the critical interpretation of morphology in a phylogenetic context. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate only those morphological studies in Celastraceae that help clarify its fossil record.

scholarly journals Taxonomical and Comparative morphological study for two wild species of the genus Chaenorhinum (D.C.) Reichb. (Scrophulariaceae) in Iraq.

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
The Family

Comparative morphological study has been treated for two species of the genus Chaenorhinum (D.C.) Richb., These species were: 1. Chaenorhinum calycinum 2. Chaenorhinum rubrifolium (Robill. & cast. Ex Lam. & DC.) Fourr. The genus belong to the family Scorphulariaceae. Morphological characters has been studies for: root, stem, leaves, flowers (calyx, corolla, androcium including filaments and anthers, gynocium including ovary, style and stigma), fruits and seeds also has been characterized. Key for there two species presented using some quantitative characters. Other characters like shape of fruits and seeds were used too, and they were of a useful taxonomic value

scholarly journals Re-Evaluation of Morphological Characters Questions Current Views of Pinniped Origins

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Koretsky ◽  
L. G. Barnes ◽  
S. J. Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
The Family

Abstract The origin of pinnipeds has been a contentious issue, with opposite sides debating monophyly or diphyly. This review uses evidence from the fossil record, combined with comparative morphology, molecular and cytogenetic investigations to evaluate the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships of living and fossil otarioid and phocoid pinnipeds. Molecular investigations support a monophyletic origin of pinnipeds, but disregard vital morphological data. Likewise, morphological studies support diphyly, but overlook molecular analyses. This review will demonstrate that a monophyletic origin of pinnipeds should not be completely accepted, as is the current ideology, and a diphyletic origin remains viable due to morphological and paleobiological analyses. Critical examination of certain characters, used by supporters of pinniped monophyly, reveals different polarities, variability, or simply convergence. The paleontological record and our morphological analysis of important characters supports a diphyletic origin of pinnipeds, with otarioids likely arising in the North Pacific from large, bear-like animals and phocids arising in the North Atlantic from smaller, otter-like ancestors. Although members of both groups are known by Late Oligocene time, each developed and invaded the aquatic environment separately from their much earlier, common arctoid ancestor. Therefore, we treat the superfamily Otarioidea as being monophyletic, including the families Enaliarctidae, Otariidae (fur seals/sea lions), Desmatophocidae, and Odobenidae (walruses and extinct relatives), and the superfamily Phocoidea as monophyletic, including only the family Phocidae, with four subfamilies (Devinophocinae, Phocinae, Monachinae, and Cystophorinae).

scholarly journals Taxonomic studies on the gaudy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Pyrgomorphoidea: Pyrgomorphidae) from the northeastern states of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 12953-12968 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Imran Khan ◽  
M. Kamil Usmani ◽  
Shahnila Usmani ◽  
Hira Naz
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

A survey of the northeastern states of India recorded 10 species representing five genera belonging to four tribes of the family Pyrgomorphidae.  For identification, in addition to conventional morphological characters, the detailed structures of male and female genitalia were also included.  All the genera studied are described.  Morphometry and distribution of each species are also given. 

scholarly journals Morphological studies of pleids (hemiptera: pleidae) using sem

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-483
Author(s):  
Miriam Cecilia Vassou
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Freshwater Bodies ◽  
Aquatic Bugs ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Chennai City ◽  
Taxonomical Study

Family Pleidae includes the truly aquatic bugs called pleids, commonly known as pigmy backswimmers. Taxonomic studies traditionally used morphological features in identification of a species and development of key or the world catalogue. This resulted in ambiguity and incompleteness in the taxa of various families. The present study deals with utility of scanning electron microscope as a tool in identification of the species of the family Pleidae in freshwater bodies of Chennai City – Paraplea frontalis. Varies body parts (Rostrum, antennae, legs, ventral region of the body) of the bug were scanned to observe additional morphological features hitherto not reported. SEM is a common tool used for insect study. In the present study, Sem is used in the taxonomical study of pleids

Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

Baetis majus sp. nov., new species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Far East of Russia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4965 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-557
Author(s):  
TATIANA M. TIUNOVA ◽  
ALEXANDER A. SEMENCHENKO ◽  
XIAOLI TONG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Nearest Neighbours ◽  
Differential Identification ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Western Palaearctic

A new species, Baetis majus Tiunova sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on larvae and reared adults discovered in the Russian Far East. The differential identification of this species was determined by the characteristics of other representatives of the genus Baetis Leach, including subgenera Baetis Leach and Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang from Eastern and Western Palaearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions. In addition to morphological studies, DNA barcoding of the described species with average intraspecific K2P distances to nearest neighbours is documented. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of all available cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of the subgenera of Baetis and Tenuibaetis from four regions. Bayesian analysis using 47 morphological characters additional to partial COI sequences did not allow to determine the species-group of the Baetis genus to which the described species belongs. 

Contribution to the Morphology of a Pine Web-spinning Sawfly, Cephalcia marginata Middlekauff (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 382-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rivard
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject

In studies of sawflies, the family Pamphiliidae has been much neglected especially from the morphological stand point. Yuasa (1922) made a study of the larvae, but the genus Cephalcia was dealt with rather briefly. Ross (1937) and Benson (1945) made comparative morphological studies of the adults and showed the phylogenetic position of the family. More recently, Middlekauff (1953) published a description of Cephalcia marginata, a pine web-spinning sawfly which was the subject of the present study.

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