PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: IV. PURITY OF THE LEVOROTATORY 2,3-BUTANEDIOL PRODUCED BY AEROBACILLUS POLYMYXA

1945 ◽  
Vol 23b (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Crystallization ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Pure Isomer ◽  
Acid Phthalate

The levorotatory 2,3-butanediol produced by Aerobacillus polymyxa was shown to be a pure isomer, with [Formula: see text], by fractional distillation through a Stedman column and fractional crystallization of the mono-acid d-camphorate and mono-acid phthalate. The methods used were shown to be sensitive enough to detect 1 to 2% of the meso- or dextro-isomers dissolved in the levo-isomer.

Concentration of Grapefruit Essential oil by Fractional Distillation

Planta Medica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Monsef-Esfahani ◽  
Y Amanzade ◽  
R Hajiaghaee ◽  
F Mahdavi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Fractional Distillation

Renewable Diesel Blendstocks and Biopriviliged Chemicals Distilled from Algal Biocrude Oil Converted via Hydrothermal Liquefaction

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ting (Grace) Chen ◽  
Zhenwei Wu ◽  
Buchun Si ◽  
Yuanhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Renewable Diesel ◽  
Commodity Chemicals ◽  
Biocrude Oil ◽  
Specification Analysis

This study aims to produce renewable diesel and biopriviliged chemicals from microalgae that can thrive in wastewater environment. <i>Spirulina</i> (SP) was converted into biocrude oil at 300ºC for a 30-minute reaction time via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). Next, fractional distillation was used to separate SP-derived biocrude oil into different distillates. It was found that 62% of the viscous SP-derived biocrude oil can be separated into liquids at about 270ºC (steam temperature of the distillation). Physicochemical characterizations, including density, viscosity, acidity, elemental compositions, higher heating values and chemical compositions, were carried out with the distillates separated from SP-derived biocrude oil. These analyses showed that 15% distillates could be used as renewable diesel because they have similar heating values (43-46 MJ/kg) and carbon numbers (ranging from C8 to C18) to petroleum diesel. The Van Krevelan diagram of the distillates suggests that deoxygenation was effectively achieved by fractional distillation. In addition, GC-MS analysis indicates that some distillates contain biopriviliged chemicals like aromatics, phenols and fatty nitriles that can be used as commodity chemicals. An algal biorefinery roadmap was proposed based on the analyses of different distillates from the SP-derived biocrude oil. Finally, the fuel specification analysis was conducted with the drop-in renewable diesel, which was prepared with 10 vol.% (HTL10) distillates and 90 vol.% petroleum diesel. According to the fuel specification analysis, HTL10 exhibited a qualified lubricity (<520 µm), acidity (<0.3 mg KOH/g) and oxidation stability (>6 hr), as well as a comparable net heat of combustion (1% lower), ash content (29% lower) and viscosity (17% lower) to those of petroleum diesel. Ultimately, it is expected that this study can provide insights for potential application of algal biocrude oil converted via HTL.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION OF MICROALGAE CRUDE OIL FOR PURE HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iago Costa ◽  
Wellington Balmant ◽  
JOSÉ VIRIATO COELHO VARGAS ◽  
Luiz Rigatti ◽  
Matias Nicolas Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Pure Hydrocarbon

Effect of trytophan as dopant on potassium acid phthalate single crystals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slow Evaporation Technique ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Potassium Acid Phthalate ◽  
Acid Phthalate

Optically transparent single crystals of potassium acid phthalate (KAP, 0.5 g) 0.05 g and 0.1 g (1 and 2 mol %) trytophan were grown in aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Single crystal X- ray diffraction analysis confirmed the changes in the lattice parameters of the doped crystals. The presence of functional groups in the crystal lattice has been determined qualitatively by FTIR analysis. Optical absorption studies revealed that the doped crystals possess very low absorption in the entire visible region. The dielectric constant has been studied as a function of frequency for the doped crystals. The thermal stability was evaluated by TG-DSC analysis.

Ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite complexes as a result of two-stage melting of mantle plume: evidence from the mid-paleoproterozoic Tiksheozero intrusion, Northern Karelia, Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-465
Author(s):  
E. V. Sharkov ◽  
A. V. Chistyakov ◽  
M. M. Bogina ◽  
O. A. Bogatikov ◽  
V. V. Shchiptsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Crystallization ◽  
Mantle Plume ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Intrusive Complex ◽  
Incongruent Melting ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Alkaline Magmas

Tiksheozero ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite intrusive complex, like numerous carbonatite-bearing complexes of similar composition, is a part of large igneous province, related to the ascent of thermochemical mantle plume. Our geochemical and isotopic data evidence that ultramafites and alkaline rocks are joined by fractional crystallization, whereas carbonatitic magmas has independent origin. We suggest that origin of parental magmas of the Tiksheozero complex, as well as other ultramafic-alkaline-carbonatite complexes, was provided by two-stage melting of the mantle-plume head: 1) adiabatic melting of its inner part, which produced moderately-alkaline picrites, which fractional crystallization led to appearance of alkaline magmas, and 2) incongruent melting of the upper cooled margin of the plume head under the influence of CO2-rich fluids  that arrived from underlying zone of adiabatic melting gave rise to carbonatite magmas.

Monitoring the Fractional Distillation Purification of Inorganic Hydrides by Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1284-1289
Author(s):  
Ya. Ya. Ponurovskii ◽  
D. B. Stavrovskii ◽  
Yu. P. Shapovalov ◽  
M. V. Spiridonov ◽  
A. S. Kuz’michev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diode Laser ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Fractional Distillation ◽  
Laser Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Absorption ◽  
Diode Laser Absorption
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