STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF CEREAL GRAINS: III. THE INFLUENCE OF ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY AND MOULD INFECTION ON THE CARBON DIOXIDE OUTPUT OF WHEAT

1944 ◽  
Vol 22c (4) ◽  
pp. 150-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Leach
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Atmospheric Humidity ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Micro Organisms

Under the experimental procedure used in these researches it was found that wheat, when kept at 25 °C. in atmospheres of relative humidities between approximately 92 and 100%, showed a continuously accelerating rate of carbon dioxide output. This acceleration of rate increased as the relative humidity of the surrounding air was increased and was more pronounced in wheat from which the germs had been removed than in undamaged wheat. Where unlimited absorption of water and germination of the wheat are prevented, the carbon dioxide production by the grain is due almost entirely to the respiration of micro-organisms that infect it.

THE AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF GLUCOSE IN PODSOL SOILS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (4) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. H. Gray ◽  
C. B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Aerobic Decomposition ◽  
Micro Organisms

The decomposition of glucose in samples from cultivated podsol soils of the Appalachian upland region of Quebec Province was effected rapidly by aerobic micro-organisms without the aid of added nitrogen. Potassium nitrate stimulated the rate of carbon dioxide production from glucose added to soil; the rate increased chiefly during the early stages while glucose was still present, and bacterial numbers were rising. Fungi developed high numbers later than the bacteria; they developed especially in soil to which glycine was added with the glucose. Biological activity was stimulated in soils in which glucose had previously been decomposed. The decomposition of the glucose appears to release other sources of available food material.

NITRIFICATION UNDER AND AFTER ALFALFA, BROME, TIMOTHY, AND WESTERN RYE GRASS: IV. OXIDATION-REDUCTION POTENTIALS AND CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (4) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
J. G. Malloch ◽  
R. S. Young
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Decomposing Residues

Changes in the redox potentials of the soils and crop residues were caused mainly by the action of micro-organisms. No relation between the potential measurements and the yield or composition of the crops in the field could be demonstrated. All four forage plants have some fraction that was responsible for a marked drift in potential, but which disappeared early in the process of decomposition.The greatest production of carbon dioxide occurred in soils under the hay crops, and it decreased with lapse of time after breaking. The production was greatest under and after alfalfa followed by brome. When the composition of the crop residues is taken into account, a relation between the carbon dioxide production and nitrate production can be demonstrated. The carbon dioxide production of decomposing residues decreases rapidly from a high initial value, giving further evidence of the presence of a readily decomposable constituent.

THE RESPONSE OF POTATO TUBERS TO A PERIOD OF ANAEROBIOSIS: I. DRIFTS IN CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-62
Author(s):  
Dorothy F. Forward
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Permanent Displacement ◽  
Metabolic State ◽  
Effect Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
After Effect

A survey of the course of carbon dioxide output of potato tubers upon transfer from air to nitrogen shows that the form of drift in nitrogen undergoes metamorphosis with the lapse of time between harvest and the anaerobic experience. A stable form is attained about three months from harvest.On restoration of air after nitrogen a temporary outburst of carbon dioxide occurs, and both form and magnitude of this after-effect change with time elapsed after harvest. The magnitude is also influenced by the duration of anaerobiosis. At any season, increased time in nitrogen produces an increased after-effect of more than proportionate magnitude. The rate of carbon dioxide output in air after nitrogen ultimately becomes steady, but is not necessarily equivalent to that preceding anaerobiosis. For the space of about three months, subjecting a tuber to nitrogen for two days or more at 22 °C. causes the ultimate rate of carbon dioxide output in air to remain well above that preceding anaerobiosis, while it bears a constant ratio to the final rate in nitrogen before air was restored. This permanent displacement of the rate in air is not at any time brought about by an anaerobic period of only one day.The nature of the drifts in metabolic state of the tubers that underlie these metamorphic changes in response to a period of anaerobiosis is still under investigation.

Respiratory activity of fungal associations in zones of heart rot and stain in sugar maple

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Good ◽  
J. T. Basham ◽  
S. D. Kadzielawa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Fungal Associations

Some of the progressive changes in decay in maple trees were studied by comparing total activity of the decay community (as measured by carbon dioxide output of excised samples), water content, pH, and predominant microorganisms (as shown by isolation on malt agar) in zones selected across the pocket of decay.Four trees from which Fomes igniarius were isolated gave consistent results with alkaline pH, high moisture content, and a predominance of imperfect fungi in the zones of incipient decay. Surprisingly, these zones showed the highest rates of carbon dioxide output, though they were only slightly higher than those of the transition zones. The center, severely decayed, parts of the trees were slightly acid, appreciably drier, and contained F. igniarius in abundance. They showed only about half the rate of carbon dioxide production of the outer zones. A section of rot caused by Polyporus glomeratus corresponded in most respects to those with F. igniarius.In samples of two regions from which no basidiomycete decay fungus was isolated, the pattern was completely different. In these the pH was consistently alkaline all across the pocket, exceeding pH 9 in one central area, and was highest in the central zone. The moisture content of these two trees was very high, being highest in the central zones, and the carbon dioxide production was much higher than that of the F. igniarius decays.

STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF CEREAL GRAINS: I. THE OUTPUT OF CARBON DIOXIDE BY WHEAT GRAINS DURING ABSORPTION OF WATER AND GERMINATION

1942 ◽  
Vol 20c (3) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Leach
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Slow Rate ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Water Absorption Rate

The course of respiration during the early stages of germination is recorded for a number of varieties of bread and durum wheats. Germination is marked by three consecutive respiratory stages which are characterized by the rate at which the acceleration in carbon dioxide output occurs. These stages are (a) a slow rate of acceleration, (b) an increased rate followed by a decreasing rate, and (c) a final uniform and relatively high rate. Water absorption rate under the experimental conditions used does not appear to affect these respiratory stages. The infection of germinating grains by fungi reduces their respiration. Possible physiological explanations of the respiration stages are discussed.

Global carbon dioxide output of volcanic lakes in the Azores archipelago, Portugal

2021 ◽  
pp. 106835
Author(s):  
César Andrade ◽  
Fátima Viveiros ◽  
J. Virgílio Cruz ◽  
Rui Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Azores Archipelago ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output ◽  
Volcanic Lakes ◽  
Global Carbon
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