GROWTH OF THE SALMON EMBRYO

1943 ◽  
Vol 21d (2) ◽  
pp. 19-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Hayes ◽  
F. H. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Random Errors ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Cycle Growth ◽  
Zero Time

Wet and dry weights of Atlantic salmon are given up to the end of yolk sac absorption, and from them the growth rates are determined. Attempts are made to smooth the growth curve by the methods of Brody, Murray-Schmalhausen, and MacDowell et al. Of these the last is best taking zero time as nine days after fertilization. It is concluded that, as to weight, the interval considered ends before the point of inflection of a Sachs growth cycle. Growth in length, however, represents a complete cycle, hence there can be no simple quantitative relation between length and weight. Deviations from the smoothly descending relative growth rate (RGR or Minot) curve are considered, with the conclusion that all such irregularities so far presented can be attributed to random errors (except possibly the posthatching rise in RGR of the trout at 12° reported by Wood). In general weighing is not sufficiently sensitive as a method, to permit a detailed description of the RGR.

The Relative Growth of Parts in Palaemon Carcinus

1930 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
M. A. TAZELAAR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Linear measurements of certain appendages and the carapace of P. carcinus were made and plotted in various ways. The following conclusions were drawn: 1. The cheliped shows heterogonic growth in both male and female, but more markedly in the male, the values of k being: male 1.8 and female 1.48 2. The pereiopods in both male and female are slightly heterogonic. The relative growth rates are graded from p3 to p5, that of p3 being slightly greater than that of p5 3. Of the ordinary pereiopods the rate of growth of p1 is the smallest in the male, but the largest in the female. 4. The difference between the rates of growth of p1 and p3 in male and female is greatest where the rate of growth in the heterogonic organ, the cheliped, is most excessive in the male. 5. The growth of the 3rd maxilliped is slightly negatively heterogonic, the value of k in the male being 0.93 and in the female 0.95. Hence there seems to be a correlation between the marked heterogony in the cheliped on the growth rate of neighbouring appendages. In those immediately posterior to the cheliped the growth rate is increased and in those anterior decreased.

A Novel Unification Method to Characterize a Broad Class of Growth Curve Models Using Relative Growth Rate

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2529-2552
Author(s):  
Biman Chakraborty ◽  
Amiya Ranjan Bhowmick ◽  
Joydev Chattopadhyay ◽  
Sabyasachi Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Broad Class ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Growth Curve Models

Effect of a pesticide pentachlorophenol on soil microflora. III. Growth rates as an index of pesticide resistance of bacterial groups isolated from soil

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 819-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Soil Microflora ◽  
Pesticide Resistance ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Pentachlorophenol resistance was investigated in bacteria isolated from glycine- or water-percolated soils where the bacterial flora was modified by the addition of pentachloropenol. The strains isolated from the water-percolated soil amended with PCP had the highest resistance, and the addition of glycine to the percolated soil weakened the resistance. The strains from the glycine-percolated soil without pentachlorophenol had a medium degree of resistance, and the resistance of the strains from the water-percolated soil without PCP was the lowest. The bacterial groups were sorted taxonomically; differences in pentachloropenol resistance were correlated with taxonomic groupings. Relative growth rate in the presence of pentachlorophenol was proposed as a useful means to distinguish among the bacterial species.

Analyzing growth in cell cultures. I. Calculating growth rates

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Constant Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Growing Cell ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Plant Tissue Cultures

Growth is the major parameter used to assess novel phenotypes derived from plant tissue cultures. Any quantitative analysis of growth must have an explicit rational basis. Frequently this criterion is not met. For example, the calculation (W2 − W1)/W1(W1 = initial weight; W2 = final weight) approximates neither linear nor exponential growth. Yet, it is a common method of analysis, as is the related calculation W2/W1. When absolute growth values provide insufficient information, meaningful relative growth rate equations can be utilized. Relative growth rates should be evaluated as ln (W2/W1)/(t2 − t1) for t = time, thereby yielding a constant growth rate for exponentially growing cell lines. Linear growth (root growth, for example) can be approximated by 2(W2 − W1)/((W1 + W2)(t2 − t1)). All methods of analysis we have encountered assume that relative growth at a given instant depends on total mass. The possibility exists that growth may actually be proportional to mass raised to some power less than one. For example, growth could be limited to a thin outer shell of a spherical callus. Then the relative growth rate would equal 3(W21/3 − W11/3)/(t2 − t1). Data can be seriously distorted when inappropriate calculations are used. Such distortions are exacerbated when comparisons are made. In all cases an adequate assessment of growth kinetics for each cell line and each treatment is essential.

Growth responses of six bryophyte species to different light intensities

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Plastic Responses

The growth responses of Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium praelongum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiomnium undulatum, Pseudoscleropodium purum, and Thuidiurn tamariscinum, growing under seven different light conditions, were determined in a 36-day laboratory experiment. Biomass production, relative growth rate, chlorophyll content, and morphological plastic responses (bending of the shoots) were determined following initial and final harvests. All species achieved greater biomass as irradiance increased. This trend was also observed in the relative growth rates, which were higher as irradiance increased, for all the bryophytes investigated. All species except L. bidentata showed an increased elevation of the shoot as irradiance decreased. Total chlorophyll was higher in all species at the lowest irradiance level, but no clear differences were observed in the ratios of chlorophyll a to b for all the species. Key words: grassland bryophytes, light intensity, growth analysis, plasticity.

scholarly journals Breast meat quality of chickens with divergent growth rates and its relation to growth curve parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp C. Muth ◽  
Anne Valle Zárate
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Slow Growing

Abstract. The effects of the increase of body weight of contemporary broilers during growth on functional meat quality and color characteristics of the chicken breast muscle are controversially debated. Therefore, male chickens (n = 264) of a fast-growing commercial broiler (Ross 308) and two slow-growing experimental meat-type chicken lines were compared at equal age and at similar body weight in order to investigate the effect of growth rate on selected functional breast meat traits and meat color. Additionally, the breast meat characteristics of birds with different growth profiles were compared within lines. When the body weight of commercial broilers reached about 40 to 60 % of their growth potential, they exhibited particularly high ultimate pH values compared with slow-growing lines. The ability of the meat of fast-growing broilers to retain water during cooking was impaired (5 to 16 percentage points increased cooking loss compared to slow-growing lines), which, in contrast to pH, was only marginally affected by body weight and/or age at slaughter. No unfavorable correlations of breast meat quality traits with the growth profile, represented by growth curve parameters derived from the Gompertz–Laird equation, were detected within any of the investigated chicken lines. It is noteworthy that the associations of ultimate pH and cooking loss with maximum growth speed indicate a non-linear relationship. Thus, some of the functional characteristics of breast meat of the fast-growing broiler resembled the white-striping defect described for poultry meat, but the hypothesis that selection on increased growth rates is detrimental for meat quality per se could not be confirmed. In fact, an elevated growth potential in particular, i.e., body weight at maturity, could have some beneficial effects for the water-holding capacity of breast meat, regardless of the genotypic growth rate.

scholarly journals Interrelationship of Nitrogen and Light on Episodic Growth of Ligustrum japonicum

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Kuehny ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Episodic Growth ◽  
Ligustrum Japonicum

Abstract Exclusion of nitrogen and light from existing leaves at initiation of an episode of shoot growth decreased shoot and root relative growth rate. The combination of both nitrogen and light exclusion synergistically impacted relative growth rate for shoot (RGRs) and relative growth rate for root (RGRr). The next episode of shoot growth provided sufficient leaf area for carbohydrate assimilation and maintaining shoot and root growth rates when light was excluded from mature leaves. A better understanding of the developmental and biochemical changes of this episodic species provided useful information for timing of fertilizer application and transplanting of Ligustrum and other episodic species.

Temperature and day length response of some cocksfoot populations

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
P BrouT ◽  
CN Williams ◽  
CA Neal-Smith ◽  
L Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance ◽  
Short Days

Seedling plants of seven cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) populations were exposed to day/night temperatures of 20/15, 15/10, 12/7, and 9/4°C at day lengths of either 8 or 16 hr. Leaf size, rate of leaf appearance, and relative growth rate decreased as temperature decreased. At higher temperatures, relative growth rate was greater in long than in short days, but at 9/4° it was greater in short days. Long days increased leaf size but slightly reduced the rate of leaf appearance at higher temperatures; the increased leaf size, however, more than compensated for the slightly lower rate of leaf appearance, so that relative growth rate was greater in long than in short days. At 9/4°, however, greater leaf size did not compensate for the much slower rate of leaf appearance in long days. Growth rates were consequently lower in long than in short days at 9/4°. The populations showed a general similarity in response, although significant differences between populations were recorded for particular treatments. There was no apparent relationship between seedling growth rates at low temperatures in this experiment and winter growth of these populations under field conditions.

La première feuille des plantules d'orge. II. Croissance en longueur

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2877-2881 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Silvy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Line Breeding ◽  
The Moment

The growth in length, of the first leaf was studied after an improvement by line breeding and seed grading. Similar to leaf initiation which occurs in two distinct periods for the blade and for the sheath, the growth curve of the whole leaf equals the sum of the growth curves for the blade and for the sheath, respectively. The relative growth rate for the whole leaf reaches a maximum, then decreases with a shoulder. The maximum corresponds to the greatest relative growth rate for the blade. The change in the rate of decrease corresponds to the beginning of the sheath growth at the moment when the blade is emerging.

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