STARCH CONTENT OF WESTERN CANADIAN WHEAT

1943 ◽  
Vol 21c (5) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Eva ◽  
I. Levi ◽  
J. A. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Moisture Basis ◽  
The Mean

Determinations of starch content have been made on 140 samples representing the principal grades of wheat passing through the larger inspection offices in Western Canada during the first five months of 1942–43 crop year and the whole of each of the three preceding crop years. The analytical method employed was Clendenning's modification of the Mannich–Lenz procedure, and the standard error of the mean of duplicate determinations was 0.17. The mean starch content for all samples was 52.5% on a 13.5% moisture basis (60.7%, dry basis); the maximum value was 56.2% and the minimum 48.2%. The Garnet grades and No. 5 wheat were high in starch content. Durum and Alberta winter wheats were also high in starch, particularly in 1942. Grades 1 to 4 Northern, which comprise the bulk of the wheat marketed in Western Canada, had an average starch content of 52.5%; but the starch levels for these grades at Edmonton were consistently higher at 53.5 to 54.5%.

Multi-Center Calibration of the Second Reference Material for Thromboplastin, Rabbit, Plain, Coded CRM 149R

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Reference Material ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Significant Bias ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryIn a collaborative trial of eleven laboratories which was performed mainly within the framework of the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR), a second reference material for thromboplastin, rabbit, plain, was calibrated against its predecessor RBT/79. This second reference material (coded CRM 149R) has a mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of 1.343 with a standard error of the mean of 0.035. The standard error of the ISI was determined by combination of the standard errors of the ISI of RBT/79 and the slope of the calibration line in this trial.The BCR reference material for thromboplastin, human, plain (coded BCT/099) was also included in this trial for assessment of the long-term stability of the relationship with RBT/79. The results indicated that this relationship has not changed over a period of 8 years. The interlaboratory variation of the slope of the relationship between CRM 149R and RBT/79 was significantly lower than the variation of the slope of the relationship between BCT/099 and RBT/79. In addition to the manual technique, a semi-automatic coagulometer according to Schnitger & Gross was used to determine prothrombin times with CRM 149R. The mean ISI of CRM 149R was not affected by replacement of the manual technique by this particular coagulometer.Two lyophilized plasmas were included in this trial. The mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and CRM 149R based on the two lyophilized plasmas was the same as the corresponding slope based on fresh plasmas. Tlowever, the mean slope of relationship between RBT/79 and BCT/099 based on the two lyophilized plasmas was 4.9% higher than the mean slope based on fresh plasmas. Thus, the use of these lyophilized plasmas induced a small but significant bias in the slope of relationship between these thromboplastins of different species.

scholarly journals Statistical Characteristics of Unsteady Storms in Radar Observations for the Beijing–Tianjin Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Hong-Qing Wang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Yin-Jing Lin ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wind Profiles

AbstractThis study was designed to provide basic information for the improvement of storm nowcasting. According to the mean direction deviation of storm movement, storms were classified into three types: 1) steady storms (S storms, extrapolated efficiently), 2) unsteady storms (U storms, extrapolated poorly), and 3) transitional storms (T storms). The U storms do not fit the linear extrapolation processes because of their unsteady movements. A 6-yr warm-season radar observation dataset was used to highlight and analyze the differences between U storms and S storms. The analysis included geometric features, dynamic factors, and environmental parameters. The results showed that storms with the following characteristics changed movement direction most easily in the Beijing–Tianjin region: 1) smaller storm area, 2) lower thickness (echo-top height minus base height), 3) lower movement speed, 4) weaker updrafts and the maximum value located in the mid- and upper troposphere, 5) storm-relative vertical wind profiles dominated by directional shear instead of speed shear, 6) lower relative humidity in the mid- and upper troposphere, and 7) higher surface evaporation and ground roughness.

A survey of variation in the chemical composition of commercial canola meal produced in Western Canadian crushing plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
M. O. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Press Cake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Composition Variation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Canola samples of whole seed, press cake and commercial meal (CM) were collected from seven canola-crushing plants in Western Canada over 4 successive weeks to assess nutrient and glucosinolate content and variability. The CM data are described in this report. The mean concentrations in CM (dry matter (DM) basis) were: in %, crude protein (N × 6.25) 41.85; ether extract 3.92; crude fiber 13.13; neutral detergent fiber 23.54; acid detergent fiber 19.09; and in MJ kg−1, gross energy 20.36. The mean mineral concentrations were, in percent, calcium 0.70; magnesium 0.57; phosphorus 1.13; potassium 1.35; sulfur 0.94; and in μg g−1, copper 6.34; iron 157; manganese 54.7; molybdenum 1.5; selenium 1.22; zinc 75.8. Total aliphatic glucosinolate concentrations (oil-free DM basis) ranged from 6.26 to 28.42 μmol g−1 for different plants, mean 16.20; indolyl glucosinolate concentrations were from 0.56 to 9.49 μmol g−1. Small and variable amounts of allyl and hydroxybenzyl glucosinolates due to weed seed contamination were found. Myrosinase activity (thioglucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.3.1) averaged 0.15% of that in the corresponding canola seed. Differences among crushing plants were due mainly to regional environmental factors, cultivars used and, for lysine and glucosinolates, processing conditions mainly in the desolventizer toaster stage. Key words: Canola, meal, composition, variation, regional, Western Canada

scholarly journals An alternative to the rejection of observations

1932 ◽  
Vol 137 (831) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Continuous Function ◽  
Large Deviations ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cause Of Error ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Normal Law ◽  
Usual Rule

1. It is widely felt that any method of rejecting observations with large deviations from the mean is open to some suspicion. Suppose that by some criterion, such as Peirce’s and Chauvenet’s, we decide to reject observations with deviations greater than 4 σ, where σ is the standard error, computed from the standard deviation by the usual rule; then we reject an observation deviating by 4·5 σ, and thereby alter the mean by about 4·5 σ/ n , where n is the number of observations, and at the same time we reduce the computed standard error. This may lead to the rejection of another observation deviating from the original mean by less than 4 σ, and if the process is repeated the mean may be shifted so much as to lead to doubt as to whether it is really sufficiently representative of the observations. In many cases, where we suspect that some abnormal cause has affected a fraction of the observations, there is a legitimate doubt as to whether it has affected a particular observation. Suppose that we have 50 observations. Then there is an even chance, according to the normal law, of a deviation exceeding 2·33 σ. But a deviation of 3 σ or more is not impossible, and if we make a mistake in rejecting it the mean of the remainder is not the most probable value. On the other hand, an observation deviating by only 2 σ may be affected by an abnormal cause of error, and then we should err in retaining it, even though no existing rule will instruct us to reject such an observation. It seems clear that the probability that a given observation has been affected by an abnormal cause of error is a continuous function of the deviation; it is never certain or impossible that it has been so affected, and a process that completely rejects certain observations, while retaining with full weight others with comparable deviations, possibly in the opposite direction, is unsatisfactory in principle.

scholarly journals On some continuous observations of the rate of dissipation of electric charges in the open air

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (508) ◽  
pp. 152-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Similar Work ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Variable Quantity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Atmospheric Conductivity ◽  
Rate Of Dissipation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Sea Coast

During the latter part of 1902 and the early months of 1903 I resolved to take as many observations of the rates of dissipation of positive and negative electric charges as possible, and to continue them over the whole 24 hours of the day, and, when opportunity offered, over longer periods. There appeared to be little information regarding the rate of dispersion during the night hours. At about the same time that these observations were being made, Nilsson was doing similar work at Upsala, and found a noticeable maximum value for atmospheric conductivity at about midnight. The observations were made on the Canterbury Plains of New Zealand, at a station about 20 feet above sea-level and about five miles due west from the sea coast. The apparatus used was Elster and Geitel’s Zerstreuungs- apparat , and the formula of reduction used was that given by them, viz:- E = 1/ t log V 0 /V- n / t ' log V' 0 /V' . In this formula E is proportional to the conductivity of the gas surrounding the instrument—for positive or negative charges, as the case may be. The constant “ n ” = ratio of capacity without cylinder ____________________________________ capacity with cylinder was determined by me to be 0·47, as the instrument was always used, with the protecting cover. The cover was always at one height above the base of the instrument, and was set so as to be as nearly co-axial with the discharging cylinder as could be judged by eye. No attempt was made to determine the actual capacity of the condenser cylinder and protecting cover, which would be a somewhat variable quantity owing- (1) to the differences on different days in attempting to cause the two to be co-axial; (2) to a certain amount of looseness in the fit of the shank of the cylinder on to its hole. The value above given for “ n "is the mean of several deter­minations made with different settings of the cover and cylinder. The individual values of “ n ” varied over about 0.03.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization and genetic diversity in lentil (Lens culinaris medikus ssp. Culinaris) germplasm

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
KU Ahamed ◽  
B Akhter ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MR Humaun ◽  
MJ Alam
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Genetic divergence of 110 lentil germplasm with checks was assessed based on morphological traits using multivariate analysis. Mahalanobis generalized distance (D2) analysis was used to group the lentil genotypes. Significant variations among lentil genotypes were observed in respect of days to 1st flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, and number of pods per peduncle, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100 seed weight and yield per plant. Considering the mean values, the germplasm were grouped into ten clusters. The highest number of genotypes (17) was in cluster X and lowest (5) both in cluster II and IV. Cluster IV had the highest cluster mean for number of pods per plant (297.08), number of seeds per plant (594.16), 100 seed weight (1.44 g) and yield per plant (8.53 g). Among them, the highest inter-cluster distance was obtained between the cluster IV and I (24.61) followed by IV and III (22.33), while the lowest was between IX and II (1.63). The maximum value of inter-cluster distance indicated that genotypes belonging to cluster IV were far diverged from those of cluster I. The first female flower initiation was earlier in BD-3812 (49 days) in cluster I and cluster IV had highest grain yield per plant (8.53). BD-3807 produced significant maximum number of pods per plant (298.40) in cluster IV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21095 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (1): 70-76, June, 2014

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF BIOANALYTICAL HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CILNIDIPINE AND NEBIVOLOL IN HUMAN PLASMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Aruna G. ◽  
Bharathi K ◽  
Kvsrg Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Bioanalytical Method Validation ◽  
Limit Of Quantitation ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To develop and validate a modified isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for determination of cilnidipine and nebivolol in human plasma to be used for pharmacokinetic studies.Methods: The drug was extracted from plasma samples by direct protein precipitation technique using acetonitrile. Amlodipine was used as internal standard (IS). Samples were analyzed on BDS C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm), applying ortho phosphoric acid (0.1%): Acetonitrile, at a ratio of 45:55 v/v in isocratic mode as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min to attain adequate resolution. Separations were performed at room temperature and monitored at a wavelength of 260 nm after injection of 50μl samples into the HPLC system. The analytical method was validated according to FDA bioanalytical method validation guidance. The method was applied for pharmacokinetic study of cilnidipine and nebivolol tablets-10 mg and 5 mg were administered as a single dose to 6 healthy male rabbits under fasting condition. Twelve blood samples were withdrawn from each rabbit over 24 h periods. From the plasma concentration-time data of each individual, the pharmacokinetic parameters; Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were calculated.Results: A peak area was obtained for cilnidipine and nebivolol at 3.943 and 4.719 min retention time respectively. Linearity was established at a concentration range of 0.20-20 μg/ml (r2=0.999, n=8) for cilnidipine and 0.02-2 μg/ml (r2=0.999, n=8) for nebivolol. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was identifiable and reproducible at 0.2μg/ml for cilnidipine and 0.02 μg/ml for nebivolol. The coefficients of variation (%cv) of the intra-day and inter-day precision of cilnidipine at 600, 1000 and 1600ng/ml levels were found to be 6.90%, 6.19%, 5.22%; and 7.74%, 6.54%, 5.77%, respectively, which are lower than the accepted criteria limits (15-20 %). The mean recovery (%) cilnidipine at 600, 1000, and 1600ng/ml was found to be 101.03%, 99.27% and 104.87%, and for nebivolol 60, 100, and 160 ng/ml was found to be 106.13%, 107.03% and 98.06% respectively. Stability at different conditions and in autosampler was also established. The mean pharmacokinetic parameters; Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ were 6 ng/ml, 2 hr, 96.76 mg. hr/ml, 63.45 mg. hr/ml for cilnidipine and 5.8ng/ml, 2hr, 74.78 mg. hr/ml, 100.25 mg. hr/ml for nebivolol respectively.Conclusion: The present analytical method was found to be specific, sensitive, accurate and precise for quantification of cilnidipine and nebivolol in human plasma. It can be successively applied for pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.

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