PRESERVATION OF EGGS. I.: TREATMENTS FOR MAINTAINING QUALITY IN SHELL EGGS AT ORDINARY TEMPERATURES

1942 ◽  
Vol 20d (3) ◽  
pp. 57-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Rosser ◽  
W. H. White ◽  
A. H. Woodcock ◽  
D. A. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Mould Growth ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Subsequent Storage ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Moisture Resistant ◽  
Effective Growth

Cultural studies demonstrated the fungicidal value of urea and dimethylol urea and the effectiveness of the vapours of certain volatile solids as mould growth inhibitors. A method for preparing sterile artificial eggs for mould studies was developed.Investigations on 21 treatments for preserving eggs at high temperatures indicated that the best results would be obtained by the following procedure: conditioning with carbon dioxide to lower the pH, treating shell surfaces with a disinfectant to reduce contamination followed by effective sealing, preferably with a substance having properties that would prevent both growth and entrance of contaminants during subsequent storage. Dimethylol urea was the most effective growth inhibitor for micro-organisms and vaseline proved to be the best sealing agent. Satisfactory results were obtained by dipping eggs in polyvinyl alcohol treated with dimethylol urea and by packing oil dipped eggs in moisture resistant bags.

Iodothiophenes and Related Compounds as Coupling Partners in Copper-Mediated N-Arylation of Anilines

Synthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghenia Bentabed-Ababsa ◽  
Laurent Picot ◽  
Florence Mongin ◽  
Salima Bouarfa ◽  
William Erb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Electrophilic Substitution ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Dibutyl Ether ◽  
Subsequent Cyclization ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Effective Growth

Abstract N-Arylation of various 2-acylated anilines with different electron-rich heteroaryl iodides (2- and 3-iodothiophenes, 2- and 3-iodobenzothiophenes­, 2-iodobenzofuran) was achieved by using activated copper and potassium carbonate in dibutyl ether at reflux. The reactivity of the different heteroaryl iodides and anilines employed was discussed and rationalized on the basis of their electronic features. Subsequent cyclization by aromatic electrophilic substitution easily took place in the case of C2-free (benzo)thienyl or C3-free (benzo)furyl derivatives­, affording original tri- and tetracycles. The antiproliferative activity of most of them was evaluated in A2058 melanoma cells and revealed four chlorinated tetracycles as effective growth inhibitors.

scholarly journals In VitroInhibition ofHelicobacter pyloriGrowth by Redox Cycling Phenylaminojuglones

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Benites ◽  
Héctor Toledo ◽  
Felipe Salas ◽  
Angélica Guerrero ◽  
David Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
H Pylori

Infection byHelicobacter pyloriincreases 10 times the risk of developing gastric cancer. Juglone, a natural occurring 1,4-naphthoquinone, preventsH. pylorigrowth by interfering with some of its critical metabolic pathways. Here, we report the design, synthesis, andin vitroevaluation of a series of juglone derivatives, namely, 2/3-phenylaminojuglones, as potentialH. pylorigrowth inhibitors. Results show that 5 out of 12 phenylaminojuglones (at 1.5 μg/mL) were 1.5–2.2-fold more active than juglone. Interestingly, most of the phenylaminojuglones (10 out of 12) were 1.1–2.8 fold more active than metronidazole, a knownH. pylorigrowth inhibitor. The most active compound, namely, 2-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)amino)-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione 7, showed significant higher halo of growth inhibitions (HGI = 32.25 mm) to that of juglone and metronidazole (HGI = 14.50 and 11.67 mm). Structural activity relationships of the series suggest that the nature and location of the nitrogen substituents in the juglone scaffold, likely due in part to their redox potential, may influence the antibacterial activity of the series.

A MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDY OF PODSOL SOIL PROFILES

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. H. Gray ◽  
N. B. McMaster
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Microbiological Study ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Reduced Activity ◽  
Production Of Ammonia

Microbiological studies of samples from the separate horizons and from different depths of soils of the Appalachian upland podsol group show that the activity of the micro-organisms is dependent upon the organic-matter relations in the horizons. The organic-matter horizon is biologically the most active, as shown by analyses for carbon dioxide, nitrate nitrogen, numbers of bacteria, and production of ammonia from urea. Evidence is submitted that the reduced activity of the leached layer and the horizons of accumulation is not due to toxic compounds produced by leaching of the organic matter.

THE AEROBIC DECOMPOSITION OF GLUCOSE IN PODSOL SOILS

1939 ◽  
Vol 17c (4) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. H. Gray ◽  
C. B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Aerobic Decomposition ◽  
Micro Organisms

The decomposition of glucose in samples from cultivated podsol soils of the Appalachian upland region of Quebec Province was effected rapidly by aerobic micro-organisms without the aid of added nitrogen. Potassium nitrate stimulated the rate of carbon dioxide production from glucose added to soil; the rate increased chiefly during the early stages while glucose was still present, and bacterial numbers were rising. Fungi developed high numbers later than the bacteria; they developed especially in soil to which glycine was added with the glucose. Biological activity was stimulated in soils in which glucose had previously been decomposed. The decomposition of the glucose appears to release other sources of available food material.

A Comparative Risk Assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in Prepackaged versus Retail-Sliced Deli Meat

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH ENDRIKAT ◽  
DANIEL GALLAGHER ◽  
RÉGIS POUILLOT ◽  
HEATHER HICKS QUESENBERRY ◽  
DAVID LaBARRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Comparative Risk ◽  
Inspection Service

Deli meat was ranked as the highest-risk ready-to-eat food vehicle of Listeria monocytogenes within the 2003 U.S. Food and Drug Administration and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service risk assessment. The comparative risk of L. monocytogenes in retail-sliced versus prepackaged deli meats was evaluated with a modified version of this model. Other research has found that retail-sliced deli meats have both higher prevalence and levels of L. monocytogenes than have product sliced and packaged at the manufacturer level. The updated risk assessment model considered slicing location as well as the use of growth inhibitors. The per annum comparative risk ratio for the number of deaths from retail-sliced versus prepackaged deli meats was found to be 4.89, and the per-serving comparative risk ratio was 4.27. There was a significant interaction between the use of growth inhibitors and slicing location. Almost 70% of the estimated deaths occurred from retail-sliced product that did not possess a growth inhibitor. A sensitivity analysis, assessing the effect of the model's consumer storage time and shelf life assumptions, found that even if retail-sliced deli meats were stored for a quarter of the time prepackaged deli meats were stored, retail-sliced product is 1.7 times more likely to result in death from listeriosis. Sensitivity analysis also showed that the shelf life assumption had little effect on the comparative risk ratio.

The Antimicrobial Effect of Fluorides (Acidulated Phosphate, Sodium and Stannous) on Actinomyces viscosus

1979 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1824-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Yoon ◽  
Charles W. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion Broth ◽  
Stannous Fluoride ◽  
Effective Growth

The effect of three commercially prepared fluoride compounds (acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23% F-, stannous fluoride 0.4%, and sodium fluoride 0.05%) diluted to various concentrations with brain heart infusion broth, on the growth of five strains of Actinomyces viscosus following 1 and 24 hours' exposure to the fluorides was studied. Results demonstrated that SnF2 was the most effective growth inhibitor of the organisms at 500 ppm F- after 1 hour and at 100 ppm F-after 24 hours' exposure. APF and NaF were not effective within a 1 hour exposure period, but did suppress growth of the organisms at 200 ppm in the cultures exposed for 24 hours.

The Comparison between Boron Carbide (B4C) with other Common Inhibitors on Physical and Mechanical Properties of WC/Co

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 102-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tamizifar ◽  
A.M. Hadian ◽  
M. Tamizifar
Keyword(s):  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Vanadium Carbide ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Hard Metal ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Hard Metals ◽  
Boron Carbide B4c

The hardness, toughness and sum of cracks measurement of fine-grained WC - Co hard metals were studied. Thirty commercial and experimental hard metal grades with different additives such as boron carbide ( B 4 C ), vanadium carbide ( VC ), chromium carbide ( Cr 3 C 2) and silicon carbide ( SiC ) were prepared in a commercial sinter HIP furnace. Physical, mechanical and microstructure properties were investigated to build up a representative hardness/sum of cracks measurement band. This band was then used to estimate the most effective sintering temperature and the amount of each additives. Afterwards, influence of grain growth inhibitors in optimum condition were compared. The results showed that the grades, doped with B 4 C and VC as growth inhibitor exhibits more hardness than other comparable doped alloys. However, Cr 3 C 2 is favorable in toughness improvement.

205. Methods of measuring gas production

1939 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Cream Cheese ◽  
Closed Container ◽  
Condensed Milk ◽  
Secondary Reactions ◽  
Micro Organisms

Gas production in dairy products is a subject of considerable importance, since it is responsible for certain defects in milk, cream, cheese and occasionally condensed milk. Four groups of micro-organisms are concerned, namely, yeasts, lactic acid bacteria, coliform bacteria and spore-forming anaerobes, and of these the fixs two produce carbon dioxide only while the last two produce a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen (with some anaerobes there may be methane as well). Where both gases are evolved the effectiveness of the two as regards ability to produce effervescence or to develop pressure in a closed container or in a hard-pressed substance like cheese differs by virtue of the fact that carbon dioxide is soluble in water (its solubility depending on the pressure and pH of the medium) while hydrogen is insoluble. Until the medium in which such micro-organisms are growing becomes saturated with carbon dioxide the effective gas production is therefore due to hydrogen. On the other hand, in some media the hydrogen may be involved in secondary reactions with some of the constituents while in the nascent condition and will therefore not form gas.

scholarly journals Biochemistry of waterlogged soils. Part III: Decomposition of carbohydrates with special reference to formation of organic acids

1929 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Subrahmanyan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Organic Matter Addition

(1) In absence of decomposing organic matter addition of nitrate led to no loss of nitrogen.(2) On addition of small quantities of fermentable matter such as glucose there was (a) rapid depletion of nitrates and oxygen, but no denitrification, and (b) increase in acidity, carbon dioxide and bacteria. The greater part of the soluble nitrogen was assimilated by microorganisms or otherwise converted and the greater part of the added carbohydrate was transformed into lactic, acetic and butyric acids.(3) The organic acids were formed from a variety of carbohydrates. Lactic acid was the first to be observed and appeared to be formed mainly by direct splitting of the sugar. It decomposed readily, forming acetic and butyric acids. Some acetic acid was formed by direct oxidation of lactic acid, with pyruvic acid as the intermediate product. All the acids were, on standing, converted into other forms by micro-organisms.

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