THE DIAPAUSE AND RELATED PHENOMENA IN GILPINIA POLYTOMA (HARTIG): IV. INFLUENCE OF FOOD AND DIAPAUSE UPON REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY

1941 ◽  
Vol 19d (12) ◽  
pp. 417-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Prebble
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Practical Effect ◽  
Prolonged Diapause

Methods of sampling, determination of reproductive capacity, and analysis of data are described. Various physical measurements are positively correlated with reproductive capacity, but regression equations are unsatisfactory for estimation of fecundity outside of the population in which the relationships have been determined, due to variability in the degree of joint variation of size and fecundity under different feeding conditions. Field populations developed on white spruce are more fecund than those developed on black spruce; reductions of 30% or more may result from periodic food shortage.Reproductive capacity of females emerging over a period of three to five years in each of 20 populations, failed to show any consistent trend in relation to the diapause period. From this, and also from the slight reduction in eonymphal dry weight over extended intervals at favourable temperature, it is concluded that the destruction of eonymphal reserves during diapause proceeds very slowly and has no practical effect upon fecundity of females issuing after prolonged diapause.

An Improved Quantitative Image Analyser

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
J.P. Fallon ◽  
P.J. Gregory ◽  
C.J. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Frequency Content ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Image Analyser ◽  
Automatic Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results

Quantitative image analysis systems have been used for several years in research and quality control applications in various fields including metallurgy and medicine. The technique has been applied as an extension of subjective microscopy to problems requiring quantitative results and which are amenable to automatic methods of interpretation.Feature extraction. In the most general sense, a feature can be defined as a portion of the image which differs in some consistent way from the background. A feature may be characterized by the density difference between itself and the background, by an edge gradient, or by the spatial frequency content (texture) within its boundaries. The task of feature extraction includes recognition of features and encoding of the associated information for quantitative analysis.Quantitative Analysis. Quantitative analysis is the determination of one or more physical measurements of each feature. These measurements may be straightforward ones such as area, length, or perimeter, or more complex stereological measurements such as convex perimeter or Feret's diameter.

Scanning-probe microscope analysis of optical thin films: A new analytical tool in a manufacturing environment

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 1068-1069
Author(s):  
S. P. Sapers ◽  
R. Clark ◽  
P. Somerville
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscope ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
List Type ◽  
Manufacturing Environment ◽  
Physical Measurements ◽  
Probe Microscope

OCLI is a leading manufacturer of thin films for optical and thermal control applications. The determination of thin film and substrate topography can be a powerful way to obtain information for deposition process design and control, and about the final thin film device properties. At OCLI we use a scanning probe microscope (SPM) in the analytical lab to obtain qualitative and quantitative data about thin film and substrate surfaces for applications in production and research and development. This manufacturing environment requires a rapid response, and a large degree of flexibility, which poses special challenges for this emerging technology. The types of information the SPM provides can be broken into three categories:(1)Imaging of surface topography for visualization purposes, especially for samples that are not SEM compatible due to size or material constraints;(2)Examination of sample surface features to make physical measurements such as surface roughness, lateral feature spacing, grain size, and surface area;(3)Determination of physical properties such as surface compliance, i.e. “hardness”, surface frictional forces, surface electrical properties.

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Methodology of Estimation of Fire Separation Distances between Construction Facilities by Calculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 1006 ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Vadym Nizhnyk ◽  
Yurii Feshchuk ◽  
Volodymyr Borovykov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Fire Load ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Tabular Method

Based on analysis of appropriate literary sources we established that estimation of fire separation distances was based of two criteria: heat flux and temperature. We proposed to use “ignition temperature of materials” as principal criterion when determining fire separation distances between adjacent construction facilities. Based on the results derived while performing complete factorial we created mathematical model to describe trend of changing fire separation distances depending on caloric power of fire load (Q), openings factor of the external enclosing structures (k) and duration of irradiation (t); moreover, its adequacy was confirmed. Based on linear regression equations we substantiated calculation and tabular method for the determination of fire separation distances for a facility being irradiated which contains combustible or otherwise non-combustible façade and a facility where liquid oil products turn. We developed and proposed general methodology for estimation of fire separation distances between construction facilities by calculation.

APPLICATION OF AAS AND NAA FOR DETERMINATION OF TIN IN SRMs, AND IN ANIMAL AND HUMAN ORGANS

1992 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 489-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOMOKO CHIBA ◽  
VENKATESH G. IYENGAR
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Activation Analysis ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Reference Materials ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Human Organs

Tin (Sn) is one of the causative elements of the environmental pollution. As no certified reference materials for Sn are presently available, existing reference materials were analyzed for Sn by two independent analytical techniques; atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). The results obtained by both methods were in agreement except for mixed diet which contains Sn in the range of 50 μ g/g. Further, tin concentrations in human and animal organs have been examined by AAS. Among organs tested tin concentrations in testes were the highest, 2.08±0.62 μ g/g dry weight (mean ±SD, n=12) in humans, and 1.45±0.55 μ g/g (n=8) in mice.

scholarly journals Experimental model for in vivo determination of dietary fibre and its effect on the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg ◽  
H. Andersson ◽  
B. Hallgren ◽  
Kristina Hasselblad ◽  
B. Isaksson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Definition Of

1. An experimental model for the determination of dietary fibre according to the definition of Trowell et al. (1976) is described. Food was subjected to in vivo digestion in ileostomy patients, and the ileostomy contents were collected quantitatively, the polysaccharide components of which were analysed by gas–liquid chromatography and the Klason lignin by gravimetric determination. The model was used for the determination of dietary fibre in AACC (American Association of Cereal Chemists), wheat bran and for studies on the extent of hydrolysis of wheat-bran fibre in the stomach and small intestine. The effect of wheat bran on ileostomy losses of nitrogen, starch and electrolytes was also investigated.2. Nine patients with established ileostomies were studied during two periods while on a constant low-fibre diet. In the second period 16 g AACC wheat bran/d was added to the diet. The ileostomy contents and duplicate portions of the diet were subjected to determinations of wet weight, dry weight, water content, fibre components, starch, N, sodium and potassium.3. The wet weight of ileostomy contents increased by 94 g/24 h and dry weight by 10 g/24 h after consumption of bran. The dietary fibre of AACC bran, determined as the increase in polysaccharides and lignin of ileostomy contents after consumption of bran, was 280 g/kg fresh weight (310 g/kg dry matter). Direct analysis of polysaccharides and lignin in bran gave a value of 306 g/kg fresh weight. Of the added bran hemicellulose and cellulose 80–100% and 75–100% respectively were recovered in ileostomy contents. There was no significant difference between the two periods in amount of N, starch and K found in the ileostomy contents. The Na excretion increased during the ‘bran’ period and correlated well with the wet weight of ileostomy contents.4. In conclusion, it seems probable that determination of dietary fibre by in vivo digestion in ileostomy patients comes very close to the theoretical definition of dietary fibre, as the influence of bacteria in the ileum seems small. Bacterial growth should be avoided by using a technique involving the change of ileostomy bags every 2 h and immediate deep-freezing of the ileostomy contents. True dietary fibre can be determined by direct analysis of polysaccharides and lignin in the food, at least in bran. Very little digestion of hemicellulose and cellulose from bran occurs in the stomach and small bowel. The 10–20% loss in some patients may be due to digestion by the gastric juice or to bacterial fermentation in the ileum, or both. The extra amount of faecal N after consumption of bran, reported by others, is probably produced in the large bowel.

scholarly journals Determination of critical pH and Al concentration of acidic Ultisols for wheat and canola crops

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaha-Al Baquy ◽  
Jiu-Yu Li ◽  
Chen-Yang Xu ◽  
Khalid Mehmood ◽  
Ren-Kou Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Dry Land

Abstract. Soil acidity has become a serious constraint in dry land crop production systems of acidic Ultisols in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, where winter wheat and canola are cultivated as important rotational crops. Regardless of other common existing concerns in acidic Ultisols of southern China, it needs to be investigated whether soil acidity has any effect on wheat and canola growth. There is little information on the determination of critical soil pH as well as aluminium (Al) concentration for wheat and canola crops. The objective of this study was to determine the critical soil pH and exchangeable aluminium concentration (AlKCl) for wheat and canola production. Two pot cultures with two Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui were conducted for wheat and canola crops in a controlled growth chamber, with a completely randomized design. A soil pH gradient ranging from 3.7 (Hunan) and 3.97 (Anhui) to 6.5, with three replications, was used as a treatment. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) were used to obtain the target soil pH levels. Plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of wheat and canola were adversely affected by soil acidity in both locations. The critical soil pH and AlKCl of the Ultisol from Hunan for wheat were 5.29 and 0.56 cmol kg−1, respectively. At Anhui, the threshold soil pH and AlKCl for wheat were 4.66 and 2.36 cmol kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, the critical soil pH for canola was 5.65 and 4.87 for the Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui, respectively. The critical soil exchangeable Al for canola cannot be determined from the experiment of this study. The results suggested that the critical soil pH and AlKCl varied between different locations for the same variety of crop, due to the different soil types and their other soil chemical properties. The critical soil pH for canola was higher than that for wheat for both Ultisols, thus canola was more sensitive to soil acidity. Therefore, we recommend that liming should be undertaken to increase soil pH if it falls below these critical soil pH levels for wheat and canola production.

scholarly journals Kemampuan Lulusan Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Ampta Dalam Menghadapi Persaingan Di Dunia Kerja

Media Wisata ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Larasati
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skill ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Test Results ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Face ◽  
Job Competition ◽  
Sampling Approach

The purpose of this research is to know wtether knowledge, skill, responsiveness and communication skill influence in job competition for graduate student from Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata AMPTA. The population in this study are student pf Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata SMPTA that graduated in 2013 until 2016, the total population in this studt is 702 and 200 respondents who have worked taken as samples, samples were taken with non probability sampling technique and accidental sampling approach. Sampling approach using regression equations obtained results that through test results F (regression analysis jointly) may note that the value of F = 147.104 count with the significance of 0.000 < 0.05. The test results of the test F reinforced with testing the determination of the coefficient that shows the value of 74.6%) (0.746. From Test t (partially) can result in variable knowledge with a value of t = 3,173 and significance of the value 0002 < 0.05, variable skill with a value of t = 2,949 and value the significance of 0.004 < 0.05, variable attitude with a value of t = 2,688 and value the significance of 0.008 < 0.05, variable communication skill with a value of t = value and significance of 4,497 0000 < 0.05. From the above results can be known that the hypothesis posed was not proven in other words that all of these variables can be said to have a positive and significant effect simultaneously as well as partial toward the ability of STP graduates AMPTA in the face of competition in the world of work

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